Case-Control Study on the Interaction Effects of rs10757278 Polymorphisms at 9p21 Locus and Traditional Risk Factors on Coronary Heart Disease in Xinjiang, China.

OBJECTIVE: To study the interaction effects of rs10757278 polymorphisms at 9p21 locus and traditional risk factors on coronary heart disease (CHD) in Xinjiang, China. METHODS: This case-control study consecutively enrolled 310 unrelated consecutive CHD patients aged 18-70 years old. All study participants were recruited between January and December 2017 from The Heart Center of The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University. CHD patients were confirmed by coronary angiography (≥50% diameter stenosis in at least one of the major coronary arteries) according to the American Heart Association criteria for the confirmation of CHD. Healthy subjects were randomly selected from the occupational population, who received physical examination in our hospital and matched to cases on the basis of age (±3 years) and sex, those without medical history of cardiovascular diseases, and 536 subjects were selected as the control group after medical history inquiry, physical examination, cardiac ultrasound, electrocardiogram, and other blood biochemical examinations in the hospital. The occupational stress was evaluated by an effort-reward imbalance questionnaire. An epidemiological survey was conducted to collect clinical data. Chi-squared test, analysis of variance, and binary logistic regression analysis were adopted. RESULTS: Both the case and the control groups showed significant difference in smoking, drinking, physical activity, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, family history of CHD, and body mass index (BMI) (all P < 0.05); prevalence of CHD was not related to occupational stress. There was no significant difference in occupational stress level between the 2 groups (P > 0.05); Differences in rs10757278 genotype between the case group and the control groups were statistically significant; binary logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the risk factors of CHD. After adjustment for age and sex, significant increased risk effects for CHD were found to be associated with smoking [odds ratio (OR) = 2.311; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.04-2.499; P < 0.001], physical exercise (OR = 1.365; 95% CI: 1.137-1.639; P < 0.001), hypertension (OR = 4.627; 95% CI: 2.165-10.764; P < 0.001), family history of CHD (OR = 4.103; 95% CI: 3.169-6.892; P < 0.001), BMI (OR = 2.484; 95% CI: 2.036-3.03; P < 0.001), and GG genotype at rs10757278 (OR = 1.978; 95% CI: 1.413-2.769; P < 0.001); We noted that a significant interaction association between GG genotype at rs10757278 and CHD differs across categories of smoking, hypertension, family history of CHD, and BMI. CONCLUSION: GG genotype at rs10757278 may be a risk factor for CHD. And there are interaction effects between GG genotype of rs10757278 in region 9p21 gene and traditional risk factors.

Association of GGCX gene polymorphism with warfarin dose in atrial fibrillation population in Xinjiang.

OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of γ-glutamyl carboxylase (GGCX) rs2592551 polymorphism on warfarin dose in atrial fibrillation patients in Xinjiang region. METHODS: Polymerase chain reaction - restriction fragment length polymorphism and direct sequencing methods were used to detect the rs2592551 genotype in 269 atrial fibrillation patients with warfarin administration. The effects of different genotypes on warfarin dose were statistically analyzed. RESULTS: The rs2592551 polymorphism detection results were 136 cases of wild-type homozygous CC genotype (50.56%), 115 cases of heterozygous CT genotype (42.75%), 18 cases of homozygous TT genotype (6.69%). The allele frequency C was 71.93%, T was 28.07%. The stable warfarin dose average was 2.86 ± 0.61 mg/d in patients with CC genotype, 3.59 ± 0.93 mg/d in patients with CT genotype and 4.06 ± 0.88 mg/d in patients with TT genotype. The warfarin dose in different genotypes were compared, there was statistically significant difference between CC and TT, CC and CT (P <0. 05), but the TT and CT showed no significant difference (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: In atrial fibrillation population in Xinjiang, patients with CT and TT genotypes in GGCX gene rs259251 loci required for significantly higher warfarin dose than those with CC genotype. Therefore, rs2592551 polymorphism may one of the factors affecting the warfarin dose in patients with atrial fibrillation.

[The prevalence and distributing feature of atrial fibrillation in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Kazaks adult population].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prevalence and distributing feature of atrial fibrillation (AF) in Xinjiang Kazaks adult population. METHODS: Four-stage selected random samples aged 30-89 years from Tacheng, Yili and Aletai were analyzed. An epidemical study of AF was performed including inquiring medical history, recording electrocardiogram and auscultation. RESULTS: A total of 22 514 adults were surveyed. The prevalence of AF in Xinjiang Kazaks adult population was 0.37%, which was increasing with aging. The prevalence was higher in men than in women (0.5% vs 0.2%, P < 0.01). In AF patients, 23 was valvular AF. Ischemic stroke was the most frequent type and the stroke rate in the patients with AF was significantly higher than that without AF (6.0% vs 1.2%, P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of AF in Xinjiang Kazaks adult population is lower than the reported national prevalence but patients with AF in this population would not like to take the necessary medicine. Therefore, the control of AF need to be reinforced.

Correlation between Occupational Stress and Coronary Heart Disease in Northwestern China: A Case Study of Xinjiang.

OBJECTIVE: To study the correlation between occupational stress and coronary heart disease in western China. METHOD: A case-control design was used. From June 2016 to May 2017, 310 patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) confirmed by coronary angiography (CAG) at the Heart Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University were recruited by cluster sampling, along with 536 healthy controls. The questionnaire was developed based on a Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). An epidemiological survey was conducted to collect clinical data. Chi-squared test, analysis of variance, and binary logistic regression analysis were adopted. RESULTS: (1) In the Han population, there were statistically significant differences in the composition of smoking, diets, sleep duration, sleep quality, and physical activity between two groups (all P < 0.05). In the Uygur population, statistically significant differences in the composition of smoking, drinking, diets, sleep quality, and physical activity were found between two groups (all P < 0.05). (2) Differences in sleep duration and physical activity between the Han and Uygur case groups were statistically significant (P < 0.05). (3) Differences in Gensini scores between the Han and Uygur case groups were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Differences in coronary artery lesions between the Han and Uygur case groups were statistically significant (P < 0.05). (4) In the Uygur population, the difference between the occupational stress level and CHD were statistically significant (P < 0.05). (5) The differences between the number of different pathological changes and the level of occupational stress in the Han and Uygur case groups were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). In the Han and Uygur case groups, the difference between the occupational stress level and Gensini high-level group were statistically significant (P < 0.05). (6) After adjustment for age and sex, significant increased risk effects for Han patients with CHD were found to be associated with sleep quality (OR = 1.88; 95% CI: 1.047-1.782; P < 0.05). Uygur patients with CHD was significantly associated with smoking (OR = 3.094; 95% CI: 1.025-1.103; P < 0.05) and occupation stress (OR = 1.523; 95% CI: 1.757-3.062; P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Occupational stress is correlated with CHD for the Uygur population.

Association between aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2) -344C/T polymorphism and atrial fibrillation among Han and Kazak residents of the Xinjiang region.

OBJECTIVES: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is one the most common and complex types of clinical arrhythmia syndromes. In recent years, an association between CYP11B2 gene polymorphisms and atrial myocardial fibrosis has received a significant amount of attention. This study explores the relationship between CYP11B2 gene-344C/T polymorphism and AF among Kazak and Han residents in the Xinjiang region and further clarifies the molecular mechanisms of atrial fibrillation. METHODS: The study is a case-control study using traditional methods. We selected 156 Kazak and 203 Han patient cases in the Xinjiang region who had non-valvular atrial fibrillation as well as 307 Kazak and 418 Han cases of non-AF patients as a control group. Blood samples were collected, and DNA was extracted from the peripheral blood samples. The presence of the CYP11B2 gene-344C/T polymorphism was determined using polymerase chain reaction-restriction enzyme fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Differences in the genotypes and allele distributions among the 2 groups were compared using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) 17.0 statistical software. Student's t test, the chi-squared test and logistic regression methods were used for the data analysis. RESULTS: The genotypes of both ethnic groups followed a Hardy-Weinberg genetic equilibrium distribution. The 2 patient groups, compared with their respective control groups, showed significant dominant models in CYP11B2 gene-344C/T polymorphism genotype frequency and B1 allele frequency (P<0.05). The frequencies of the CYP11B2 gene-344C/T polymorphism in the Kazak patient group were higher compared with the control groups (P<0.05). The frequencies of the CYP11B2 gene-344C/T polymorphisms in the Han patient group was also higher compared with the control group (P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that the frequencies of the CYP11B2 gene-344C/T genotypes were significantly different between the Kazak and Han patient groups and the control groups. CONCLUSION: CYP11B2 gene -344C/T polymorphism is associated with AF.

TGF-ß1 signal pathway in the regulation of inflammation in patients with atrial fibrillation.

OBJECTIVE: To observe the expression changes of inflammatory markers TGF-ß1, Smad3 and IL-6 in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF), and to explore the significance of TGF-ß1 signaling pathway in the structural remodeling of AF. METHODS: The expression of TGF-ß1, Smad3 and IL-6 in 50 cases with AF and 30 normal cases were detected by RT-PCR and ELISA. RESULTS: The TGF-ß1, Smad3 and IL-6 mRNA and protein expression levels in patients with AF were significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05), but there was no significantly different between the paroxysmal AF group and the persistent AF group (P>0.05). The TGF-ß1mRNA expression in the ⩾ 50 years subgroup was significantly higher than that in the <50 years subgroups, and it was higher in the NYHA III subgroup than in the I/II grade subgroup. It was also higher in the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) <50% subgroup than in LVEF ⩾ 50% group, and it was significantly higher in the AF time ⩾ 36 months subgroup than that in <36 months subgroup (P<0.05). The Smad3 and IL-6 expressions in the in the LVEF <50% subgroup were both high that than that in LVEF ⩾ 50% group, and higher in the AF time ⩾ 36 months subgroup than that in <36 months subgroup (P<0.05). There were a positive correlation between TGF-ß1, Smad3 and IL-6 (r=0.687, r=0.547). There were also a positive correlation between Smad3 and IL-6 mRNA (r=0.823). CONCLUSIONS: AF is associated with inflammation, and the inflammation is also involved in the fibrillation and sustain of AF. The TGF-ß1 signal pathway may be involved in the process of atrial structural remodeling in patients with AF, and iss related with the occurrence and maintenance of AF.

[Electrocardiogram Minnesota codings from 30 000 adult cases with Kazakh ethnicity in Xinjiang, China].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the abnormal Minnesota code (MC) distribution and interrelated characteristic on electrocardiograms (ECGs) of the adult Kazakh population. METHODS: Resting ECGs and blood press of randomly sampled 30 000 adult Kazakh people in three Northern regions of Xinjiang were continuously examined and analyzed, using Minnesota code recommended by WHO as the classification of ECG. RESULTS: The overall rate of abnormal ECG findings was 248.60 per thousand, and the main abnormality in males was 146.83 per thousand, compared to 157.71 per thousand in females. The prevalence rates of abnormal ST-T changes, the total arrhythmia and atrial fibrillation (AF) were 100.03 per thousand, 71.17 per thousand and 2.83 per thousand respectively. There were statistically significant differences among the main abnormities from the three regions. CONCLUSION: The ECGs abnormalities of adult Kazakh people were high. There was significant relation found between the main abnormalities and hypertension. The prevalence of AF was different from the domestically reported literature that calls for further study.