ABSTRACT
Background: Dysglycaemia, (diabetes mellitus, DM, and Prediabetes) and Hypertension (HTN) are two common non-communicable diseases that are closely linked. Cardiovascular risk profile and cardiovascular-related death rise significantly when they co-exist. A third of cases of diabetes mellitus amongst hypertensive patients are undiagnosed and most people who are newly diagnosed have a low level of awareness. This study is therefore designed to assess the prevalence of dysglycaemia and associated factors, among hypertensive patients attending our facility. Methodology: Clinical and laboratory information on 858 patients was extracted and analyzed. This includes sociodemographic variables such as age, sex, socioeconomic status, and level of physical activity. Also, family history of diabetes mellitus, the duration of hypertension as well as types of antihypertensives used by those already attending the clinic for hypertension care. Other variables were blood pressure, height, weight, waist and hip circumferences, and body mass index (BMI). Blood glucose and plasma lipid profile as well. Results: More than a quatre of the patients had prediabetes. Between 2% and 6.1% had diabetes mellitus using 2HPP and FBG respectively. Following cross-tabulation, dysglycaemia was significantly associated with age, duration of hypertension, body mass index, BMI, elevated total cholesterol, LDL as well as the use of beta blockers and thiazides. Conclusion: Dysglycaemias are common among hypertensive patients in Abuja. Age, duration of hypertension, body mass index, dyslipidemias, beta blocker, and thiazide use were positively associated with dysglycaemia. Screening for dysglycaemia is recommended for all hypertensive patients at the point of entry to care.
ABSTRACT
Stroke is a major cause of disability and mortality among the Nigerian general population and thought to be commoner after the fifth decade of life and usually driven by conventional risk factors which are mainly cardio metabolic. However, with the youthful population in a city such as Abuja, stroke could be a mode of presentation of HIV in young people who are also more sexually active. Methods. This is a case series, reporting four cases of HIV positive young Nigerians with stroke. Patients´ data were retrieved from ward admissions records. The patients here had their socio-demographic data taken. They had presented with documented varied clinical features including those suggestive of stroke, after which they had HIV screening done which returned positive. One thousand four hundred and eighty-seven (1487) patients, were admitted in the medical ward, over a three-year period. Female to male ratio of 1:1 in the HIV-positive group, with an age range of 32 to 42 years and an average age of 37.5 years. Stroke constituted 5.7% of all admissions, with stroke in the young accounting for 1.2%. Of all stroke cases, stroke in the young constituted 21.43%, with those who were HIV positive accounting for 4.8%. Young people with stroke should be offered an HIV screening test.