EAT-Lancet Healthy Reference Diet score and diabetes incidence in a cohort of Mexican women.

To improve the health of our planet and develop sustainable food policies, it is important to understand the health impact of a diet pattern that considers planetary and population health. We used data from the Mexican Teachers' Cohort (MTC) to estimate the association between the EAT-Lancet healthy reference diet (EAT-HRD) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) incidence. We included 74,671 women aged ≥25 years, free of T2D at baseline. A validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to assess dietary intake. We created an EAT-HRD score based on 15 food groups recommended by the EAT-Lancet Commission (range from 0 to 15). T2D cases were identified through self-report and cross-linkage with clinical and administrative databases. We used Cox proportional hazards models to estimate the association between categories of the EAT-HRD score with T2D incidence. During a median follow-up of 2.16 y (IQR 1.8-4.3 y), we identified 3241 T2D incident cases. The median EAT-HRD score was 6 (IQR 5-7). In multivariable analyses, when comparing extreme categories, higher adherence to the EAT-HRD score was associated with lower T2D incidence (HR 0.90; 95% CI 0.75, 1.10), yet, the estimation was imprecise. Compared to those who did not meet the EAT-HRD recommendations, adhering to the red meat, legumes, and fish recommendations was associated with lower T2D incidence. Meeting the recommendation of dairy and added sugars was associated with an increased incidence of T2D. Higher adherence to a diet designed to promote environmental and human health may help prevent T2D incidence among women in a middle-income country.

Overview of Systematic Reviews of Health Interventions for the Prevention and Treatment of Overweight and Obesity in Children.

(1) Background: The importance of studying the health interventions used to prevent and treat overweight and obesity in school-aged children is imperative. This overview aimed to summarize systematic reviews that assess the effects of school-based, family, and mixed health interventions for preventing and treating overweight and obesity in school-aged children. (2) Methods: The Cochrane Collaboration methodology and PRISMA statement were followed. A search was conducted using terms adapted to 12 databases. Systematic reviews reporting interventions in children from six to 12 years old with an outcome related to preventing or treating obesity and overweight were included. Studies with pharmacological or surgical interventions and adolescents were excluded. (3) Results: A total of 15,226 registers were identified from databases and citation searching. Of those, ten systematic reviews published between 2013 and 2022 were included. After the overlap, 331 interventions for children between 6 and 12 years old were identified, and 61.6% involved physical activity and nutrition/diet intervention. Multicomponent intervention, combining physical activity with nutrition and behavioral change, school-based plus community-based interventions may be more effective in reducing overweight and obesity in children. (4) Conclusions: Plenty of interventions for childhood overweight and obesity aimed at prevention and treatment were identified, but there is a gap in the methodological quality preventing the establishment of a certain recommendation.

Fishes from affluents of Rio Branco, Municipality of Caracaraí, Roraima State, northern Brazil / Peixes de afluentes do Rio Branco, Município de Caracaraí, Estado de Roraima, norte do Brasil

Abstract The Amazon has the richest freshwater ichthyofauna of the planet, with tens of new species being described annually. Although studies on Amazonian fish in the literature are increasingly common recently, there are still significant gaps concerning primary data on the ichthyofauna. One such gap is the state of Roraima and its main drainage, Rio Branco. There is a single book published in 2007 on fishes of Rio Branco, and although it presents a rather complete list of over 580 species known until then, the information is now a little outdated and many species found in some of its affluents are not listed in the book. Due to the scarcity of published data on the fish diversity of Roraima and taking into account that ichthyofaunal surveys are important tools towards freshwater conservation, we carried out an inventory of the ichthyofauna in the region of Caracaraí (RR) in 18 sampling sites including seven affluents of both left and right margins of Rio Branco. We recorded a total of 64 species of 41 genera and 18 families of five orders that occur in the Neotropical region, representing more than 11% of the species previously registered in the book for the entire Rio Branco basin. Twelve species were added to the list presented in the book, with four representing first records for the basin, one of them a new record for Brazil. Two of the 64 species are putative new taxa in need of further taxonomic studies. The order with the highest diversity was Characiformes (40 species), with highlights for the family Characidae (24 of these species), followed by Cichliformes (11 species) and Siluriformes (9 species). The richest collecting sites had 23 species, and the least rich site had only two species. Hyphessobrycon bentosi and Nannostomus marginatus occurred in more than 60% of the sites. There has been a significant difference in the exclusive ichthyofauna from affluents of both margins of Rio Branco, with the number of exclusive species in left margin tributaries approximately five times higher. Results presented herein complement data from the literature regarding the still poorly known ichthyofauna from Roraima.

Resumo A Amazônia possui a mais rica ictiofauna de água doce do planeta, com dezenas de novas espécies sendo descrita anualmente. Apesar de estudos sobre os peixes amazônicos serem cada vez mais comuns na literatura, ainda existem lacunas importantes com relação aos dados primários da ictiofauna. Uma dessas lacunas é o estado de Roraima e sua principal bacia hidrográfica, o Rio Branco. Até hoje, há apenas um livro publicado em 2007 sobre os peixes do Rio Branco, e apesar de apresentar uma lista bastante completa com pouco mais de 580 espécies conhecidas até então, atualmente as informações estão um pouco desatualizadas e diversas espécies de peixes encontradas em alguns de seus afluentes não constam do livro. Devido a escassez de dados publicados sobre a diversidade de peixes de Roraima e levando em consideração que levantamentos de ictiofauna são ferramentas importantes para mensurar o potencial de conservação dos corpos d'água, nós fizemos um levantamento da ictiofauna da região de Caracaraí (RR) em 18 pontos incluindo sete afluentes das margens esquerda e direita do Rio Branco. Foram registradas ao todo 64 espécies de 41 gêneros e 18 famílias de peixes de cinco ordens que ocorrem na região Neotropical, representando pouco mais de 11% das espécies registradas no livro para toda a bacia do Rio Branco. Doze espécies foram adicionadas à lista apresentada no livro, sendo quatro registradas pela primeira vez neste estudo, uma delas registrada pela primeira vez no Brasil. Duas das 64 espécies representam possíveis espécies ainda não descritas, necessitando de estudos taxonômicos mais aprofundados. A ordem com maior diversidade foi Characiformes (40 espécies), com destaque para a família Characidae (24 destas espécies), seguida de Cichliformes (11 espécies) e Siluriformes (9 espécies). Os pontos com maior riqueza apresentaram 23 espécies e o com menor riqueza apresentou apenas duas espécies. Hyphessobrycon bentosi e Nannostomus marginatus ocorreram em mais de 60% dos pontos. Houve diferença significativa na ictiofauna exclusiva entre os afluentes das duas margens do Rio Branco, com o número de espécies exclusivas da margem esquerda sendo aproximadamente cinco vezes maior. Os resultados apresentados aqui complementam os dados presentes na literatura a respeito da ainda pouco estudada ictiofauna de Roraima.

[Prevalence of cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors in school students, university students, and women from community-based organizations in the districts of Lima, Callao, la Libertad and Arequipa, Peru 2011]. / Prevalencia de factores de riesgo cardiovascular y riesgo metabólico en escolares, universitarios y mujeres de organizaciones sociales de base en distritos de Lima, Callao, La Libertad y Arequipa, Perú 2011.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of arterial hypertension, and cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors in school students, college students and women from community-based organizations (CBO) in four districts in Peru. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cross-sectional study conducted in 2011 in the districts of Lima, Callao, La Libertad and Arequipa with school students, university students and women from CBOs. A survey, anthropometric measurements, blood pressure measurements and fasting blood sampling were conducted to determine glucose and lipid levels. Thus, prevalence of overweight, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, suspected diabetes, and other variables, were calculated. The main outcome variable was prevalence of overweight. RESULTS: 1,127 people were included: 283 (25.1%) school students, 431 (38.3%) university students, and 413 women (36.6%) from CBOs. Non-response rates were 3%, 0% and 8%, respectively. The average ages in the three groups were 14.3 ± 0.9; 19.6 ± 2.8; and 46.1 ± 15.3 years, respectively. Prevalence of overweight/obesity (BMI ≥ 25) was 11.3%, 20.9%, and 73.4%; hypertension was 0.7%; 1.2%, and 12.8%; high cholesterol (≥ 200 mg/dL) was 5.2%, 11.5%, and 50.1%; and suspected diabetes was 1.4%; 1.0%, and 20.3% respectively in each group of school students, university students and women from CBOs. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors generally increased in older age groups. In school and university aged groups, the most frequent problems were overweight and obesity, particularly abdominal obesity.

Prevalencia de factores de riesgo cardiovascular y riesgo metabólico en escolares, universitarios y mujeres de organizaciones sociales de base en distritos de Lima, Callao, la Libertad y Arequipa, Perú 2011 / Prevalence of cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors in school students, university students, and women from community-based organizations in the districts of lima, Callao, la Libertad and Arequipa, Peru 2011

Objetivos. Determinar la prevalencia de hipertensión arterial y factores de riesgo cardiovascular y riesgo metabólico (FRCRM) en escolares, universitarios y mujeres de organizaciones sociales de base (OSB) de cuatro distritos en Perú. Materiales y métodos. Estudio transversal analítico realizado el 2011 en distritos de Lima, Callao, La Libertad y Arequipa, con representatividad para escolares, universitarios y mujeres de OSB. Se realizó una encuesta, mediciones antropométricas, medición de presión arterial y toma de muestra sanguínea en ayunas para determinar el nivel de glucosa y lípidos; calculando prevalencias de exceso de peso, hipertensión, hipercolesterolemia, sospecha de diabetes, entre otras. La variable resultado principal fue la prevalencia de sobrepeso. Resultados. Se incluyó 1127 personas, 283 (25,1%) escolares, 431 (38,3%) universitarios y 413 (36,6%) mujeres de las OSB, las tasas de no respuesta fueron de 3; 0 y 8% respectivamente; las edades promedio en los tres grupos fueron 14,3±0,9; 19,6±2,8; y 46,1±15,3 años respectivamente. La prevalencia de sobrepeso/obesidad (IMC ≥ 25) fue de 11,3; 20,9 y 73,4% en cada grupo; de hipertensión fue de 0,7; 1,2, y 12,8% respectivamente; de hipercolesterolemia (≥ 200 mg/dL) fue de 5,2; 11,5 y 50,1% en cada grupo; y de sospecha de diabetes fue de 1,4; 1,0 y 20,3% en los grupos de escolares, universitarios y mujeres de OSB. Conclusiones. La prevalencia de los FRCRM, en general, se incrementa en los grupos de mayor edad; en los grupos de escolares y universitarios son más frecuentes los problemas de sobrepeso y obesidad, en particular la obesidad abdominal.

Objectives. To determine the prevalence of arterial hypertension, and cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors in school students, college students and women from community-based organizations (CBO) in four districts in Peru. Materials and methods. Cross-sectional study conducted in 2011 in the districts of Lima, Callao, La Libertad and Arequipa with school students, university students and women from CBOs. A survey, anthropometric measurements, blood pressure measurements and fasting blood sampling were conducted to determine glucose and lipid levels. Thus, prevalence of overweight, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, suspected diabetes, and other variables, were calculated. The main outcome variable was prevalence of overweight. Results. 1,127 people were included: 283 (25.1%) school students, 431 (38.3%) university students, and 413 women (36.6%) from CBOs. Non-response rates were 3%, 0% and 8%, respectively. The average ages in the three groups were 14.3 ± 0.9; 19.6 ± 2.8; and 46.1 ± 15.3 years, respectively. Prevalence of overweight/obesity (BMI ≥ 25) was 11.3%, 20.9%, and 73.4%; hypertension was 0.7%; 1.2%, and 12.8%; high cholesterol (≥ 200 mg/dL) was 5.2%, 11.5%, and 50.1%; and suspected diabetes was 1.4%; 1.0%, and 20.3% respectively in each group of school students, university students and women from CBOs. Conclusions. The prevalence of cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors generally increased in older age groups. In school and university aged groups, the most frequent problems were overweight and obesity, particularly abdominal obesity.

Capacitación en promoción en salud oral a través de una metodología participativa, con promotores y líderes en salud comunitaria en los municipios de Tabio (Cundinamarca) y Duitama (Boyacá) / Capacitation in oral health promotion through a participative methodology, with promoters and leaders in community health in the community of Tabio (Cundinamarca) y Duitama (Boyaca)

Esta investigación de tipo cualitativo propuso determinar las actitudes positivas para la salud y los cambios en los perfiles de morbilidad oral que podrían generarse en las comunidades de Tabio (Cundinamarca) y Duitama (Boyacá) con el diseño de implementación de una metodología participativa en la capacitación en promoción en salud oral a promotoras y líderes en salud comunitaria. la metodología utilizada con catorce promotoras de salud del hospital Nuestra Señora del Carmen, de Tabio y seis promotoras en salud del Hospital Regional Duitama, partió de las características socio-culturales y sanitarias de las comunidades a las que pertenecían, a los conocimientos, experiencias, expectativas y la identificación de las necesidades, valores y habilidades de cada una de las promotoras. Lo innovador de la metodología se sustenta en la sensibilización, motivación, calidad humana, participación activa, modelaje continúo y la mirada holistica de la salud que privilegia la promoción de la salud, enmarcado todo en un diálogo de saberes, respeto y concertación entre los participantes de la capacitación. Con esta metodología se logró en el grupo de promotoras una mayor integración, mejorar el clima de trabajo, estimular la creatividad y afianzar la seguridad, lo cual se reflejó edn el abordaje a sus comunidades con una mayor motivación, participación e interés frente a la salud oral. Se recomienda seguir y continuar a las comunidades bajo estudio para poder establecer en un futuro los cambios en los perfiles epidemiológicos