Incidence of Positive Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Polymerase Chain Reaction After Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccination With up to 8 Months of Follow-up: Real-life Data From the Capital Region of Denmark.

BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines are implemented worldwide in efforts to curb the pandemic. This study investigates the risk of a positive severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test following BNT162b2 vaccination in a large real-life population in Denmark. METHODS: Vaccination status and positive SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR results from adults in the Capital Region of Denmark (n = 1 549 488) were obtained from national registries. PCR testing was free and widely available. The number of positive PCR tests per individual at risk was calculated as weekly rates. Time to positive PCR test was modelled using Kaplan-Meier methods and hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated using Cox regression. RESULTS: A total of 1 119 574 individuals received the first dose of BNT162b2 and 1 088 879 received a second dose of BNT162b2. Individuals were followed up to 8.7 months after first dose (median: 5.5 months; interquartile ratio: 4.1-8.7). Rates of PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection 2-4 months after the second dose were 0.21, 0.33, and 0.36 per 1000 individuals per week at risk for July, August, and September, respectively. Four or more months after the second dose, the rates were 0.56, 0.76, and 0.53 per 1000 individuals per week at risk for July, August, and September, respectively. HR of SARS-CoV-2 infection after the second dose was 0.2 (95% confidence interval, .05-.48; P = .001) for individuals with 8 months' follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Individuals who received 2 doses of the BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccine had a low risk of breakthrough infection after up to 8 months of follow-up. However, there was a tendency toward higher rates with longer follow-up.

The effect of circadian-adjusted LED-based lighting on sleep, daytime sleepiness and biomarkers of inflammation in a randomized controlled cross-over trial by pragmatic design in elderly care home dwellers.

AIM: Elderly multimorbid care home dwellers are a heterogenic group of frail individuals that exhibit sleep disturbances and a range of co-morbidities. The project aimed to study the possible effect of indoor circadian-adjusted LED-lighting (CaLED) in the elderly residents' care home on their sleeping patterns and systemic biomarkers associated with inflammation. METHODS: A 16-week trial study was performed to follow the intervention and control groups using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) to monitor sleep and daytime sleepiness, and biomarkers IL-6, TNF-α and suPAR, to estimate the levels of inflammation. RESULTS: There was no significant impact on sleep improvement after the short intervention time when analyzing the PSQI and ESS results. However, we found several challenges using these tools for this specific group of individuals. Thus, important knowledge was gained for future studies in elderly care home dwellers. The inflammation state throughout the entire study period was stable for most of the elderly and no significant change was detected from before to after the intervention. This study represents a first-to-date attempt to ameliorate the adverse effects of sleep disturbances that characterize a randomly chosen group of elderly multimorbid subjects, by using circadian-adjusted LED-lighting in a natural care home environment. CONCLUSION: In this pragmatic randomized study of home dwelling individuals we were not able to demonstrate an improved sleep pattern as judged by PSQI, ESS or a change in inflammatory state.