ABSTRACT
We report a case of Barmah Forest virus infection in a child from Central Province, Papua New Guinea, who had no previous travel history. Genomic characterization of the virus showed divergent origin compared with viruses previously detected, supporting the hypothesis that the range of Barmah Forest virus extends beyond Australia.
Subject(s)
Alphavirus Infections/diagnosis , Alphavirus Infections/virology , Alphavirus/classification , Alphavirus/genetics , Alphavirus/isolation & purification , Alphavirus Infections/epidemiology , Alphavirus Infections/transmission , Animals , Bayes Theorem , Child, Preschool , Chlorocebus aethiops , Humans , Male , Monte Carlo Method , Papua New Guinea , Phylogeny , Vero CellsABSTRACT
Diarrhoeal diseases are among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the Western Pacific Region. However, data on the major causes of infectious diarrhoea are limited in many countries within the Region, including Papua New Guinea. In 2013-2014, we conducted surveillance for acute diarrhoeal illness in four provinces in Papua New Guinea. One rural health clinic from each province participated in the surveillance activity. Samples were sent to central laboratories and batch analysed for bacterial and viral gastrointestinal pathogens that are commonly associated with diarrhoea. Across the four sites, the most commonly detected pathogens were Shigella spp., Campylobacter spp. and rotavirus. In this paper, we report the results of the surveillance activity and the challenges that we faced. The lessons learnt may be applicable to other parts of the Region with a similar socioeconomic status.
Subject(s)
Diarrhea/epidemiology , Epidemiological Monitoring , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Child , Child, Preschool , Diarrhea/microbiology , Diarrhea/virology , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Middle Aged , Papua New Guinea/epidemiology , Young AdultABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to investigate a large outbreak of shigellosis in Papua New Guinea that began in a camp for internally displaced persons before spreading throughout the general community. METHODS: Outbreak mitigation strategies were implemented in the affected area to curtail the spread of the disease. Data were collected from the surveillance system and analysed by time, place and person. Rectal swab samples were tested by standard culture methods and real-time polymerase chain reaction to determine the etiology of the outbreak. RESULTS: Laboratory analysis at two independent institutions established that the outbreak was caused by Shigella sp., with one strain further characterized as Shigella flexneri serotype 2. Approximately 1200 suspected cases of shigellosis were reported in a two-month period from two townships in Morobe Province, Papua New Guinea. The outbreak resulted in at least five deaths, all in young children. DISCUSSION: This outbreak of shigellosis highlights the threat of enteric diseases to vulnerable populations such as internally displaced persons in Papua New Guinea, as has been observed in other global settings.
Subject(s)
Disease Outbreaks , Dysentery, Bacillary/epidemiology , Refugees , Shigella , Adolescent , Adult , Child , Child, Preschool , Dysentery, Bacillary/etiology , Dysentery, Bacillary/microbiology , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Middle Aged , Papua New Guinea/epidemiology , Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction , Shigella flexneri , Young AdultABSTRACT
Objective:The objective of this study was to investigate a large outbreak of shigellosis in Papua New Guinea that began in a camp for internally displaced persons before spreading throughout the general community.Methods:Outbreak mitigation strategies were implemented in the affected area to curtail the spread of the disease. Data were collected from the surveillance system and analysed by time, place and person. Rectal swab samples were tested by standard culture methods and real-time polymerase chain reaction to determine the etiology of the outbreak.Results:Laboratory analysis at two independent institutions established that the outbreak was caused by Shigella sp., with one strain further characterized as Shigella flexneri serotype 2. Approximately 1200 suspected cases of shigellosis were reported in a two-month period from two townships in Morobe Province, Papua New Guinea. The outbreak resulted in at least five deaths, all in young children.Discussion:This outbreak of shigellosis highlights the threat of enteric diseases to vulnerable populations such as internally displaced persons in Papua New Guinea, as has been observed in other global settings.