TRANSPARENT TESTA GLABRA1 Regulates High-Intensity Blue Light-Induced Phototropism by Reducing CRYPTOCHROME1 Levels.

The asymmetrical distribution of auxin supports high intensity blue light (HBL)-mediated phototropism. Flavonoids, secondary metabolites induced by blue light and TRANSPARENT TESTA GLABRA1 (TTG1), alter auxin transport. However, the role of TTG1 in HBL-induced phototropism in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) remains unclear. We found that TTG1 regulates HBL-mediated phototropism. HBL-induced degradation of CRYPTOCHROME 1 (CRY1) was repressed in ttg1-1, and depletion of CRY1 rescued the phototropic defects of the ttg1-1 mutant. Moreover, overexpression of CRY1 in a cry1 mutant background led to phototropic defects in response to HBL. These results indicated that CRY1 is involved in the regulation of TTG1-mediated phototropism in response to HBL. Further investigation showed that TTG1 physically interacts with CRY1 via its N-terminus and that the added TTG1 promotes the dimerization of CRY1. The interaction between TTG1 and CRY1 may promote HBL-mediated degradation of CRY1. TTG1 also physically interacted with blue light inhibitor of cryptochrome 1 (BIC1) and Light-Response Bric-a-Brack/Tramtrack/Broad 2 (LRB2), and these interactions either inhibited or promoted their interaction with CRY1. Exogenous gibberellins (GA) and auxins, two key plant hormones that crosstalk with CRY1, may confer the recovery of phototropic defects in the ttg1-1 mutant and CRY1-overexpressing plants. Our results revealed that TTG1 participates in the regulation of HBL-induced phototropism by modulating CRY1 levels, which are coordinated with GA or IAA signaling.

Radiation effect on silicon photonics chips for space quantum key distribution.

Quantum communication satellites have potential for applications in future quantum networks. Photonics integrated chips, due to their compact and lightweight nature, are well-suited for satellite deployment. However, the harsh radiation environment of space can cause permanent damage to these chips, resulting in degraded performance or complete loss of functionality. In this work, we conducted a series of radiation experiments to evaluate the effects of γ rays and high energy protons on quantum key distribution transmitter chips. The results suggest that the insertion loss of the chip is slightly reduced by about 1.5 dB after 100 krad (Si) γ ray irradiation, and further reduced by about 0.5 to 1 dB after 2.39 × 1011/cm2 proton radiation. The half-wave voltages, extinction ratios, and polarization angles are not changed significantly within the measurement error range. Our work proves the feasibility of deploying quantum constellations utilizing terminals based on photonics chips.

Survey of natural products reported by Asian research groups in 2022.

The new natural products reported in 2022 in peer-reviewed articles in journals with good reputations were reviewed and analyzed. The advances made by Asian research groups in the field of natural products chemistry in 2022 were summarized. Compounds with unique structural features and/or promising bioactivities originating from Asian natural sources were discussed based on their structural classification.

Two new iridoid glycosides from the whole plant of Rehmania piasezkii.

Two new iridoid glycosides, piasezkiiosides A (1) and B (2), were isolated from aqueous extract of the whole plant of Rehmannia piasezkii. Their structures were established from the spectroscopic data, chemical transformation, and X-ray diffraction analysis. Compound 1 exhibited weak hepatoprotective activity against APAP-induced HepG2 cell damage.

Four new iridoid glycosides from the roots of Rehmannia glutinosa.

Four new iridoid glycosides (1-4), rehmaglutosides L-O, were isolated from the air-dried roots of Rehmannia glutinosa. Their structures were established from the spectroscopic data obtained and by chemical evidence. The known mellittoside (5) and ajugol (6) were also obtained in the current investigation, and the structure of mellittoside was unequivocally defined using X-ray diffraction data. Compounds 1-6 were tested for their cytotoxicity against five human tumor cell lines and proliferation effects on Lactobacillus Reuteri.

Seven new pentasaccharides from the roots of Rehmannia glutinosa.

Seven new pentasaccharides (1-7), rehmaglupentasaccharides A-G, were isolated from the air-dried roots of Rehmannia glutinosa. Their structures were established from the spectroscopic data obtained and by chemical evidence. The known verbascose (8) and stachyose (9) were also obtained in the current investigation, and the structure of stachyose was unequivocally defined using X-ray diffraction data. Compounds 1-9 were tested for their cytotoxicity against five human tumor cell lines, influence on dopamine receptor activation, and proliferation effects against Lactobacillus reuteri.

Unlocking Dysprosium Constraints for China's 1.5 °C Climate Target.

Some key low-carbon technologies, ranging from wind turbines to electric vehicles, are underpinned by the strong rare-earth-based permanent magnets of the Nd, Pr (Dy)-Fe-Nb type (NdFeB). These NdFeB magnets, which are sensitive to demagnetization with temperature elevation (the Curie point), require the addition of variable amounts of dysprosium (Dy), where an elevation of the Curie point is needed to meet operational conditions. Given that China is the world's largest REE supplier with abundant REE reserves, the impact of an ambitious 1.5 °C climate target on China's Dy supply chain has sparked widespread concern. Here, we explore future trends and innovation strategies associated with the linkage between Dy and NdFeBs under various climate scenarios in China. We find China alone is expected to exhaust the global present Dy reserve within the next 2-3 decades to facilitate the 1.5 °C climate target. By implementing global available innovation strategies, such as material substitution, reduction, and recycling, it is possible to avoid 48%-68% of China's cumulative demand for Dy. Nevertheless, ongoing efforts in REE exploration and production are still required to meet China's growing Dy demand, which will face competition from the United States, European Union, and other countries with ambitious climate targets. Thus, our analysis urges China and those nations to form wider cooperation in REE supply chains as well as in NdFeB innovation for the realization of a global climate-safe future.

Progress in the Application of Magnetic Nanoparticles in Forensic Trace Analysis.

Given the complexity of biological samples and the trace nature of target materials in forensic trace analysis, a simple and effective method is needed to obtain sufficient target materials from complex substrates. Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have shown a wide range of application value in many research fields, such as biomedicine, drug delivery and separation, due to their unique superparamagnetic properties, stable physical and chemical properties, biocompatibility, small size, high specific surface area and other characteristics. To apply MNPs in the pretreatment of forensic materials, maximize the extraction rate of the target materials, and minimize interference factors to meet the requirements of trace analysis of the target materials, this paper reviews the application of MNPs in the fields of forensic toxicological analysis, environmental forensic science, trace evidence analysis and criminal investigation in recent years, and provides research ideas for the application of MNPs in forensic trace analysis.

Survey of natural products reported by Asian research groups in 2021.

The new natural products reported in 2021 in peer-reviewed articles in journals with good reputations were reviewed and analyzed. The advances made by Asian research groups in the field of natural products chemistry in 2021 were summarized. Compounds with unique structural features and/or promising bioactivities originating from Asian natural sources were discussed based on their structural classification.

Three new pyridine alkaloids and one new iridoid analogue from the leaves of Rehmannia glutinosa.

As part of an ongoing project on Rehmannia species, three new pyridine alkaloides (glutinosines A - C), and one new iridoid analogue (rehmaglutin E), were isolated from the leaves of Rehmannia glutinosa. The structures of the new compounds were established by extensive spectroscopic analysis and electronic circular dichroism calculations.

Four ionones and ionone glycosides from the whole plant of Rehmannia piasezkii.

Four new ionones and ionone glycosides (1-4) were isolated from the whole plant of Rehmannia piasezkii Maxim. Their planar structures as well as absolute configuration were confirmed via spectroscopic analysis, ECD calculation, and X-ray crystallography. Compounds 1-4 were tested for their cytotoxicity against five human tumor cell lines and ability to inhibit LPS-activated NO production in the BV2 cell line.

Extraskeletal Ewing's Sarcoma with CD7 Positivity and T-cell Receptor/Immunoglobulin Rearrangement Masquerading as T-lymphoblastic Lymphoma.

Background: Extraskeletal Ewing's Sarcoma (EES) may harbor more than one tumor-specific genetic abnormality, leading to diagnostic difficulties. Case report: We report a nine-year-old boy with recurrent mass of his right thigh. Tumor cells were round, with scant cytoplasm, finely dispersed chromatin, and inapparent, small nucleoli. The initial misdiagnosis was T-lymphoblastic lymphoma due to CD7 and TCR/Ig monoclonal rearrangement. As it expressed NKX2.2 and harbored an EWSR1-FLI1 fusion transcript, the diagnosis was changed to EES. The child underwent EES therapy with good initial response, but had a subcutaneous relapse at 22 months. Conclusion: In addition to typical genetic alterations, Ewing sarcoma can also express CD7 and TCR/Ig rearrangement, which are not limited to lymphoma.

Development and validation of a nomogram to predict the risk of breast cancer-related lymphedema among Chinese breast cancer survivors.

PURPOSE: Breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL) is a major long-term complication for post-surgery breast cancer survivors. Although several risk factors have been identified, lifestyle characteristics have been neglected in previous studies. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a nomogram for estimating this population's risk of developing lymphedema, taking into consideration their demographic, clinical, and personal lifestyle behaviors. METHODS: In a cross-sectional study, we collected data from 775 post-operative breast cancer survivors who had attended a follow-up session in the recent 10 years (primary cohort). Lymphedema was assessed using the Norman telephone questionnaire, self-reported by patients. Multiple logistic regression was used to identify risk factors for lymphedema, including demographic, clinical, and lifestyle-related factors. A nomogram was constructed based on those factors and was validated using a separate group of 314 breast cancer patients (validation cohort). RESULTS: The factors independently associated with lymphedema were higher body mass index (BMI), modified radical mastectomy (MRM), postsurgical infection, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, exercise of the affected arm, and the active participation in physical activity (P<0.05). The area under the curve (AUC) values of the primary and the validation cohorts were 0.721 (95% confidence interval: 0.685-0.756) and 0.702 (95% confidence interval: 0.646-0.759), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: BCRL risk factors include MRM, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and higher BMI, while the active physical activity behavior of patients appears to be a factor against lymphedema. The nomogram incorporating the patients' clinical and lifestyle factors might be useful for predicting lymphedema in breast cancer survivors.

Survey of natural products reported by Asian research groups in 2020.

The new natural products reported in 2020 in peer-reviewed articles in journals with good reputations were reviewed and analyzed. The advances made by Asian research groups in the field of natural products chemistry in 2020 were summarized. Compounds with unique structural features and/or promising bioactivities originating from Asian natural sources were discussed based on their structural classification.

Solvothermal Synthesis of Multiple Dihydropyrimidinones at a Time as Inhibitors of Eg5.

Solvothermal synthesis of multiple dihydropyrimidinones at a time has been developed in inexpensive and green bio-based solvent lactic acid without any additional catalysts or additives. By this method, thirty new dihydropyrimidinone derivatives were synthesized in two batches and characterized. All of the compounds were screened by Eg5 motor protein ATPase assay, and the positive compounds were tested against the Caco-2 cell line, HeLa cell line, L929 cell line and T24 cell line in vitro. Among them, compound C9 exhibited the best inhibitory activity against motor protein ATPase with an IC50 value of 30.25 µM and significant cytotoxic activity in the micromolar range against the cells above. The Lineweaver-Burk plot revealed that compound C9 was a mixed-type Eg5 inhibitor. A molecular modeling study using the Discovery Studio program was performed, where compound C9 exhibited good binding interaction with Eg5 motor protein ATPase, and this was consistent with the attained experimental results.

Survey of natural products reported by Asian research groups in 2019.

The new natural products reported in 2019 in peer-reviewed articles in journals with good reputations were reviewed and analyzed. The advances made by Asian research groups in the field of natural products chemistry in 2019 were summarized. Compounds with unique structural features and/or promising bioactivities originating from Asian natural sources were discussed based on their structural classification.

Changes in clinical trials of cancer drugs in mainland China over the decade 2009-18: a systematic review.

As a result of recent, substantial capacity building, a new landscape for cancer drug trials is emerging in China. However, data on the characteristics of cancer drug trials, and how they have changed over time, are scarce. Based on clinical trials published on the China Food and Drug Administration Registration and Information Disclosure Platform for Drug Clinical Studies, we aimed to systematically review changes over time in clinical trials of cancer drugs in mainland China from 2009 to 2018, to provide insight on the effectiveness of the pharmaceutical industry and identify unmet clinical needs of stakeholders. A total of 1493 trials of 751 newly tested cancer drugs were initiated. Increases over time were observed for the annual number of initiated trials, newly tested drugs, and newly added leading clinical trial units, with a sharp increase after 2016. Of the 1385 trials in which cancer types were identified, solid tumours (325 [23%] trials), non-small-cell lung cancer (232 [17%]), and lymphoma (126 [9%]) were the most common. A markedly uneven distribution was also observed in the geography of leading units with the largest number of leading units located in east China (50 [41%]) and the smallest number located in southwest China (4 [3%]). The growth trends we observed illustrate the progress in and increasing capability of cancer drug research and development achieved in mainland China over the decade from 2009. The low number of clinical trials on tumours with epidemiological characteristics unique to the Chinese population and the unbalanced geographical distribution of leading clinical trial units will provide potential targets for policy makers and other stakeholders. Further research efforts should address cancers uniquely relevant to Chinese populations, globally rare cancers, and the balance between equitable drug access, efficiency, and sustainability of cancer drug research and development in mainland China.

Survey of natural products reported by Asian research groups in 2018.

The new natural products reported in 2018 in peer-reviewed articles in journals with good reputations were reviewed and analyzed. The advances made by Asian research groups in the field of natural products chemistry in 2018 were summarized. Compounds with unique structural features and/or promising bioactivities originating from Asian natural sources were discussed based on their structural classification.

Nine new compounds from the whole plants of Rehmannia henryi.

Eight new iridoids (1-8) and an ionone glucoside (9), together with 31 known compounds (10-40), were isolated from the whole plants of Rehmannia henryi. The structures of these compounds were elucidated on the basis of their spectroscopic data and chemical evidence.

Five new iridoids from the whole plants of Rehmannia henryi.

Five new iridoids (1-5), jiohenrins A-E, together with sixteen known compounds (6-21), were isolated from the whole plants of Rehmannia henryi. The structures of these compounds were elucidated on the basis of their spectroscopic data.