Further studies on the antiviral activity of alloferon and its analogues.

The subject of our studies was the synthesis, biological evaluation, and conformational studies of insect tridecapeptide alloferon (H-His-Gly-Val-Ser-Gly-His-Gly-Gln-His-Gly-Val-His-Gly-OH) and its analogues such as: [des-His(1) ]-, [Lys(1) ]-, [Arg(1) ]-, and [Ala(1) ]-alloferon. These peptides were synthesized to check the influence of the His residue at position 1 of the alloferon chain on its antiviral activity. Two aspects of the biological effects of these peptides were determined: (i) the cytotoxicity in vitro in the Vero, LLC-MK2, and HEp-2 cell lines, and (ii) the antiviral activity in vitro in respect to DNA and RNA viruses. We found that alloferon inhibited the herpes virus multiplication and failed to affect the coxsackie virus replication, whereas [Lys(1) ]-alloferon exhibited a high inhibitory action towards both viruses. Moreover, the peptides did not show any cytotoxic activity against the Vero, LLC-MK2, and HEp-2 cells. The preliminary circular dichroism conformational studies showed that the peptides investigated seem to prefer an unordered conformation.

Studies of insect peptides alloferon, Any-GS and their analogues. Synthesis and antiherpes activity.

The subject of these studies was synthesis and determination of biological properties of a series of insect peptides, such as alloferon, Any-GS and their analogues. The synthesis of 14 peptides was performed by the solid-phase method. Biological effect of these peptides was evaluated by the antiviral test against Human Herpes Virus type 1 (HHV-1) in vitro using a Vero cell line. It was found that the investigated peptides inhibit the replication of HHV-1 in Vero cells.

[Application of real-time PCR assay for investigating the presence of herpes simplex virus type 1 DNA]. / Zastosowanie techniki real-time PCR do wykrywania DNA ludzkiego wirusa opryszczki typu 1.

Herpes simplex virus type 1 is a member of the Alphaherpesviridae subfamily, as it can infect both skin and nerves and develop latent infection within the dorsal root and trigeminal ganglia. Infection with this virus is common and causes a wide range of clinical syndromes. Although HSV-1 infect healthy children and adults, disease is more severe and extensive in the immunocompromised individuals. The goal of the study was development of real-time PCR assay for detection of herpes simplex virus type 1 DNA in clinical samples, using primers targeting a conserved region of the viral DNA glycoprotein G gene and a specific TaqMan hydrolyzing probe. The analytical sensitivity of assay was tested using serial dilutions of HSV-1 DNA in range between 10(0) and 10(-6) (4,35 x 10(5) - 4,00 x 10(1) copies/ml). Fifteen cell line isolates and twenty plasma samples taken from a group of adult recipients of allogeneic HSCT were tested for the presence of HSV-1 DNA in the LightCycler system. For comparison commercial quantitative HSV-1/2 LC PCR Kit (Artus/Qiagen) was used, according to the manufacturer's instructions. Both LightCycler assays, including in-house real-time PCR, detected HSV-1 DNA in 23 specimens. The conclusion is that developed TaqMan-based probe real-time PCR test is very reliable and valuable for detection of HSV-1 viremia in different kind of samples. The high level of sensitivity and accuracy provided by the LightCycler instrument is favorable for the use of this method in the detection of herpes simplex virus 1 DNA also in clinical specimens.

[Development of a novel real-time PCR method for detection of HSV types 1 and 2 DNA using HybProbe chemistry]. / Wykrywanie oraz roznicowanie wirusów opryszczki typu 1 i 2 metoda real-time PCR z wykorzystaniem sond HybProbe.

Herpes simplex viruses types 1 and 2 are members of the Alphaherpesviridae subfamily, as they can infect both skin and nerves and develop latent infection within the dorsal root and trigeminal ganglia. Infections with these viruses are common worldwide and cause wide range of clinical syndromes. Although HSV-1/2 infect healthy children and adults, disease is more severe and extensive in the immunocompromised individuals and/or during neuroinfections. The aim of the study was development of real-time PCR assay for detection and differentiation of herpes simplex viruses type 1 and 2. DNA in clinical samples, using specific dual-channel HybProbe chemistry. The nalytical sensitivity of assay was tested using serial dilutions of HSV-1 and HSV-2 DNA in range between 10 degrees and 10(-5). (4.35 x 10(5)-4.00 x 10(2) copies/ml and 4.18 x 10(5)-3.82 x 10(2) copies/ml, respectively). Thirty four cell line isolates and sixteen clinical samples taken from a group of adult patients with neurological signs were tested for the presence of HSV-1/2 DNA in the LightCycler instrument. Described in-house real-time PCR assay detected herpesviral DNA in all cell line isolates (31 of them were HSV-1 positive; 3 were HSV-2 positive) and in 10 clinical samples (positive only for HSV-1). The conclusion is that developed HybProbe-based real-time PCR test is very reliable and valuable tool for detection and differentiation of HSV-1/2 viremia in different kind of samples. The high level of sensitivity and accuracy provided by this assay is favorable for the quantification of herpes simplex virus 1 and 2 DNA in clinical specimens, especially during low-copy infections.

Bacterial infections in the early period after liver transplantation: etiological agents and their susceptibility.

BACKGROUND: The study comprises an analysis of bacterial infections in the early period after liver transplantation (LT) in adults. MATERIAL/METHODS: Eighty-three patients were followed for four weeks after LT. Samples comprised mainly blood, urine, surgical-site specimens, sputum, and stool. Culture and identification of the isolated microorganisms was done in accordance with standard microbiological procedures. Susceptibility testing was carried out using CLSI guidelines. Statistical analysis was done with Medi-Stat. RESULTS: In total, 913 samples from LT recipients were cultured. Of the 469 isolated strains, 331 (70.6%) were Gram-positive bacteria, 133 (28.4%) were Gram-negative bacteria, and 5 (1.0%) were yeast-like fungal strains. Of the 284 surgical-site isolates, 222 (78%) were Gram-positive and 61 (21.5%) were Gram-negative bacteria. Of the 99 blood culture isolates, 75 (75.8%) were Gram-positive and 22 (22.2%) of Gram-negative bacterial strains. Of the 73 urine samples, 46 (63.0%) were strains of Gram-negative, 25 (34.0%) of Gram-positive bacteria, and 2 (3.0%) fungal strains. In the 13 respiratory tract samples were 9 (69.0%) Gram-positive and 4 (31.0%) Gram-negative strains. In the 54 stool samples, 63.0% and 16.7% were C. difficile toxin- and culture-positive, respectively. In total, 138 strains of MRCNS, 10 of MRSA, 80 of HLAR, and 19 ESBL(+) were detected. CONCLUSIONS: The isolation of MDR bacterial strains such as MRSA (52.6%), MRCNS (81.7%), HLAR (86.0%), and ESBL(+) Gram-negative rods (12.5%) from patients after LT indicates the need for strict adherence to infection control procedures.

[Application of real-time PCR and LightCycler system for investigating the presence of human herpesvirus 7 DNA]. / Zastosowanie metody real-time PCR i systemu LightCycler do wykrywania DNA ludzkiego herpeswirusa typu 7 (HHV-7).

Human herpesvirus 7 (HHV-7) is a beta-herpesvirus widely spread within a population and has been recognized as a potential pathogen in immunocompromised hosts. The goal of the study was development of real-time PCR assay for detection of human herpesvirus 7 DNA in clinical samples, using primers targeting a conserved region of the viral DNA major capside proteine gene and a specific TaqMan hydrolyzing probe. Sixty four plasma samples taken from a group of adult recipients of allogeneic HSCT, during detectable CMV viremia or neutropenic fever, were tested for the presence of viral DNA in the LightCycler system with method described above. HHV-7 DNA was detected in 40 specimens (62.5%). The conclusion is that developed TaqMan-based probes real-time PCR test is very reliable and valuable tool for detection of HHV-7 viremia in plasma samples. The high level of sensitivity and accuracy provided by the LightCycler instrument is favorable for the use of this method in the detection of human herpesvirus 7 DNA in clinical specimens.

[Frequency of detection of human herpesvirus type 6 DNA in patients of Public Independent Central Hospital in Warsaw in years 2003-2007]. / Czestosc wykrywania DNA ludzkiego herpeswirusa typu 6 u pacjentów Samodzielnego Publicznego Centralnego Szpitala Klinicznego w Warszawie w latach 2003-2007.

Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) has been recognized as a potential significant pathogen in haemopoietic stem cell transplant recipients. Different clinical manifestations have been described including fever, skin rash, bone marrow suppression and encephalitis. The aim of the study was to show frequency of presence of human herpesvirus type 6 DNA in patients of Public Independent Central Clinical Hospital in Warsaw in years 2003-2007. 1357 clinical samples taken from 71 a group of adult recipients of allogeneic HSCT were tested for the presence of HHV-6 DNA using the quantitative in-house real-time PCR assay. Positive results were obtained in 12.5% of all examinations made during described period and also in 35.2% of investigated patients. All of them developed fever of unknown origin, and over 50% had GvHD features. Nine individuals from this group died during detectable HHV-6 viremia.

Biofilm production by clinical strains of Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from patients hospitalized in two tertiary care hospitals.

Microbial biofilms are considered as virulence factors. During the present study, 34 clinical strains of Acinetobacter baumannii, isolated from patients hospitalized in two tertiary care hospitals, were examined for biofilm formation. These strains showed high variability in biofilm formation. Furthermore, no relation could be found between the ability of biofilm production and molecular type, carbapenem resistance, site of isolation of the clinical strains of A. baumannii and disease severity. Interestingly, in two cases an increase in biofilm formation could be detected in A. baumannii isolates cultured from the same patient upon prolonged hospitalization.

Prevalence of human herpesvirus 6 antibodies and DNA in allogeneic stem cell transplant patients: two-year single centre experience.

INTRODUCTION: Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) has been recognized as a potentially significant pathogen in hemopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients. Different clinical manifestations have been described, including fever, skin rash, bone marrow suppression, and encephalitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective review of a group of 26 adult recipients of allogeneic HSCTs was conducted. Serum samples taken before transplant were examined for the presence of specific anti-HHV-6 IgM and IgG antibodies. After transplantation, quantitative real-time PCR was used to determine viral load in plasma samples from days 0-180 post-transplant. RESULTS: HHV-6 DNA was detected in plasma samples in 8 (30%) of the 26 recipients between days 18 and 40 after transplantation. All of them developed fever of unknown origin and over 50% had graft-versus-host disease features. Three individuals from this group died during detectable HHV-6 viremia. Another two recipients showed a single positive PCR result at a later time. Infection with HHV-6 was thus confirmed in 10 (38.5%) of the 26 graft recipients. CONCLUSIONS: There is a high frequency of detectable HHV-6 viral load in stem cell transplant recipients in Poland. Further investigation to monitor HHV-6 reactivation in graft recipients will be important to improve outcome for these patients.

First isolation of Clostridium difficile PCR-ribotype 027/toxinotype III in Poland.

Of 175 Clostridium difficile strains isolated from patient hospitalized in one academic hospital in Warsaw between 2005-2006, one isolate belonged to PCR-ribotype 027/toxinotype III. This isolate had tcdA, tcdB, binary toxin genes (cdtA and cdtB), a 18-bp deletion and a 1 bp deletion at 117 position in the tcdC gene. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests revealed high level resistance to erythromycin, moxifloxacin and gatifloxacin. This is a first report of the 027 strain of C. difficile in Poland.

[Real-time PCR as an efficient tool for investigating the presence of human herpesvirus 6 DNA]. / Wykorzystanie metody Real-time PCR do wykrywania DNA ludzkiego herpeswirusa typu 6.

Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) is a beta-herpesvirus widely spread within a population and has been recognized as a potential significant pathogen in immunocompromised patients. Different clinical manifestations have been described including fever, skin rash, pneumonia, graft rejection and encephalitis. The goal of the study was development of real-time PCR assay for detection of human herpesvirus type 6 DNA in clinical samples, using primers targeting a conserved region of the viral DNA polymerase gene and a specific TaqMan hydrolyzing probe. The analytical sensitivity of assay was tested using serial dilutions of HHV-6 DNA in range between 10(0) and 10(-6). Thirty plasma samples taken from a group of adult recipients of allogeneic HSCT were tested for the presence of HHV-6 DNA in the LightCycler system. For comparison commercial quantitative MutaREAL HHV-6 kit (ALPCO) was used, according to the manufacturer's instructions. Both LightCycler assays, including in-house real-time PCR, detected HHV-6 DNA in 13 specimens. The conclusion is that developed TaqMan-based probes real-time PCR test is very reliable and valuable for detection of low-copy viremia in plasma samples. The high level of sensitivity and accuracy provided by the LightCycler instrument is favorable for the use of this method in the detection of HHV-6 DNA in clinical specimens.

[In vitro acyclovir and cidofovir susceptibilities of human herpesvirus type 1 clinical isolates]. / Analiza wrazliwosci in vitro klinicznych izolatów herpeswirusa czlowieka typu 1 (HIV-1) na acyklowir i cidofowir.

Infections with human herpesviruses types 1 and 2 (HHV-1 and HHV-2) are common worldwide and cause a wide range of signs and symptoms. Antiviral drugs, in particular aciclovir are used in therapy of herpetic infections. The aim of the study was determination of susceptibilities of HHV-1 isolates (n+46) for antiviral drugs (acyclovir and cidofovir) in vitro. Swabs taken from different lesions were used for infection of Vero cells and cythopathic effect was observed. Viruses from cell cultures with positive CPE were later identified with in-house PCR and efficacy of acyclovir and cidofovir in HHV-1 infected Vero cell monolayer cultures was tested by the yield reduction assay. Obtained data indicate, that aciclovir ID50 average value for HHV-1 clinical isolates was 0.74 microg/ml--the value about 10% greater then described in literature. Similarly in vitro analysis of sensitivity of viruses for cidofovir, shows that concentrating is over ten-fold higher in comparison for aciclovir.

[Modification and optimization of PCR methods for detection of MIE region from human herpesvirus 5]. / Modyfikacja i optymalizacja metod PCR do wykrywania regionu MIE ludzkiego herpeswirusa typu 5.

Human herpesvirus 5 (HHV-5, formerly known as CMV) is a beta-herpesvirus widely spread within a population. Thus, HHV-5 infections are a serious matter of concern in a group of immunocompromised patients. The goal of the study was modification and optimization of conventional PCR method developed for the detection of HHV-5 DNA to the real-time variant (RTmPCR) and determination of analytical resolution of the modified methods. Thirty plasma samples were tested for the presence of HHV-5 DNA using the LightCycler system with two different methods--one with SYBR Green I fluorochrome method and second one using TaqMan fluorescent probes and a qualitative in-house gel-stained PCR assay using primers that amplify part of HHV-5 MIE gene. The analytical sensitivity of real-time PCR assay was tested using serial dilutions of HHV-5 DNA in range between 10(0) and 10(-6). For comparison typical end-point detected PCR for cytomegalovirus detection with the same DNA dilutions was made. The sensitivity of novel method was about 100-fold higher than older one. Both LightCycler assays detected HHV-5 DNA in 27 samples, also which were negative by the gel-stained PCR. Analysis of the available clinical and serological data associated with these samples suggested that the real-time results in all of these cases were true positive. The conclusion is that real-time PCR methods are more sensitive than the conventional PCR used in this study. The additional sensitivity was valuable for detection of patients with low-copy viremia. The high level of sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and rapidity provided by the LightCycler instrument are favorable for the use of this system in the detection of HHV-5 DNA in clinical specimens.

[Assessment of the susceptibility of the gram-negative rods isolated from hospitalized patients to cefoperazone/sulbactam]. / Ocena wrazliwosci na cefoperazon/sulbaktam szczepów paleczek gram-ujemnych izolowanych od chorych hospitalizowanych.

The susceptibility to cefoperazone/sulbactam of 197 strains of Gram-negative rods demonstrating an ESBL-positive phenotype was determined. The assortment of the investigated strains was as follows (numbers of strains are given in the brackets): E. cloacae (63), S. marcescens (46), K. pneumoniae (21), P. mirabilis (17), E. coli (9), P. vulgaris (8), P. aeruginosa (20) and A. baumanni (13). 83 strains from 197 were susceptible (42.1%). The MIC values were determined and the disc-diffusion method was performed. The susceptibilities among particular species were as follows (the order of data in the brackets is: % of the susceptible strains/MIC50/MIC90): E. cloacae (54.0/16/64), S. marcescens (23.9/64/> or = 128), K. pneumoniae (38.1/32/64), P. mirabilis (41.2/32/64), E. coli (44.4/32/32), P. vulgaris (75.0/8/32), P. aeruginosa (35.0/32/64), A. baumannii (46.2/32/64). Using disc-diffusion method, for 184 strains the difference between diameter of the inhibition zone around the disc with cefoperazone and the disc with cefoperazone/sulbactam was calculated. This difference amounted 5 mm or more in the case of 76.6% of the investigated strains. The results indicate that the comparison of the inhibition zones around cefoperazone and cefoperazone/sulbactam discs may be an additional method useful for phenotypic detection of ESBL producing organisms. These results highly correlated with results obtained by using analogous test with cefpirome and cefpirome/clavulanic acid (85.6% of concordance).

Laboratory diagnosis of antibiotic-associated diarrhea: a Polish pilot study into the clinical relevance of Clostridium difficile and Clostridium perfringens toxins.

In the present study, we investigated the prevalence of the Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (CPEnt) in stool samples originally submitted for detection of Clostridium difficile toxins. Fifty-two fecal samples from inpatients were screened simultaneously for C. difficile and C. perfringens toxins: 75% of the specimens were positive for TcdA/TcdB toxins, 40% were positive for CPEnt, and 31% gave positive test results for both. It is interesting to note that only a relatively small number of C. perfringens isolates were positive for the cpe gene. All C. difficile strains were susceptible to metronidazole, but intermediate metronidazole resistance was documented for the C. perfringens isolates, which decreased upon in vitro passaging in the absence of metronidazole. We recommend that CPEnt detection should be included when diagnosing patients with presumed antibiotic-associated diarrhea.

Comparison of two methods used for monitoring low-copy cytomegalovirus infection in a patient with chronic myeloid leukemia after unrelated umbilical cord blood transplantation.

INTRODUCTION: Detection of human cytomegalovirus (CMV, HHV-5) DNA in clinical specimens is considered a cornerstone in the diagnosis of HHV-5 disease. The present study compared two quantitative methods used for diagnosing cytomegalovirus infection in a 21-year-old woman with chronic myeloid leukemia after an unrelated umbilical cord blood transplantation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Blood samples were tested for the presence of HHV-5 DNA using the LightCycler PCR, the quantitative Eclipse CMV DNA Detection Kit, and a qualitative in-house PCR assay using primers that amplify part of the HHV-5 MIE gene. RESULTS: Results from samples containing a low cytomegalovirus load were more accurate with the LightCycler test than those obtained with the Eclipse test, which underestimated the viral load of samples containing low DNA copy numbers. CONCLUSIONS: These findings underline the value of novel PCR methods used in current therapeutic procedures and in monitoring antiviral therapy with nucleoside analogs. The high level of sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and rapidity provided by the LightCycler instrument are favorable for the use of this system in the detection of HHV-5 DNA in clinical specimens.

[Survey of susceptibility of clinical Clostridium diffiicile strains isolated from patients hospitalised in different departments of paediatric hospital to antimicrobial agents]. / Przeglad wrazliwosci klinicznych szczepów Clostridium difficile izolowanych z przewodu pokarmowego dzieci hospitalizowanych w oddzialach pediatrycznych w warszawie na leki stosowane w lecznictwie szpitalnym.

This study was performed to determine the susceptibility of 50 C. difficile strains isolated from faecal samples of children suspected to antibiotic associated diarrhea (AAD) to antimicrobial agents: metronidazole, vancomycin, erythromycin, clindamycin, ciprofloxacin, moxifloksacin, gatifloksacin and imipenem. The all C. difficile strains were sensitived to metronidazole and vancomycin. Twenty six per cent of strains were resistant to erythromycin and clindamycin (MLS(B) type resistance). Resitance to ciprofloxacin, moxifloxacin, gatifloxacin and imipenem was detected in 98%, 8%, 8% and 30% of C. difficile strains, respectively.

[The correlation between phenotypes and genotypes of macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramins B resistance in Staphylococcus aureus]. / Korelacja genotypów i fenotypów opornoscina makrolidy, linkozamidy i streptograminy B u Staphylococcus aureus.

For 31 clinical strains of S. aureus the correlation between phenotype and genotype of resistance to macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramins B (MLSB) was established.. Phenotypes were determined on the basis of: susceptibility to erythromycin and clindamycin and the ability to an induction of the resistance (phenotypes S, susceptible; R , constitutive resistant, D, resistant after induction with erythromycin, D+, resistant after induction with erythromycin and with a presence of the small colonies inside inhibition zone between erythromycin and clindamycin discs), and on the basis of the resistance to spectinomycin (spR, resistant, spS, susceptible). Among examined S. aureus strains eight phenotypes of resistance to MLSB were recognized (the corresponding genotypes are given in brackets). Six phenotypes were typical: SspS (lack of MLS-B resistance genes), NEGspS (msrA/B, 1 strain), D+spS (ermCi, 4 strains),. DspR (ermAi, 11 strains and ermAi + msrA/B, 2 strains), RspR (ermAc, 4 strains and ermA + msrA/B,1 strain and ermA + ermC, 1 strain) and RspS (ermCc, 6 strains and ermB, 1 strain). Two rare phenotypes in two single strains were observed: SspR (ermAi, the strain with altered inducibility, inductor other than erythromycin) and DspS (ermAi, presumably mutation or lack of spc in Tn554).

[Antibmicrobial susceptibility of Serratia marcescens isolated from hospitalized patients in 2003 - 2005]. / Wrazliwosc na antybiotyki szczepów Serratia marcescens izolowanych od chorych hospitalizowanych w latach 2003 - 2005.

500 strains of Serratia marcescens isolated in 2003-2005 were examined for drug susceptibility. By using several phenotypic methods it was shown that 67.6% of these strains produced ESBLs. Strains ESBL(-) and ESBL(+) were compared, paying special attention to their susceptibility to various antibiotics. It was revealed that strains ESBL(+) were much more resistant to majority of the investigated drugs. The biggest differences were in the case of amikacin and gentamicin, sensitive about 50% of ESBL(-) and 10% of ESBL(+), ciprofloxacin, sensitive 42% of ESBL(-) and 6.3% of ESBL(+) and trimethoprim/ sulphametoxazole, sensitive 45.8% of ESBL(-) and 9.4% of ESBL(+). Strains ESBL(-) retained a high susceptibility to ceftazidime (68.9%) and cefepime (71%). All strains ESBL(-) as well as ESBL(+) were susceptible to imipenem and meropenem. 78.9% of ESBL(-) and 67.3% of investigated ESBL(+) were susceptible to piperacillin/ tazobactam.

[Estimation of activity of pharmakopeal disinfectants and antiseptics against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria isolated from clinical specimens, drugs and environment]. / Wrazliwosc wybranych szczepów bakterii Gram-ujemnych i Gram-dodatnich izolowanych z materialu klinicznego, leków i srodowiska, na farmakopealne zwiazki dezynfekcyjne i antyseptyczne.

The MIC of nine different disinfectants and antiseptics were determined for the Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Strains originated from clinical specimens, drugs and environment. A sensitivity was determined against chlorhexidinum digluconate (Gram-negative: 0,625-80 mg/L, Gram-positive: 0,3-10 mg/L), benzalconium chloride (Gram-negative: 2,5-1280 mg/L, Gram-positive: 1,25-20 mg/L), salicilic acid (Gram-negative and Gram-positive: 400-1600 mg/L), benzoic acid (Gram-negative: 800-1600 mg/L, Gram-positive: 400-1 600 mg/L), boric acid (Gram-negative: 800-12 800 mg/L, Gram-positive: 1 600-6400 mg/L), chloramine B (Gram-negative: 1600-6400 mg/L, Gram-positive:800- 6400 mg/L), jodine (Gram-negative: 200-1600 mg/L, Gram-positive: 200-1600 mg/L), etacridine lactate (Gram-negative: 40 do > 20480 mg/L, Gram-positive: 40-1280 mg/L) and resorcine (Gram-negative: 1600-6400 mg/L, Gram-positive: 800-6400 mg/L). Diversified values of MIC for different strains were obtained, especially in the case of benzalconium chloride, etacridine lactate, chlorhexidinum digluconate, boric acid and iodine. Strains isolated from environment were usually more susceptible to examined compounds than clinical strains. The biggest diversification of sensitivity was observed among strains originated from drugs where besides sensitive appeared strains characterizing by very high MIC values of some substances, eg. boric acid.