ABSTRACT
Vapor pressures and flash points for several mixtures of an aviation fuel with dimethyl carbonate (DMC) or diethyl carbonate (DEC) have been measured, respectively, over the entire composition range. Correlation between the experimental vapor pressures and the equilibrium temperatures by the Antoine equation is performed for each mixture. The bubble-point lines of pressure versus composition at different temperatures and those of temperature versus composition at different pressures are then obtained from the Antoine correlations. It is found that DMC and DEC are the oxygenated hydrocarbon additives that can adjust effectively the volatility and flash point of the aviation fuel. The correlation of the flash points with the vapor pressure data for the pseudo-binary mixtures of the fuel and DMC or DEC gives satisfactory results.
Subject(s)
Diethyl Pyrocarbonate/analogs & derivatives , Formates/chemistry , Petroleum , Vapor Pressure , Aircraft , Chemistry Techniques, Analytical/methods , Diethyl Pyrocarbonate/chemistry , Equipment Design , Hot Temperature , Hydrocarbons/chemistry , Models, Statistical , Oxygen/chemistry , Pressure , Temperature , VolatilizationABSTRACT
A preferentially oriented mordenite membrane was successfully prepared on a seeded porous a-alumina support. Characterization results of XRD (X-ray diffractometer) and FE-SEM (field emission scanning electron microscope) revealed that evolutionary selection might predominantly contribute to the formation of the sharply oriented mordenite membrane. The necessary conditions under which evolutionary selection occurs are: (a) the number density of nuclei on the support surface should be high enough at the early stage; (b) the crystals should grow fastest along one direction; and (c) the zeolite layer should proceed via the successive growth of the crystals nucleated on the support surface instead of the accumulation of the crystals formed in the bulk solution.
ABSTRACT
Volatility and flash point for the pseudo-binary mixtures of sunflower seed-based biodiesel+ethanol were measured over the entire composition range. The biodiesel was prepared by the transesterification of sunflower seed oil in supercritical methanol without using any catalyst. The vapor pressures of mixtures of biodiesel+ethanol as a function of temperature were measured by comparative ebulliometry with an inclined ebulliometer. The vapor pressures versus composition at different temperatures and temperatures versus composition at different pressures were obtained from Antoine correlations. It is found that ethanol can adjust effectively the volatility and flash point of the biodiesel. The correlation of the flash points with the vapor pressure data for the pseudo-binary mixtures of biodiesel+ethanol displays agreement with the experimental data obtained by closed cup test.