Correction to: Arthroscopic fixation of ACL avulsion fracture in the Saint Paul Hospital: a review of treatment outcomes.

The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake. One affiliation was incorrect.

Arthroscopic fixation of ACL avulsion fracture in the Saint Paul Hospital: a review of treatment outcomes.

The purpose of this research is to evaluate the results of arthroscopic suture fixation with fiber wires used as treatment for ACL avulsion fracture, and to determine how effective such a technique is when it comes to restoring of knee function. This prospective study involves 28 patients, who underwent arthroscopic fixation of displaced ACL avulsion fractures at Saint Paul Hospital (Hanoi) from January 2014 to March 2018. The first 3 weeks were not marked with any abnormalities associated with postoperative sutures and hematomas; infectious complications were not detected either. Postoperative displacement of fracture fragments did not take place among the patients involved in the study. At the 3-month follow-up, the average IKDC score was 90.7 (range 76-100), and the average Lysholm score was 93.6 (range 82-100). The percentage of excellent scores was 42.9% (12 patients), good scores accounted for 50% (14 patients), while fair/poor scores accounted for 3.6% each (one patient on each score). The percentage of excellent/good scores was 92.9% in total. This study shows that ACL avulsion fracture can be treated effectively by arthroscopic suture fixation with fiber wires. In fact, this technique may restore knee function and stability.

Enhancing the benefits of antiretroviral therapy in Vietnam: towards ending AIDS.

Vietnam has a concentrated HIV epidemic, with the highest HIV prevalence being observed among people who inject drugs (PWID). Based on its experience scaling-up robust HIV interventions, Vietnam aims to further strengthen its response by harnessing the preventive benefits of antiretroviral therapy (ART). Mathematical modelling suggests that prioritizing key populations for earlier access to ART, combined with other prevention interventions, may have significant impact on the epidemic, cost-effectively reducing new HIV infections and deaths. Pilot studies are being conducted to assess feasibility and acceptability of expansion of HIV testing and counselling (HTC) and early ART among key populations and to demonstrate innovative service delivery models to address challenges in uptake of services across the care cascade. Earlier access of key populations to combination prevention interventions, combined with sustained political commitment and supportive environment for key populations, are essential for maximum impact of ART on the HIV epidemic in Vietnam.

Differential regulation of lymphatic junctional morphology and the potential effects on cardiovascular diseases.

The lymphatic vasculature provides an essential route to drain fluid, macromolecules, and immune cells from the interstitium as lymph, returning it to the bloodstream where the thoracic duct meets the subclavian vein. To ensure functional lymphatic drainage, the lymphatic system contains a complex network of vessels which has differential regulation of unique cell-cell junctions. The lymphatic endothelial cells lining initial lymphatic vessels form permeable "button-like" junctions which allow substances to enter the vessel. Collecting lymphatic vessels form less permeable "zipper-like" junctions which retain lymph within the vessel and prevent leakage. Therefore, sections of the lymphatic bed are differentially permeable, regulated in part by its junctional morphology. In this review, we will discuss our current understanding of regulating lymphatic junctional morphology, highlighting how it relates to lymphatic permeability during development and disease. We will also discuss the effect of alterations in lymphatic permeability on efficient lymphatic flux in health and how it may affect cardiovascular diseases, with a focus on atherosclerosis.

Self-evaluation of Conflict Management Skills: A Cross-Sectional Study Among Vietnamese Nurses in 2021.

Background: Effective conflict management requires various skills. However, evidence suggests that nurses are unprepared to deal with conflicts at work. Accordingly, this study aimed to examine nurses' evaluations of their conflict management skills. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study involved 202 nurses who were enrolled in short professional training courses at the Faculty of Nursing, Thai Nguyen University of Medicine and Pharmacy (TUMP). From March to June 2021, they completed self-administered questionnaires which included evaluations of ten common conflict management skills. The four-point rating scale ranged from very bad (0 points) to very good (3 points). Descriptive statistics, Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal-Wallis, and Spearman's rho tests were used for data analysis. Results: The nurses ranked their ability to identify their and others' emotions and feelings as the highest [mean (SD): 1.99 (0.42)]. Their ability to self-manage conflict-induced stress was rated as the lowest [1.86 (0.56)], with managing own feelings and emotions [1.88 (0.56)], and negotiation [1.90 (0.53)] rated as second and third lowest, respectively. There were no differences in skills between nurses based on gender (Mann-Whitney U = 2814.50, p = 0.720), department (Kruskal-Wallis = 5.89, df = 3, p = 0.117), job position (Mann-Whitney U = 1502.50, p = 0.522), and education (Mann-Whitney U = 3304.00, p = 0.394). Additionally, nurses who demonstrated better skills reported higher effectiveness in previous conflict management (r = 0.45, p < 0.001). Conclusions: Conflict management skills varied and seemed suboptimal. Important areas that require proper attention include emotional intelligence and negotiations.

Describing Death Acceptance Among Thai Buddhists With Cancer.

INTRODUCTION: Death acceptance (DA) is perceived in culturally specific ways. The purposes of this study were to describe DA among Thai Buddhists with cancer and to compare DA differences in demographic data. METHODOLOGY: This research was a secondary data analysis. The participants were 363 Thai Buddhists with cancer, recruited using multistage sampling method. Data were collected using the Buddhist Death Acceptance Scale, reliability coefficient. .82. Data were analyzed using T-Tests and Two-Way ANOVA. RESULTS: The participants had high levels of DA. Age and stage of cancer had main effects on DA. DISCUSSION: This study highlighted the significant demographic differences with regard to DA levels among Thai Buddhists with cancer. Interventions include determining the patient's DA level, or offering patients and their families advance care plans. Nurses can then explore DA with patients, particularly those with life-limiting illnesses to ease their patients' lives and foster a good death.

Public Reactions in Online Newspapers to Workplace Violence Against Nurses.

BACKGROUND: Nurses frequently suffer from workplace violence, but the public is often not fully aware of the situation because many events are not widely reported. METHODS: This study is an attempt to describe public perceptions of and reactions to reports of incidents of violence against nurses in online newspapers. Articles about such violence in Vietnamese online newspapers published from January to December 2019 as well as readers' comments on those articles were collected for thematic analysis. RESULTS: Nine assaults were reported in 152 articles, and 367 comments were left in the threads. The analysis found four themes: 1) proposing punishment, 2) showing sympathy, 3) being skeptical, and 4) taking gender into account. In particular, the audience called for stricter punishment of the assaulters and showed sympathy for the nurses. However, commenters' prior experiences with poor nursing services sometimes made them skeptical about the motivations of the attackers. Additionally, commenters saw the violence as a conflict between a man (assaulter) and a woman (assaultee) rather than between a client and a professional nurse. CONCLUSIONS: In general, the public showed support to nurses. Nurses should take advantage of this support to advocate improved policies and measures to protect themselves from violence at work.

Modulations of Cardiac Functions and Pathogenesis by Reactive Oxygen Species and Natural Antioxidants.

Homeostasis in the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cardiac myocytes plays a critical role in regulating their physiological functions. Disturbance of balance between generation and removal of ROS is a major cause of cardiac myocyte remodeling, dysfunction, and failure. Cardiac myocytes possess several ROS-producing pathways, such as mitochondrial electron transport chain, NADPH oxidases, and nitric oxide synthases, and have endogenous antioxidation mechanisms. Cardiac Ca2+-signaling toolkit proteins, as well as mitochondrial functions, are largely modulated by ROS under physiological and pathological conditions, thereby producing alterations in contraction, membrane conductivity, cell metabolism and cell growth and death. Mechanical stresses under hypertension, post-myocardial infarction, heart failure, and valve diseases are the main causes for stress-induced cardiac remodeling and functional failure, which are associated with ROS-induced pathogenesis. Experimental evidence demonstrates that many cardioprotective natural antioxidants, enriched in foods or herbs, exert beneficial effects on cardiac functions (Ca2+ signal, contractility and rhythm), myocytes remodeling, inflammation and death in pathological hearts. The review may provide knowledge and insight into the modulation of cardiac pathogenesis by ROS and natural antioxidants.

The effectiveness of knee osteoarthritis treatment by arthroscopic microfracture technique in combination with autologous bone marrow stem cells transplantation.

OBJECTIVE: We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of the treatment of knee osteoarthritis (OA) patients by using microfracture technique in combination with autologous bone marrow stem cell transplantation. METHODS: A clinical study was conducted between November 2011 and January 2015 and involved 46 patients (aged from 46 to 69) with primary knee OA grade II and III (according to Kellgren-Lawrence classification) at the Orthopedic Trauma Department, Vietnam-Germany Friendship Hospital. Patients were randomly assigned to receive knee arthroscopy and then bone-marrow stem cells from their pelvic bones via injection. RESULTS: The mean Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score of present pain decreased from 5.68 before surgery to 1.7 24 months after surgery. The mean preoperative Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) was 36.34 (± 3.13), which increased to 74.62 (± 2.86) 24 months after surgery. On the MRI scans, the average Noyes score decreased from 12 (± 1.46) to 7 (± 1.50). Cartilage volume increased on average from 0.4512 (± 0.26) cm3 to 0.5463 (± 0.29) cm3 12-24 months after surgery. CONCLUSION: Treatment of osteoarthritis by a combination of arthroscopic microfracture and transplantation of autologous bone-marrow stem cells was an invasive, safe and effective method which showed an improvement in the clinical symptoms (VAS score) and knee functions (KOOS points).

Estimation of the Population Size of Men Who Have Sex With Men in Vietnam: Social App Multiplier Method.

BACKGROUND: Although the prevalence of HIV among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Vietnam has been increasing in recent years, there are no estimates of the population size of MSM based on tested empirical methods. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to estimate the size of the MSM population in 12 provinces in Vietnam and extrapolate from those areas to generate a national population estimate of MSM. A secondary aim of this study was to compare the feasibility of obtaining the number of users of a mobile social (chat and dating) app for MSM using 3 different approaches. METHODS: This study used the social app multiplier method to estimate the size of MSM populations in 12 provinces using the count of users on a social app popular with MSM in Vietnam as the first data source and a questionnaire propagated through the MSM community using respondent-driven sampling as the second data source. A national estimation of the MSM population is extrapolated from the results in the study provinces, and the percentage of MSM reachable through online social networks is clarified. RESULTS: The highest MSM population size among the 12 provinces is estimated in Hanoi and the lowest is estimated in Binh Dinh. On average, 37% of MSM in the provinces surveyed had used the social app Jack'd in the last 30 days (95% CI 27-48). Extrapolation of the results from the study provinces with reliable estimations results in an estimated national population of 178,000 MSM (95% CI 122,000-512,000) aged 15 to 49 years in Vietnam. The percentage of MSM among adult males aged 15 to 49 years in Vietnam is 0.68% (95% CI 0.46-1.95). CONCLUSIONS: This study is the first attempt to empirically estimate the population of MSM in Vietnam and highlights the feasibility of reaching a large proportion of MSM through a social app. The estimation reported in this study is within the bounds suggested by the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS. This study provides valuable information on MSM population sizes in provinces where reliable estimates were obtained, which they can begin to work with in program planning and resource allocation.

Arthroscopic fixation of ACL avulsion fracture in the saint pault hospital: A review of treatment outcomes: Cohort study.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this research is to evaluate the results of arthroscopic suture fixation with fiber wires used as treatment for ACL avulsion fracture, and to determine how effective such a technique is when it comes to restoring of knee function. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This prospective study involves 28 patients, who underwent arthroscopic fixation of displaced ACL avulsion fractures at Saint Paul Hospital (Hanoi) from January 2014 to March 2018. RESULTS: The first three weeks were not marked with any abnormalities associated with post-operative sutures and hematomas, infectious complications were not detected either. Post-operative displacement of fracture fragments did not take place among the patients involved in the study. At the 3-month follow-up, the average IKDC score was 90.7 (range: 76-100), and the average Lysholm score was 93.6 (range 82-100). The percentage of excellent scores was 42.9% (12 patients), good scores accounted for 50% (14 patients), while fair/poor scores accounted for 3.6% each (1 patient on each score). The percentage of excellent/good scores was 92.9% in total. CONCLUSION: This study shows that ACL avulsion fracture can be treated effectively by arthroscopic suture fixation with fiber wires. In fact, this technique may restore knee function and stability.

Death Acceptance in Vietnamese Cancer Patients: A Phenomenological Study.

INTRODUCTION: To date, death acceptance is not well investigated in the Vietnamese population. Cultural influences may affect death acceptance. The purpose of this phenomenological study is to describe Vietnamese cancer patients' lived experience with death acceptance. METHOD: Eleven Vietnamese patients with various cancer diagnoses participated in the study. Data were analyzed using the Giorgian method of data analysis. RESULTS: Themes of death acceptance found were (1) accepting destiny, (2) knowing and sacrificing the self, (3) believing in living persons and handing over responsibilities, (4) accepting death while continuing to fight for life, and (5) looking for a "role model death." DISCUSSION: Death acceptance is a contextually bound concept, which needs further investigation. To help patients with their death acceptance, nurses should include spiritual support and the involvement of loved ones in patients' care plans.

Using Online Respondent Driven Sampling for Vietnamese Youths' Alcohol Use and Associated Risk Factors.

OBJECTIVES: The average alcohol consumption per capita among Vietnamese adults has consistently increased. Although alcohol-related disorders have been extensively studied, there is a paucity of research shedding light on this issue among Internet users. The study aimed to examine the severity of alcohol-related disorders and other associated factors that might predispose individuals towards alcohol usage in a sample of youths recruited online. METHODS: An online cross-sectional study was conducted with 1,080 Vietnamese youths. A standardized questionnaire was used. Respondent-driven sampling was applied to recruit participants. Multivariate logistic and Tobit regressions were utilized to identify the associated factors. RESULTS: About 59.5% of the males and 12.7% of the total youths declared that they were actively using alcohol. From the total sample, a cumulative total of 32.3% of the participants were drinking alcohol, with 21.8% and 25.0% of the participants being classified as drinking hazardously and binge drinkers, respectively. The majority of the participants (60.7%) were in the pre-contemplative stage. CONCLUSIONS: A high prevalence of hazardous drinking was recognized among online Vietnamese youths. In addition, we found relationships between alcohol use disorder and other addictive disorders, such as tobacco smoking and water-pipe usage. Our results highlighted that the majority of the individuals are not receptive to the idea of changing their alcohol habits, and this would imply that there ought to be more government effort towards the implementation of effective alcohol control policies.

A causal model for fatigue in lung cancer patients receiving chemotherapy.

PURPOSE: This study explored a causal model explaining fatigue in lung cancer patients currently undertaking Chemotherapy. METHOD: In this cross-sectional study, a convenience sample of 246 lung cancer patients were recruited from six Oncology centers throughout the north of Vietnam. The hypothesized model, consisting of insomnia, dyspnea, cough, anxiety, stage of disease, physical activity, nutritional status, and number of completed chemotherapy cycles, was constructed based on Piper's Integrated Fatigue Model and a review of the literature. RESULTS: All factors, except the number of completed chemotherapy cycles significantly affected fatigue. The hypothesized model explained 42.9% of fatigue variance. Dyspnea had the largest total effect on fatigue (ß = 0.397, p < 0.01), followed by cough (ß = 0.343, p < 0.01), insomnia (ß = 0.318 (p < 0.01), and anxiety (ß = 0.115, p < 0.05). However, insomnia had the greatest direct effect on fatigue. There was also interplay among those four factors in determining fatigue. Physical activity and nutrition status had small effects on fatigue (ß = - 0.148, p < 0.01 and ß = - 0.156, p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: The model fits well to explain fatigue. Having the largest direct effect on fatigue, insomnia appeared as a factor of choice for future fatigue control programs. Due to its higher direct effect on fatigue, dyspnea was recommended over cough for fatigue management. Additionally, the interactions among fatigue, dyspnea, and cough suggested that comprehensive programs, which simultaneously address these three symptoms, would be a promising approach for practitioners to consider.

Difference in symptoms suggesting pulmonary tuberculosis among men and women.

Longer delays in diagnosis and lower case-detection of tuberculosis (TB) among women remain a problem in many countries. This study describes reported symptoms of new smear-positive pulmonary TB among men and women, and their association with TB diagnostic delays. All 1,027 new smear-positive pulmonary TB cases aged 15 years or over (757 men and 270 women) diagnosed by 23 district TB units of four provinces in Vietnam during 1996 were interviewed at the time of diagnosis. Among these, 540 patients diagnosed during January-June 1996 were followed up during treatment course. Pattern of symptoms was similar between the sexes. However, symptoms of cough (90.7% women, 94.7% men, P = .021), sputum expectoration (83.6% women, 89.9% men, P = .006), and hemoptysis (27.8% women, 34.9% men, P = .033) were less common among women than among men. Absence of cough and sputum expectoration was significantly associated with increased doctor's delays. Two months after treatment, cough and sputum expectoration recovered significantly more quickly among women compared to men.

Knowledge of tuberculosis and associated health-seeking behaviour among rural Vietnamese adults with a cough for at least three weeks.

AIMS: Good general lay knowledge of tuberculosis (TB), its cause and treatment is considered important for both prompt healthcare seeking and adherence to treatment. The main aim of this study was to describe the knowledge of TB among med and women with a cough for more than three weeks and to see how their health seeking related to TB knowledge. METHODS: A population-based survey was carried out within a demographic surveillance site in Vietnam. The study population included 35,832 adults aged 15 years or over. Cough cases were identified at household level and structures interviews were carried out with all cases of cough in person. RESULTS: A total of 559 people (1.6%) reported coughing with a duration of three weeks or longer (259 men and 300 women). A large proportion of individuals with a cough for more than three weeks had limited knowledge of the causes, transmission modes, symptoms, and curability of TB. Men had a significantly higher knowledge score than women (3.04 vs 2.55). Better knowledge was significantly related to seeking healthcare and seeking hospital care. More men than women did not take any health care action at all. DISCUSSION: Health education for TB thus seems to be useful, but efforts must be made to ensure that both men and women in different socioeconomic contexts can access the information.

Validity and completeness of death reporting and registration in a rural district of Vietnam.

AIMS: Assessment was made of the validity of mortality estimates based on data collected during 1999-2000 by quarterly follow-up visits and compared with other methods (re-census, communal death registration, and neighbourhood survey). METHODS: This study was carried out within a longitudinal epidemiological laboratory in Bavi, District, Vietnam (called FilaBavi), covering a sample of 11,089 households with 51,024 inhabitants. Deaths within FilaBavi during 1999-2000 were collected by four methods and compared: quarterly household follow-ups, the re-census carried out in 2001, the Commune Population Registration System (CPRS), and a neighbourhood survey. RESULTS: Within these four methods, a total of 471 deaths were detected in the FilaBavi sample. Quarterly household follow-ups detected 470 deaths (99.8%). The re-census missed 19 deaths, of which eight were infants, and two-thirds of the missed deaths fell in 1999. The CPRS missed 89 cases (19%), the majority being infant and elderly deaths. The neighbourhood survey over-reported deaths. CONCLUSIONS: Quarterly follow-ups were the best method for death registration. The re-census approach was less complete, with problems of recall bias. The completeness and quality of death registration by CPRS was low, especially for infant and elderly mortality.

Chest X-ray findings in relation to gender and symptoms: a study of patients with smear positive tuberculosis in Vietnam.

The aim of the study was to analyse chest X-ray (CXR) findings among men and women with smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). All new cases of smear positive pulmonary TB diagnosed during 6 months in 23 districts in Vietnam were included in a cross-sectional study. 366 cases fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Pleuritis was demonstrated in 17% of the men's CXR versus 3% of the women's, p = 0.002. A miliary pattern was seen in 11% of the men's CXR versus 3% of the women's, p = 0.04. Hilar adenopathy was common and equally distributed among men and women (65% vs 61%). Dyspnoea was common among patients with pleuritis (67%) and a miliary pattern (65%). The radiological findings were more advanced in men than women, despite a similar time from symptom onset to diagnosis. The primary manifestations of TB found among men were unexpected in this setting with an HIV prevalence <0.1% at the time. The association with other risk factors for TB in men needs further investigation. The less advanced CXR findings in women may correspond to a slower rate of progression to smear positive disease, which would have implications for the possibilities of women to obtain a timely TB diagnosis.

Reasons for not reporting deaths: a qualitative study in rural Vietnam.

This qualitative study explores socio-cultural and health systems factors that may impact on death reporting by lay people to registry systems at the commune level. Information on local perceptions of death and factors influencing death reporting were gathered through nine focus group discussions with people of different religions and ethnic affiliations in a rural district of northern Vietnam. Participants classified deaths as "elderly deaths," "young deaths," and "child deaths." Child deaths, including newborn deaths, used to be considered punishment for sins committed by ancestors, but this is no longer the case. Concepts of the human soul and afterlife differ between the Catholic and Buddhist groups, influencing funeral rituals and reporting, especially of infant deaths. Participants regarded elderly deaths as "natural" and "deserved," while young deaths were seen as either "good deaths" or "bad deaths." "Bad deaths" were defined as deaths of "dishonourable" persons who had led a "bad life" involving activities such as gambling, drinking or stealing. The causes of "bad deaths" and deaths due to stigmatized diseases (e.g., HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis and leprosy) were often concealed by the family. The study suggests that the risk of under-reporting deaths seems to be largest for deaths of infants and "bad deaths." Little awareness of regulations and lack of incentives for reporting or lack of sanctions for not reporting deaths also result in under-reporting of deaths. Therefore, education programs and enforcement of legal regulations on death notification should be emphasized. The risk of misreporting the real causes of "bad deaths" and deaths due to stigmatized diseases should be considered in verbal autopsy interviews. Using different sources of information (triangulation) is useful in order to minimize both under-registration and misreporting causes of death.