[Acute aortic syndrome: CT imaging features]. / Comment j'explore une suspicion de syndrome aortique aigu au scanner.

Acute aortic syndromes include aortic dissection, intramural thrombus, and penetrating atherosclerotic aortic ulcer. These are potentially life-threatening abnormalities of the aorta requiring immediate evaluation by the cardio-thoracic surgery service. CT angiography is the most appropriate imaging modality in the acute setting to detect and diagnose the disease and assess its severity. Precontrast and postcontrast imaging should be obtained of the entire aorta from thorax to pelvis. After aortic rupture, the most severe complication is visceral ischemia from hypoperfusion. Dissections should be systematically searched for and may be amenable to endovascular treatment.

[Stent-graft treatment of the descending thoracic aorta in high risk patients]. / Traitement par stent grafts des pathologies de l'aorte thoracique descendante.

PURPOSE: To report our experience with endovascular stent-graft repair of descending thoracic aorta diseases in high risk patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between 2000 and 2007, 49 high surgical risk patients (mean age: 64.6 years) underwent stent-graft placement, including 24 cases presenting acutely. Mean follow-up was 25.4 months. Etiologies included 15 aneurysms, 11 dissections, 10 penetrating ulcers, 9 false aneurysms, 2 ruptures of the aortic isthmus, 2 intramural hematomas. RESULTS: Access failure occurred in one patient. The overall mortality was 27.1% (n=13), nine related to the presenting pathology or treatment. Thirty-day mortality was 10.4% (n=5). Complications included vascular injury at the iliac or femoral artery access (10.2%), 1 case of flaccid paraplegia, 2 cases of transient paraparesis, 2 strokes, 2 stent migrations and 1 stent rupture. The rate of early endoleak was 39.6% while the rate of delayed endoleak was 14.6%. Seven patients (14.6%) required repeat endovascular interventions. Explantation was required in 2 cases. The latest available follow-up showed no lesion enlargement in 70.7% (n=29/41) of our patients. CONCLUSION: Descending thoracic aortic pathology can be treated using endografts in high risk patients, although significant morbidity and mortality remain. Because of the high rate of endoleaks, close follow-up is required.

Radiology residents' skill level in chest x-ray reading.

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the mean skill level of radiology residents in chest X-ray (CXR) reading, with regard to cognitive mechanisms involved in this task and to investigate for potential factors influencing residents' skill. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighty-one residents were evaluated through a test set including CXR expected to mobilize detection skills (n=10), CXR expected to mobilize interpretation skills (n=10) and normal CXR (n=4). For each radiograph, residents were asked to answer three questions: Does this radiograph show normal or abnormal findings? Does it require complementary computed tomography study? What is your diagnosis? Residents' answers were evaluated against an experts' consensus and analyzed according to year of residency, attendance at CXR training course during residency and the average number of CXR read per week. RESULTS: Residents' mean success rate was 90.4%, 76.6% and 52.7% for the three questions, respectively. Year of residency was associated with better diagnostic performances in the detection CXR category (P=0.025), while attendance at CXR training course was associated with better performances in the interpretation CXR category (P=0.031). There was no influence of the number of CXR read per week. CONCLUSION: These results may suggest promoting systematic CXR theoretical training course in the curriculum of radiology residents.

[Pulmonary nocardiosis with cerebral abscesses mimicking metastatic lung cancer: Three cases and a review of literature]. / Nocardiose pulmonaire avec abcès cérébraux mimant un cancer bronchique métastatique : trois cas et revue de la littérature.

Nocardiosis is an infectious disease with wide range of clinical features, which can eventually lead to death. The agent responsible belongs to the genus Nocardia that includes about fifty different species. Nocardiosis occurs mainly in immunocompromised hosts. We report here three cases of disseminated nocardiosis misdiagnosed initially as cerebral metastatic lung cancer. These patients, including two immunocompetent hosts, presented with both pulmonary and cerebral lesions. In all three patients, the diagnosis was based on magnetic resonance imaging with diffusion sequence, apparent diffusion coefficient reconstruction and neurosurgical cerebral biopsies. Treatment with an appropriate antibiotic regimen was prolonged for several months. Progress was favorable with full resolution of the neurological symptoms and the radiological abnormalities. These three cases emphasize the diagnostic challenge of nocardiosis, especially in disseminated disease.