Full-length transcriptome analysis of Ophioglossum vulgatum: effects of experimentally identified chloroplast gene clusters on expression and evolutionary patterns.

Genes with similar or related functions in chloroplasts are often arranged in close proximity, forming clusters on chromosomes. These clusters are transcribed coordinated to facilitate the expression of genes with specific function. Our previous study revealed a significant negative correlation between the chloroplast gene expression level of the rare medicinal fern Ophioglossum vulgatum and its evolutionary rates as well as selection pressure. Therefore, in this study, we employed a combination of SMRT and Illumina sequencing technology to analyze the full-length transcriptome sequencing of O. vulgatum for the first time. In particular, we experimentally identified gene clusters based on transcriptome data and investigated the effects of chloroplast gene clustering on expression and evolutionary patterns. The results revealed that the total sequenced data volume of the full-length transcriptome of O. vulgatum amounted to 71,950,652,163 bp, and 110 chloroplast genes received transcript coverage. Nine different types of gene clusters were experimentally identified in their transcripts. The chloroplast cluster genes may cause a decrease in non-synonymous substitution rate and selection pressure, as well as a reduction in transversion rate, transition rate, and their ratio. While expression levels of chloroplast cluster genes in leaf, sporangium, and stem would be relatively elevated. The Mann-Whitney U test indicated statistically significant in the selection pressure, sporangia and leaves groups (P < 0.05). We have contributed novel full-length transcriptome data resources for ferns, presenting new evidence on the effects of chloroplast gene clustering on expression land evolutionary patterns, and offering new theoretical support for transgenic research through gene clustering.

Statistical Genomics Analysis of Simple Sequence Repeats from the Paphiopedilum Malipoense Transcriptome Reveals Control Knob Motifs Modulating Gene Expression.

Simple sequence repeats (SSRs) are found in nonrandom distributions in genomes and are thought to impact gene expression. The distribution patterns of 48 295 SSRs of Paphiopedilum malipoense are mined and characterized based on the first full-length transcriptome and comprehensive transcriptome dataset from 12 organs. Statistical genomics analyses are used to investigate how SSRs in transcripts affect gene expression. The results demonstrate the correlations between SSR distributions, characteristics, and expression level. Nine expression-modulating motifs (expMotifs) are identified and a model is proposed to explain the effect of their key features, potency, and gene function on an intra-transcribed region scale. The expMotif-transcribed region combination is the most predominant contributor to the expression-modulating effect of SSRs, and some intra-transcribed regions are critical for this effect. Genes containing the same type of expMotif-SSR elements in the same transcribed region are likely linked in function, regulation, or evolution aspects. This study offers novel evidence to understand how SSRs regulate gene expression and provides potential regulatory elements for plant genetic engineering.

Consensus of experts on perioperative care of chronic rhinosinusitis under the concept of enhanced recovery after surgery / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To form the consensus of nursing experts in accelerated rehabilitation surgery in perioperative period of chronic rhinosinusitis in order to promote the standardized development of accelerated rehabilitation surgery nursing in perioperative period of chronic rhinosinusitis in China.Methods:By consulting the literature evidence and combining with the clinical practice experience, the consensus draft was formed by more than 5 nurses in charge of nursing. According to the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation System, (GRADE), the evidence quality and recommendation grade of each item were evaluated.Results:The consensus covered 4 aspects of pre-hospital care guidance, including preoperative care, postoperative care, and discharge care for chronic rhinosinusitis, with a total of 12 items, including health education, individualized treatment guidance, network platform use, adaptive training, diet management, activity guidance, pain management, and discharge follow-up.Conclusions:The content of this consensus covers all aspects of accelerated rehabilitation surgery nursing during perioperative period of chronic rhinosinusitis, which is scientific, rigorous and authoritative, and can provide reference and guidance for accelerated rehabilitation surgery nursing in the perioperative period of chronic rhinosinusitis.