ABSTRACT
The use of invasive physiology methods in patients with renal dysfunction is not well elucidated. Our objective was to evaluate the in-hospital and long-term results of using intracoronary physiology to guide revascularization in patients with chronic kidney disease. In this retrospective study, we evaluated 151 patients from January 2018 to January 2022, divided into 2 groups: CKD (81 patients [114 lesions]) and non-CKD (70 patients [117 lesions]). The mean age was higher (p < 0.001), body mass index was lower (p = 0.007), contrast volume used was lower (p = 0.02) and the number of ischemic lesions/patients was higher (p = 0.005) in the CKD group. The primary outcomes (rate of major adverse cardiac events during follow-up, defined as death, infarction, and need for new revascularization) in the CKD and non-CKD groups were 22.07% and 14.92%, respectively (p = 0.363). There was a significant difference in the target lesion revascularization (TLR) rate (11.68%, CKD group vs. 1.49%, non-CKD group, p = 0.02), this initial statistical difference was not significant after adjusting for variables in the logistic regression model. There was no difference between the rates of death from all causes (6.49%, CKD group vs. 1.49%, non-CKD group, p = 0.15), reinfarction (3.89%, CKD group vs. 1.49%, non-CKD group, p = 0.394), and need for new revascularization (11.68%, CKD group vs. 5.97%, non-CKD group, p = 0.297). As there was no difference in the endpoints between groups with long-term follow-up, this study demonstrated the safety of using intracoronary physiology to guide revascularization in patients with CKD.
ABSTRACT
Introdução: Na síndrome coronariana aguda, o uso de múltiplos fármacos anticoagulantes e antiagregantes plaquetários contribui para o risco de sangramentos, incluindo aqueles da via de acesso vascular, particularmente no sexo feminino. O uso da artéria radial como via de acesso vascular mostrou reduzir a incidência de complicações. Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo, que incluiu pacientes com síndrome coronariana aguda submetidos a intervenções coronárias percutâneas por via radial, divididos de acordo com o sexo. Foram analisados os perfis dos pacientes, assim como as evoluções clínicas inicial e tardia. Resultados: Pacientes com síndrome coronariana aguda (n = 188) foram submetidos a intervenção coronária percutânea por acesso radial, sendo 34,6% mulheres. Os grupos não mostraram diferenças em relação às variáveis clínicas, com exceção do EuroSCORE e o clearence de creatinina, que caracterizaram um perfil um pouco mais complexo nas mulheres. Em relação às características angiográficas e do procedimento, não foram observadas diferenças em relação à maioria das variáveis. Dois terços dos pacientes tinham acometimento multiarterial, e as lesões tipo não C foram as mais tratadas. As taxas hospitalares de óbito (5,8% vs. 5,5%; p = 0,81), infarto do miocárdio (1,4% vs. 0; p = 0,76) e intervenção coronária percutânea de urgência (1,4% vs. 0; p = 0,76) foram semelhantes entre os grupos; os sangramentos graves foram raros (1,4% vs. 0; p = 0,76). Na evolução tardia, os eventos cardíacos maiores (18,3% vs. 17,1%; p = 0,67) foram semelhantes. Conclusões: Intervenção coronária percutânea por via radial mostrou-se tão efetiva nas mulheres quanto nos homens, no cenário da síndrome coronariana aguda, com alta taxa de sucesso e evolução clínica similar. Mostrou também ser segura, uma vez que os sangramentos foram eventos raros na população avaliada.
Background: In acute coronary syndrome, the use of multiple anticoagulation and antiplatelet drugs contributes to the risk of bleeding, including vascular access site bleeding, particularly in female patients. The use of the radial artery as a vascular access has shown to reduce the incidence of complications. Methods: Retrospective study including patients with acute coronary syndrome undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention by radial access, divided by gender. Patient profiles were analyzed, as well as the early and late outcomes. Results: Patients with acute coronary syndrome (n = 188) were submitted to percutaneous coronary intervention using the radial access and 34.6% of them were female. Clinical variables were similar between groups, except for the EuroSCORE and creatinine clearance, characterizing a slightly more complex profile in women. There were no differences in angiographic and procedure-related characteristics for most of the variables. Two thirds of the patients had multivessel disease and type non-C lesions were the most treated lesions. In-hospital death rates (5.8% vs. 5.5%; p = 0.81), myocardial infarction (1.4% vs. 0; p = 0.76) and emergency percutaneous intervention (1.4% vs 0; p = 0.76) were similar between groups and severe bleeding was rare (1.4% vs 0; p = 0.76). In the late follow-up, major adverse cardiac events (18.3% vs. 17.1%; p = 0.67) were similar. Conclusions: The transradial approach for per-cutaneous coronary intervention proved to be as effective in women as in men in the setting of acute coronary syndrome, with a high success rate and similar clinical outcomes. It also proved to be safe, since bleeding events were rare in the evaluated population.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Radial Artery/physiology , Percutaneous Coronary Intervention/methods , Men , Acute Coronary Syndrome/physiopathology , Acute Coronary Syndrome/therapy , Women , Hemorrhage/classification , Retrospective Studies , Sex Factors , Data Interpretation, Statistical , Stents , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
INTRODUÇÃO: A via radial é objeto de interesse crescente de cardiologistas intervencionistas, por oferecer diversas vantagens, entre elas a redução da taxa de sangramento e eventos cardíacos adversos maiores (ECAM). Entretanto, apesar de os idosos apresentarem maior risco de sangramento da via de acesso, a utilização da via radial é motivo de controvérsias, pela maior complexidade anatômica desses pacientes. MÉTODOS: Estudo retrospectivo, que incluiu pacientes submetidos a intervenção coronária percutânea (ICP) por via radial, divididos nos grupos idoso (> 65 anos) e não-idoso (< 65 anos). Foram analisados os perfis clínico, angiográfico e do procedimento, além da evolução tanto inicial como tardia. RESULTADOS: No grupo idoso foram incluídos 131 pacientes (145 ICPs) e no grupo não-idoso, 149 pacientes (176 ICPs). O grupo idoso apresentou mais frequentemente menor índice de massa corporal e de tabagistas, e maiores taxas de insuficiência renal crônica, doença arterial periférica, quadros clínicos estáveis, doença multiarterial e lesões calcificadas. Não houve diferença nas taxas de troca de via de acesso (4,8% vs. 3,4%), tempo de fluoroscopia (15,3 ± 10,3 minutos vs. 16,1 ± 10,3 minutos), tempo do procedimento (40,6 ± 26,4 minutos vs. 46,4 ± 53,6 minutos), sucesso tanto angiográfico (96,3% vs. 97,5%) como clínico (94,5% vs. 95,4%), ECAM (3,4% vs. 3,4%) e sangramentos (0,21% vs. 0,6%) na fase hospitalar. No seguimento tardio também não houve diferença nas taxas de ECAM (9,6% vs. 11%). CONCLUSÕES: Apesar da maior complexidade tanto clínica como angiográfica, a realização de ICP por via radial em idosos é segura e eficaz, com elevado índice de sucesso do procedimento e baixa taxa de complicações hospitalares e tardias.
BACKGROUND: Radial access is the object of increasing interest for interventional cardiologists, providing several advantages, including a reduction of bleeding and major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE) rates. However, even though elderly patients have a greater risk of access site bleedings, the use of the radial approach is controversial, due to the greater anatomical complexity of these patients. METHODS: Retrospective study including patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCIs) using the radial access divided into an elderly (> 65 years) and a non-elderly (< 65 years) group. Clinical, angiographic and procedural characteristics as well as early and late follow-up outcomes were analyzed. RESULTS: The elderly group included 131 patients (145 PCIs) and the non-elderly group, 149 patients (176 PCIs). The elderly group presented lower body mass index and fewer smokers and higher rates of chronic renal failure, peripheral arterial disease, stable coronary artery disease, multivessel disease and calcified lesions. There was no difference in the rate of access-site crossover (4.8% vs. 3.4%), fluoroscopy time (15.3 ± 10.3 minutes vs. 16.1 ± 10.3 minutes), procedure time (40.6 ± 26.4 minutes vs 46.4 ± 53.6 minutes), angiographic (96.3% vs 97.5%) and clinical (94.5% vs 95.4%) success, MACE (3.4% vs 3.4%) and bleedings (0.21% vs 0.6%) during hospitalization. In the late follow-up there was no difference in the MACE rates (9.6% vs 11%). CONCLUSIONS: Despite the greater clinical and angiographic complexity, PCI using the radial access is safe and effective, with a high procedural success rate and low in-hospital and late follow-up complication rates.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Radial Artery/surgery , Percutaneous Coronary Intervention/methods , Coronary Angiography/methods , Hospital Care , Myocardial Infarction , Prospective Studies , Stents , Thrombosis/complicationsABSTRACT
INTRODUÇÃO: A via radial é objeto de interesse crescente de cardiologistas intervencionistas, por oferecer diversas vantagens, entre elas a redução da taxa de sangramento maior, associado a maior risco de morte e eventos isquêmicos. Entretanto, sua utilização como via de acesso na intervenção coronária percutânea (ICP) primária é motivo de controvérsias, pela maior complexidade do procedimento e pelo possível retardo para se obter a reperfusão miocárdica, quando comparada à via femoral. MÉTODOS: Estudo retrospectivo, que incluiu pacientes consecutivos com diagnóstico de infarto agudo do miocárdio com supradesnivelamento do segmento ST (IAMCSST) submetidos a ICP primária por via radial. Foram analisados os perfis clínico, angiográfico e do procedimento, assim como a evolução tanto inicial como tardia. RESULTADOS: Entre outubro de 2010 e fevereiro de 2012, 61 pacientes foram submetidos a ICP primária por via radial. A média de idade foi de 59 ± 11,1 anos, 24,6% eram do sexo feminino e 21,3% eram diabéticos. O tempo porta-balão foi de 126,1 ± 44,7 minutos, o tempo de fluoroscopia foi de 16,1 ± 9,5 minutos, o sucesso angiográfico foi alcançado em 98,5%, com obtenção de blush miocárdico graus 2 ou 3 em 77,4%, e resolução do segmento ST > 50% aos 90 minutos em 70,5% dos pacientes. A mortalidade hospitalar foi de 6,6% e a taxa de sangramento grave foi de 1,6%. Na evolução tardia, reestenose clínica ocorreu em 7,2% e óbitos adicionais, em 3,5% dos pacientes. CONCLUSÕES: A utilização da via radial para ICP primária é segura e eficaz quando realizada em serviços familiarizados com a técnica, não apresentou retardo para a reperfusão, comparativamente a dados históricos, e demonstrou baixo risco de sangramento maior.
BACKGROUND: Radial access is the object of increasing interest for interventional cardiologists, providing several advantages, including the reduced rates of major bleeding, which is related to increased risk of death and ischemic events. However, its role as an access technique in primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) remains controversial due to the greater complexity of the procedure and possible delay in obtaining myocardial reperfusion, compared to femoral access. METHODS: Retrospective study including consecutive patients with a diagnosis of ST-elevation acute myocardial infarction (STEMI) undergoing primary PCI by radial access. Clinical, angiographic and procedure characteristics were analyzed, as well as early and late follow-up outcomes. RESULTS: From October 2010 to February 2012, 61 patients underwent primary PCI by radial access. Mean age was 59 ± 11.1 years, 24.6% were female and 21.3% were diabetic. Door-to-balloon time was 126.1 ± 44.7 minutes, fluoroscopy time was 16.1 ± 9.5 minutes, angiographic success was achieved in 98.5%, with myocardial blush grades 2 and 3 in 77.4% and ST-segment elevation resolution > 50% at 90 minutes in 70.5% of the patients. Hospital mortality was 6.6% and the rate of major bleeding was 1.6%. In the late follow-up, clinical restenosis was observed in 7.2% and additional deaths in 3.5% of the patients. CONCLUSIONS: The use of radial access for primary PCI is safe and effective when performed at experienced centers and did not present delayed reperfusion when compared to historical data, showing low risk of major bleeding.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Angioplasty/methods , Angioplasty , Radial Artery/surgery , Hemorrhage/complications , Myocardial Infarction/complications , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
A escleroterapia com microespuma vem sendo utilizada amplamente no tratamento da doença venosa varicosa. No entanto, a despeito da sua pouca invasividade e segurança, complicações potencialmente graves e letais já foram descritas, como o acidente vascular cerebral e parada cardiorrespiratória. Descrevemos um caso de embolia atrial tardia de trombo flutuante da junção safeno-femoral de veia safena magna varicosa, após escleroterapia com microespuma de polidocanol guiada por ultrassom, e o tratamento dessa complicação.
Microfoam sclerotherapy has been widely used in the treatment of varicose vein disease. However, despite its low invasiveness and safety, potentially serious and lethal complications have been described, such as stroke and cardiorespiratory arrest. We describe a case of delayed atrial embolism of floating thrombus in the saphenofemoral junction of a great saphenous varicose vein after microfoam ultrasound-guided sclerotherapy, as well as the treatment of this complication.