ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Collaboration for the Diagnosis and Evaluation of Acute Coronary Syndrome (CoDE-ACS) is a validated clinical decision support tool that uses machine learning with or without serial cardiac troponin measurements at a flexible time point to calculate the probability of myocardial infarction (MI). How CoDE-ACS performs at different time points for serial measurement and compares with guideline-recommended diagnostic pathways that rely on fixed thresholds and time points is uncertain. METHODS: Patients with possible MI without ST-segment-elevation were enrolled at 12 sites in 5 countries and underwent serial high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I concentration measurement at 0, 1, and 2 hours. Diagnostic performance of the CoDE-ACS model at each time point was determined for index type 1 MI and the effectiveness of previously validated low- and high-probability scores compared with guideline-recommended European Society of Cardiology (ESC) 0/1-hour, ESC 0/2-hour, and High-STEACS (High-Sensitivity Troponin in the Evaluation of Patients With Suspected Acute Coronary Syndrome) pathways. RESULTS: In total, 4105 patients (mean age, 61 years [interquartile range, 50-74]; 32% women) were included, among whom 575 (14%) had type 1 MI. At presentation, CoDE-ACS identified 56% of patients as low probability, with a negative predictive value and sensitivity of 99.7% (95% CI, 99.5%-99.9%) and 99.0% (98.6%-99.2%), ruling out more patients than the ESC 0-hour and High-STEACS (25% and 35%) pathways. Incorporating a second cardiac troponin measurement, CoDE-ACS identified 65% or 68% of patients as low probability at 1 or 2 hours, for an identical negative predictive value of 99.7% (99.5%-99.9%); 19% or 18% as high probability, with a positive predictive value of 64.9% (63.5%-66.4%) and 68.8% (67.3%-70.1%); and 16% or 14% as intermediate probability. In comparison, after serial measurements, the ESC 0/1-hour, ESC 0/2-hour, and High-STEACS pathways identified 49%, 53%, and 71% of patients as low risk, with a negative predictive value of 100% (99.9%-100%), 100% (99.9%-100%), and 99.7% (99.5%-99.8%); and 20%, 19%, or 29% as high risk, with a positive predictive value of 61.5% (60.0%-63.0%), 65.8% (64.3%-67.2%), and 48.3% (46.8%-49.8%), resulting in 31%, 28%, or 0%, who require further observation in the emergency department, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: CoDE-ACS performs consistently irrespective of the timing of serial cardiac troponin measurement, identifying more patients as low probability with comparable performance to guideline-recommended pathways for MI. Whether care guided by probabilities can improve the early diagnosis of MI requires prospective evaluation. REGISTRATION: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT00470587.
Subject(s)
Acute Coronary Syndrome , Myocardial Infarction , Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Male , Acute Coronary Syndrome/diagnosis , Biomarkers , Myocardial Infarction/diagnosis , Troponin , Machine Learning , Troponin TABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Point-of-care (POC) high-sensitivity cardiac troponin assays may further accelerate the diagnosis of myocardial infarction (MI). OBJECTIVES: This study sought to assess the clinical and analytical performance of the novel high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I (hs-cTnI)-SPINCHIP POC test. METHODS: Adult patients presenting with acute chest discomfort to the emergency department were enrolled in an international, diagnostic, multicenter study. The final diagnosis was centrally adjudicated by 2 independent cardiologists using all clinical information. We compared the discriminatory performance of hs-cTnI-SPINCHIP with current established central laboratory assays and derived an assay-specific hs-cTnI-SPINCHIP 0/1-hour algorithm. Secondary analyses included sample type comparisons (whole blood, fresh/frozen plasma, and capillary finger prick) and precision analysis. RESULTS: MI was the adjudicated final diagnosis in 214 (19%) of 1,102 patients. Area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve was 0.94 (95% CI: 0.92-0.95) for hs-cTnI-SPINCHIP vs 0.94 (95% CI: 0.92-0.95) for hs-cTnI-Architect (P = 0.907) and 0.93 (95% CI: 0.91-0.95) for high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T Elecsys (P = 0.305). A cutoff <7 ng/L at presentation (if chest pain onset was >3 hours) or <7 ng/L together with a 0/1-hour delta of <4 ng/L ruled out 51% with a sensitivity and negative predictive value of 100% (95% CI: 97.7%-100%) and 100% (95% CI: 99.0%-100%), respectively. A hs-cTnI-SPINCHIP concentration ≥36 ng/L or a 0/1-hour delta ≥11 ng/L ruled in 27% with a specificity and positive predictive value of 90.9% (95% CI: 88.3%-92.9%) and 72.9% (95% CI: 66.4%-78.6%), respectively. Bootstrap internal validation confirmed excellent diagnostic performance. High agreement was observed between different sample types. CONCLUSIONS: The SPINCHIP hs-cTnI POC test has very high diagnostic accuracy. Its assay-specific 0/1-hour algorithm achieved very high sensitivity/negative predictive value and specificity/positive predictive value for rule-out/in MI. (Advantageous Predictors of Acute Coronary Syndromes Evaluation [APACE] Study [APACE]; NCT00470587).
Subject(s)
Myocardial Infarction , Troponin I , Humans , Troponin I/blood , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Myocardial Infarction/blood , Myocardial Infarction/diagnosis , Point-of-Care Systems , Biomarkers/blood , Prospective Studies , Sensitivity and SpecificityABSTRACT
No disponible
Subject(s)
Humans , Frail Elderly , Disability Evaluation , Disabled Persons , Repertory, BarthelABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can induce an exaggerated inflammatory response. Vitamin D is a key modulator of the immune system. We hypothesized that vitamin D deficiency (VDD) could increase the risk of developing severe COVID-19 infection. METHODS: patients with confirmed COVID-19 seen at the emergency department of our hospital with recent measurements of 25(OH)D were recruited. We explored the association of vitamin D deficiency (VDD), defined as 25-hydroxyvitamin D < 20 ng/mL, with a composite of adverse clinical outcomes. RESULTS: we included 80 patients, of which 31 (39 %) presented the endpoint. VDD tended to predict an increased risk of developing severe COVID-19 after adjusting for age, gender, obesity, cardiac disease, and kidney disease [OR 3.2 (95 % CI: 0.9-11.4), p = 0.07]. Age had a negative interaction with the effect of VDD on the composite outcome (p = 0.03), indicating that the effect was more noticeable at younger ages. Furthermore, male gender was associated with VDD and with severe COVID-19 at younger ages. CONCLUSIONS: in this retrospective study, vitamin D deficiency showed a signal of association with severe COVID-19 infection. A significant interaction with age was noted, suggesting VDD may have a greater impact in younger patients. These findings should be confirmed in larger, prospective, adequately powered studies
INTRODUCCIÓN: la enfermedad por coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) puede inducir una respuesta inflamatoria exagerada. La vitamina D es un modulador clave del sistema inmune. Planteamos que la deficiencia de vitamina D (VDD) podría aumentar el riesgo de desarrollar infección grave por COVID-19. MÉTODOS: se reclutaron pacientes consecutivos que acudieron al servicio de urgencias de nuestro centro con diagnóstico de COVID-19 confirmado (PCR-COVID-19 positiva) y mediciones recientes de 25(OH)D. Exploramos la asociación de la deficiencia de vitamina D (VDD), definida como una 25-hidroxivitamina D < 20 ng/ml, con un compuesto de resultados clínicos adversos. RESULTADOS: se incluyeron 80 pacientes, de los cuales 31 (39 %) presentaron el criterio de valoración primario. El VDD tendió a predecir un mayor riesgo de desarrollar COVID-19 grave después de ajustar edad, sexo, obesidad, enfermedad cardíaca y enfermedad renal [OR: 3,2 (IC 95 %: 0,9-11,4), p = 0,07]. La edad tuvo una interacción negativa con el efecto de la VDD en el resultado compuesto (p = 0,03), lo que indica que el efecto fue más notable a edades más tempranas. Además, el género masculino se asoció con la VDD y con la COVID-19 grave en las edades más jóvenes. CONCLUSIONES: en este estudio retrospectivo, la deficiencia de vitamina D mostró una tendencia de asociación con la infección grave por COVID-19. Se observó una interacción significativa con la edad, lo que sugiere que la VDD puede tener un mayor impacto en los pacientes más jóvenes. Estos hallazgos deben confirmarse en estudios más grandes, prospectivos y con potencia adecuada
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Vitamin D Deficiency/complications , Coronavirus Infections/complications , Coronavirus Infections/diet therapy , Pneumonia, Viral/complications , Pneumonia, Viral/diet therapy , Vitamin D/administration & dosage , Vitamin D Deficiency/diet therapy , Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 2/therapeutic use , Retrospective Studies , Coronavirus Infections/diagnosis , Pneumonia, Viral/diagnosis , Age FactorsABSTRACT
OBJETIVO: EL objetivo principal fue describir el perfil clínico y la mortalidad a los 30 días de diferentes categorías diagnósticas en los casos de COVID-19 atendidos en un servicio de urgencias (SU). MÉTODO: Análisis secundario del registro COVID-19_URG-HCSC. Se seleccionaron los casos sospechosos de COVID-19 atendidos en un SU de Madrid desde el 28 de febrero hasta el 31 de marzo de 2020. La muestra se dividió: 1) sospecha con PCR no realizada (S/PCR NR); 2) sospecha con PCR negativa (S/PCR-); 3) sospecha con PCR positiva (S/PCR+); 4) alta sospecha con PCR negativa o no realizada (AS/PCR- o NR); y 5) alta sospecha con PCR positiva (AS/PCR+). Se recogieron variables clínicas, radiológicas y microbiológicas del episodio de urgencias. La variable de resultado principal fue la mortalidad por cualquier causa a los 30 días. Las variables secundarias fueron el ingreso y la gravedad del episodio. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron 1.993 pacientes; 17,2% S/PCR NR, 11,4% S/PCR-, 22,1% S/PCR+, 11,7% AS/PCR- o NR y 37,6% AS/PCR+. Se hallaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas respecto a las variables demográficas, comorbilidad, clínicas, radiográficas, analíticas y terapéuticas y de resultados a corto plazo en función las categorías diagnósticas. La mortalidad global a los 30 días fue de un 11,5%, 56,5% casos fueron hospitalizados y 19,6% casos sufrieron un episodio grave. Las categorías de AS y de S/PCR+ tuvieron un incremento del riesgo ajustado de mortalidad a los 30 días y de sufrir un episodio grave durante el ingreso hospitalario respecto a S/PCR-. En relación al ingreso, solo las categorías de AS tuvieron un incremento del riesgo ajustado de hospitalización respecto a la categoría de S/PCR-. CONCLUSIONES: Existen diferentes categorías diagnósticas de la enfermedad COVID-19 en función del perfil clínico y microbiológico que tienen correlato con el pronóstico a 30 días
OBJECTIVE: The primary objective was to describe the clinical characteristics and 30-day mortality rates in emergency department patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in different diagnostic groupings. METHODS: Secondary analysis of the COVID-19 registry compiled by the emergency department of Hospital Clínico San Carlos in Madrid, Spain. We selected suspected COVID-19 cases treated in the emergency department between February 28 and March 31, 2020. The cases were grouped as follows: 1) suspected, no polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test (S/no-PCR); 2) suspected, negative PCR (S/PCR-); 3) suspected, positive PCR (S/PCR+); 4) highly suspected, no PCR, or negative PCR (HS/no or PCR-); and 5) highly suspected, positive PCR (HS/PCR+). We collected clinical, radiologic, and microbiologic data related to the emergency visit. The main outcome was 30-day all-cause mortality. Secondary outcomes were hospitalization and clinical severity of the episode. RESULTS: A total of 1993 cases (90.9%) were included as follows: S/no-PCR, 17.2%; S/PCR-, 11.4%; S/PCR+, 22.1%; HS/no PCR or PCR-, 11.7%; and HS/PCR+, 37.6%. Short-term outcomes differed significantly in the different groups according to demographic characteristics; comorbidity and clinical, radiographic, analytical, and therapeutic variables. Thirty-day mortality was 11.5% (56.5% in hospitalized cases and 19.6% in cases classified as severe). The 2 HS categories and the S/PCR+ category had a greater adjusted risk for 30-day mortality and for having a clinically severe episode during hospitalization in comparison with S/PCR- cases. Only the 2 HS categories showed greater risk for hospitalization than the S/PCR- cases
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Coronavirus Infections/diagnosis , Coronavirus Infections/mortality , Pneumonia, Viral/diagnosis , Pneumonia, Viral/mortality , Emergency Medical Services/statistics & numerical data , Clinical Record , Coronavirus Infections/drug therapy , Pneumonia, Viral/drug therapy , Polymerase Chain ReactionABSTRACT
Objetivo. Estudiar la frecuencia de fragilidad física y si su presencia se asocia con la presencia de resultados adversos en el primer año en los pacientes mayores con insuficiencia cardiaca aguda (ICA) dados de alta desde urgencias. Método. Estudio observacional de cohortes prospectivo que incluyó a los pacientes de 75 o más años con ICA dados de alta desde un servicio de urgencias. Se definió la fragilidad física como la presencia de 7 puntos en el Short Physical Performance Battery. La variable de resultado fue la aparición de un evento compuesto (revisita o reingreso por insuficiencia cardiaca y mortalidad por cualquier causa) en los primeros 365 días tras el alta de urgencias. Resultados. Se incluyeron 86 pacientes [edad media: 84 (DE 6 años); 59,3% mujeres]. La presencia de fragilidad se documentó en 49 (57%) pacientes. La frecuencia de la variable de resultado compuesta a los 365 días tras el alta de urgencias fue de un 46,5%. La fragilidad física fue un factor pronóstico independiente de presentar la variable resultado (OR ajustada = 3,6; IC 95% 1,0-12,9; p = 0,047). Conclusiones. La presencia de fragilidad física en los pacientes mayores con ICA dados de alta desde urgencias podría ser un factor pronóstico de malos resultados durante el primer año
Objective. To study the frequency of physical frailty and explore whether its presence in older patients with acute heart failure (AHF) is associated with adverse outcomes in the year after discharge from a emergency department (ED). Methods. Prospective observational cohort study in patients with AHF aged 75 years or older who were discharged from our ED. Physical frailty was defined by a score of 7 or less on the Short Physical Performance Battery. The outcome was the development of a composite event (ED revisit for AHF, hospital readmission for AHF, or all-cause mortality) within 365 days of discharge from the ED. Results. Eighty-six patients with a mean (SD) age of 84 (6) years were included; 59.3% were women. Frailty was identified in 49 patients (57%). The composite outcome was observed in 46.5% within 365 days. Physical fragility was an independent predictor of the outcome (adjusted odds ratio, 3.6; 95% CI, 1.0-12.9; P=.047). Conclusions. Frailty in older patients with AHF may predict a poor outcome during the year following discharge from an emergency department
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Heart Failure/diagnosis , Frail Elderly , Prognosis , Patient Discharge , Emergency Medical Services , Cohort Studies , Prospective StudiesABSTRACT
La fragilidad es un síndrome clínico que ocurre durante el envejecimiento, que se caracteriza por una disminución de la reserva fisiológica ante una situación de estrés y constituye un estado de vulnerabilidad que conlleva mayor riesgo de un resultado adverso. Su prevalencia en España es alta, especialmente en ancianos con comorbilidad y enfermedades crónicas. En el caso de la enfermedad cardiovascular, la fragilidad determina peores resultados clínicos, con mayor morbimortalidad en todos los escenarios, agudos y crónicos; por lo tanto, puede condicionar el diagnóstico y el tratamiento de los pacientes. A pesar de todo ello, se trata de un problema que con frecuencia no se aborda ni se incluye al planificar la atención al paciente mayor con cardiopatía. En este trabajo se repasa la evidencia científica disponible y se destacan las escalas más adecuadas para la medición y la valoración de la fragilidad, algunas con mayor utilidad y mejor capacidad predictiva según el contexto clínico en que se apliquen, y se resalta también la importancia de evaluarla para identificar su presencia e incluirla en el plan individualizado de tratamiento y cuidados que mejor se adapte a cada paciente
Frailty is an age-associated clinical syndrome characterized by a decrease in physiological reserve in situations of stress, constituting a state of vulnerability that involves a higher risk of adverse events. Its prevalence in Spain is high, especially in elderly individuals with comorbidity and chronic diseases. In cardiovascular disease, frailty is associated worse clinical outcomes and higher morbidity and mortality in all scenarios, in both acute and chronic settings, and could consequently influence diagnosis and treatment. However, frailty is often not addressed or included when planning the management of elderly patients with heart disease. In this article, we review the available scientific evidence and highlight the most appropriate scales for the measurement and assessment of frailty, some of which are more useful and have better predictive capacity than others, depending on the clinical context. We also underline the importance of properly identifying and assessing frailty in order to include it in the treatment and care plan that best suits each patient
Subject(s)
Humans , Aged , Geriatric Assessment/methods , Heart Diseases/diagnosis , Frailty/diagnosis , Physical Examination/methods , Frail Elderly , Aging/physiology , Severity of Illness IndexABSTRACT
RESUMEN Tanto la diabetes mellitus como la insuficiencia cardíaca son dos enfermedades que frecuentemente van de la mano. Los resultados de recientes estudios sobre disminución de mortalidad, hospitalización por insuficiencia cardíaca y aparición de eventos cardiovasculares, que han demostrado ciertos hipoglucemiantes no insulínicos, han hecho que cambien las recomendaciones en cuanto al tratamiento de la diabetes mellitus. El objetivo clásico del tratamiento de la diabetes, centrado en la reducción de la hemoglobina glicada para reducir el daño microvascular, aunque siga siendo importante, puede que haya pasado a un segundo plano, ahora que disponemos de fármacos que podrían disminuir también el daño macrovascular.
ABSTRACT Both diabetes mellitus and heart failure often go hand in hand. The results of recent studies on decreased mortality, heart failure hospitalization and the occurrence of cardiovascular events, which have shown certain non-insulin hypoglycemic agents, have brought about changes in the diabetes treatment recommendations. The classic goal of diabetes treatment, focused on reducing glycated hemoglobin to reduce microvascular damage, although still important, may have faded into the background, since we have drugs that could also reduce macrovascular damage.
Subject(s)
Diabetes Mellitus , Cardiovascular Diseases , Drug Therapy , Heart FailureABSTRACT
No disponible
Subject(s)
Humans , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Hospitalization , Quality of Life , Heart Failure/mortality , Ambulatory Care , Aged , Risk Factors , PrognosisABSTRACT
No disponible
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Heart Failure/diagnosis , Heart Failure/therapy , Cardiovascular Diseases/complications , Cardiovascular Diseases/diagnosis , Frail Elderly , Prognosis , Cohort Studies , Prospective Studies , Emergency Service, Hospital/standards , Natriuretic Peptides/analysisABSTRACT
Objetivo. Profundizar en el conocimiento y la evolución de la Medicina de Urgencias y Emergencias (MUE) en España a través del análisis de las ponencias presentadas en los congresos de la Sociedad Española de Medicina de Urgencias y Emergencias (SEMES) celebrados los últimos 30 años (1988-2017). Método. Se revisaron los programas de todos los Congresos SEMES y se analizaron las características de ponencias y ponentes, así como la evolución entre 1988-2017 de algunas de estas características. Se revisó en Web of Science la producción científica y el índice h de los ponentes más frecuentes para contrastar su relevancia científica. Resultados. En los 29 Congresos SEMES (en 1992 no se celebró) se han presentado 2.182 ponencias (112 internacionales) por 1.410 ponentes (89 internacionales) procedentes de 616 centros. Hubo un crecimiento lineal de ponencias y ponentes los primeros años, una posterior fase de meseta, y finalmente un crecimiento con tendencia exponencial el último lustro. El 79,6% de ponencias fue impartida por hombres, y la distribución de médicos/enfermeros/técnicos fue 70,6%/11,9%/4,0%. Los urgenciólogos realizaron el 60,8% de ponencias médicas. La comunidad autónoma organizadora del congreso aportó el 29,8% de ponencias, casi siempre por encima de lo esperable por su aportación promedio global. Hubo comunidades autónomas cuya participación estuvo muy por debajo de su productividad científica (Extremadura, Andalucía, Cataluña) y otras muy por encima (Murcia, Baleares, Asturias, Castilla-León, Madrid). El 64,4% de los 59 ponentes más asiduos ( 5 congresos) tiene publicados 20 artículos y el 71,2% tiene un índice h 5. Entre 1988-2017 hubo incremento significativo de mujeres ponentes, diversificación geográfica (ponencias de comunidades autónomas no organizadoras del congreso) y urgenciólogos hospitalarios. Conclusiones. Hubo un aumento significativo de ponencias y ponentes en los Congresos SEMES, con cambios detectables en algunas de sus características. El análisis detallado puede permitir intervenciones para corregir algunos aspectos en futuros Congresos SEMES, tales como la escasa diversificación y participación internacional y de mujeres
Objective. To gain greater understanding of the development of emergency medicine in Spain by analyzing the presentations at conferences of the Spanish Society of Emergency Medicine (SEMES) over the past 30 years (1988-2017). Methods. We examined the programs of all SEMES conferences and described the characteristics of both presentations and presenters. We also analyzed changes occurring between 1988 and 2017 of some of the characteristics observed. The Web of Science was searched to evaluate the scientific productivity of the most frequent presenters and to calculate h-indexes for those presenters to assesstheir scientific relevance. Results. SEMES did not hold a conference in 1992. The total of 29 conferences included 2182 presentations (112 listing presenters from abroad) given by 1410 presenters (89 from abroad). The presenters' affiliations named 616 centers. The number of presentations and presenters increased linearly during the first period and then leveled off. The number increased exponentially in the final phase. Men gave 79.6% of the presentations; 70.6% of the presenters were physicians, 11.9% were nurses and 4.0% were ambulance staff. Specialists in emergency medicine accounted for 60.8% of the presenters who were physicians. Presenters from the Spanish autonomous community organizing the conference gave 29.8% of the presentations. The contributions of presenters from the local organizing community were nearly always more numerous than the average number of contributions from that community in all 29 conferences overall. Conference contributions from some autonomous communities (Extremadura, Andalusia, and Catalonia) were considerably fewer than would be expected given the scientific productivity of those communities. However, communities (Murcia, Balearic Islands, Asturias, Castile-Leon, Madrid), gave many more presentations than their productivity metrics would predict. Analysis of the 59 most frequent presenters (at 5 conferences or more) showed that 64.4% of them had published at least 20 articles and that 71.2% had an h-index of 5 or higher. The number of women on the program increased significantly between 1988 and 2017. Likewise, geographic diversity increased significantly (presentations from centers outside the local organizing area) as did the participation of hospitalbased emergency medicine specialists. Conclusions. SEMES conference programs have attracted significantly more presentations and presenters over the years. We also detected changes in descriptive characteristics. The analysis of those characteristics can help future SEMES conference planners to plan ways to correct aspects such as scarce geographic diversity, low international participation, and few women among presenters
Subject(s)
Congresses as Topic/statistics & numerical data , Emergency Medicine/education , Congresses as Topic/trends , Societies, Medical , Bibliometrics/history , Scientific Publication Indicators , Physicians, WomenABSTRACT
No disponible
Subject(s)
Humans , Aged , Atrial Fibrillation/drug therapy , Anticoagulants/administration & dosage , Stroke/prevention & control , Hemorrhage/prevention & control , Thromboembolism/prevention & control , Aging , Frail Elderly , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
Objetivos. Diseñar una escala de puntuación multidimensional con el fin de estratificar el riesgo de mortalidad a 180 días entre los ancianos ingresados en las unidades de corta estancia (UCE). Métodos. Estudio analítico observacional de cohortes prospectivo multicéntrico que seleccionó todos los pacientes >= 75 años ingresados en 5 UCE españolas del 1 de febrero al 30 de abril de 2014. Se recogieron variables demográficas, clínicas y de la valoración geriátrica. Se derivó un modelo de regresión logística multinivel para identificar los factores independientemente asociados con la mortalidad a 180 días y después se construyó una escala de puntuación. Resultados. Se incluyeron 593 pacientes (edad media 83,4 años, DE: 5,9; 359 mujeres, 60,7%), y 92 (15,5%) fallecieron a los 180 días. La escala de puntuación 6M UCE-SCORE incluyó la edad >= 85 años (1 punto), sexo varón (1 punto), presencia de pérdida de apetito o peso involuntaria en los últimos 3 meses (1 punto), síndrome confusional agudo (2 puntos), dependencia en las actividades básicas de la vida diaria al ingreso (2 puntos) y úlceras por presión (2 puntos). Se categorizó a los pacientes en bajo (0-2 puntos), intermedio (3-5 puntos) y alto (6-9 puntos) riesgo, con una mortalidad a 180 días de 5%, 18% y 54%, respectivamente. El ABC COR del modelo tras remuestreo fue de 0,72 (IC95%: 0,65-0,78). Conclusiones. La escala de puntuación 6M UCE-SCORE podría ser de utilidad a la hora de estratificar el riesgo a 6 meses entre los ancianos ingresados en las UCE con el fin de diseñar un plan individualizado de cuidados
Objectives. To develop a multidimensional score to assess risk of death for patients of advanced age 180 days after their admission to short-stay units (SSUs). Methods. Prospective, multicenter, observational and analytical study of a cohort of patients aged 75 years or older who were admitted to 5 Spanish SSUs between February 1 and April 30, 2014. We recorded demographic and clinical data as well as geriatric assessment scores. A multilevel logistic regression model was developed to identify independent factors associated with 180-day mortality. The model was used to construct a scale for scoring risk. Results. Data for 593 patients with a mean (SD) age of 83.4 (5.9) years entered the model; 359 (60.7%) were women. Ninety-two patients (15.5%) died within 180 days of SSU admission. Factors included in the final risk score were age over 85 years (1 point), male sex (1), loss of appetite or weight loss in the 3 months before admission (1), acute confusional state (2), functional dependence for basic activities of daily living at admission (2), and pressure ulcers (2). Low risk was indicated by a score of 0 to 2 points, intermediate risk by 3 to 5 points, and high risk by 6 to 9 points. Mortality rates at 180 days in these 3 risk groups were 5%, 18%, and 54%, respectively. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for the model after boots trapping was 0.72 (95% CI, 0.65-0.78). Conclusion. The SSU score could be useful for stratifying risk of death within 6 months of SSU admission of older patients, so that type of care can be tailored to risk
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Length of Stay/statistics & numerical data , Hospital Mortality/trends , Hospitals, University , Aged , Proportional Hazards Models , Prospective Studies , Cohort Studies , Observational StudyABSTRACT
Objetivos. Comparar las características generales, estructurales y organizativas de los servicios de urgencias de hospitales públicos (SUHP) de la Comunidad de Madrid con los de Cataluña. Método. Estudio descriptivo tipo encuesta estructurada con 3 apartados: aspectos generales del hospital (18 preguntas), aspectos generales y estructurales de urgencias (14 preguntas), y aspectos organizativos y laborales de urgencias (30 preguntas). Los centros se agruparon según complejidad: niveles I-hospital comarcal y niveles II y III-hospital de alta tecnología o de referencia. Resultados. Se incluyeron los 26 SUHP de la Comunidad de Madrid (21 nivel II-III y 5 nivel I), y 55 de Cataluña (24 nivel II- III y 31 nivel I). En Madrid, comparada con Cataluña: los hospitales son de construcción mas reciente (p = 0,002); tienen mayor número de camas de hospitalización (p < 0,001) y de cuidados críticos (p < 0,001); están más frecuentemente vinculados a la universidad (p < 0,001) y cubren mayor población (p = 0,027). Los servicios de urgencias: tienen mayor superficie para la actividad clínica (p < 0,001) y la primera asistencia (p < 0,001); mayor número de puestos de primera asistencia (p < 0,001) y camas de observación (p = 0,001) y la mediana del número de atenciones urgentes es mayor (p < 0,001). De forma global, hay más facultativos contratados en Cataluña, pero el número de horas de médico y enfermera contratadas por centro es mayor en Madrid, donde los médicos suelen realizar su actividad exclusivamente en urgencias (92,5% frente a 56,8%; p < 0,001), muy pocos con contrato fijo indefinido (30,5% frente a 75,1%; p < 0,001) con relación médico residente/adjunto diferente en turnos de tarde, noche y días festivos en comparación con los SUHP catalanes (3:1 frente a 1:1). Conclusiones. La estructura física y funcional de los SUHP madrileños y catalanes difiere de forma significativa sin que pueda explicarse, exclusivamente, por los aspectos geográficos (AU)
Objective. To compare the general, structural, and organizational characteristics of public hospital emergency departments in the Spanish autonomous communities of Madrid and Catalonia. Methods. Descriptive survey-based study covering 3 areas of inquiry: general hospital features (18 questions), structural features of the emergency department (14 questions), and organizational and work-related policies of the emergency department (30 questions). Hospitals were grouped according to complexity: local hospitals (level 1), high-technology or referral hospitals (levels 2-3). Results. We studied 26 hospital departments in Madrid (21, levels 2-3; 5, level 1) and 55 in Catalonia (24, levels 2-3; 31, level 1). Hospitals in Madrid are in newer buildings (P=.002), have more beds on conventional wards and in critical care units (P<.001, both comparisons), are more often affiliated with a university (P<.001), and serve larger populations (P=.027). The emergency departments in Madrid have larger surface areas available for clinical care and more cubicles for preliminary evaluations and observation beds (P=.001, all comparisons). Hospitals in Madrid also attended a larger median number of emergencies (P<.001). More physicians were employed in Catalonia overall, but the numbers of physician- and nurse-hours per hospital were higher in Madrid, where it was more usual for physicians to work exclusively in the emergency department (92.5% in Madrid vs 56.8% in Catalonia, P<.001). However, fewer of the employed physicians had permanent contracts in Madrid (30.5% vs 75.1% in Catalonia, P<.001). The ratio of resident physicians to staff physicians differs between the 2 communities on afternoon/evening, night, and holiday shifts (3:1 in Madrid; 1:1 in Catalonia). Conclusions. The physical and functional structures of hospital emergency departments in the communities of Madrid and Catalonia differ significantly. The differences cannot be attributed exclusively to geographic location (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Emergency Medical Services/organization & administration , Emergency Service, Hospital/organization & administration , Structure of Services/organization & administration , Emergency Service, Hospital , Quality of Health Care/organization & administration , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
La insuficiencia cardiaca aguda (ICA) es un síndrome geriátrico de alta prevalencia que origina uno de los motivos más frecuentes de visita a urgencias y de ingreso hospitalario, asociándose a una alta morbimortalidad e impacto funcional agudo. En los últimos años ha surgido cada vez más información sobre la importancia del manejo inicial de la ICA de cara a los resultados a corto plazo y su posible influencia en la historia natural de la enfermedad. El objetivo del presente trabajo es recoger una serie de recomendaciones prácticas que deberían considerarse a la hora de la atención inicial del paciente anciano con ICA en los servicios de urgencias hospitalarios y revisar las estrategias de intervención más interesantes que están en marcha en la actualidad (AU)
Acute heart failure is a high prevalence geriatric syndrome that has become one of the most frequent causes of visits to emergency departments, as well as hospital admission, and is associated with high morbidity, mortality and functional impairment. There has been an increasing amount of information published in recent years on the initial management of acute heart failure and the results of the short-term outcomes, as well as the natural history of the disease. The objective of this study is to provide several recommendations that should be taken into account in the initial management of the elderly patient with acute heart failure in the emergency departments, and to review the most interesting currently on-going clinical trials (AU)
Subject(s)
Aged, 80 and over , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Heart Failure/diagnosis , Heart Failure/therapy , Emergency Medical Services , Early Diagnosis , Dyspnea/drug therapy , Diuretics/therapeutic use , Indicators of Morbidity and Mortality , Emergency Medicine/methods , Emergency Medicine/organization & administration , Radiography, Thoracic , Heart Failure/physiopathology , Heart Failure , Hypoxia/complications , Shock, Cardiogenic/complications , ComorbiditySubject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Emergency Medical Services , Comprehensive Health Care , Aging , SpainABSTRACT
No disponible
Subject(s)
Humans , Seizures/diagnosis , Seizures/drug therapy , Emergency Treatment/methods , Emergency Medical Services/statistics & numerical dataABSTRACT
Objetivo. Estudiar las diferencias en el manejo y los resultados a corto plazo de los pacientes adultos atendidos en un servicio de urgencias por una crisis epiléptica en función de ser anciano. Pacientes y métodos. Estudio observacional de cohorte retrospectivo que selecciono a todos los pacientes de 15 anos o mas atendidos por una crisis epiléptica en un servicio de urgencias de un hospital terciario y universitario desde el 1 de septiembre al 31 de diciembre de 2011. Se recogieron las variables de la atención aguda y de seguimiento a los 30 días del episodio índice de urgencias. Resultados. Se incluyeron 114 pacientes con una mediana de edad de 46,4 anos (rango intercuartilico: 32,6-74,3 anos), de los cuales 34 (29,8%) tenían 65 años o más. El grupo de los mayores presento más frecuentemente un primer episodio epiléptico (p = 0,001), desencadenante desconocido (p = 0,02), etiología estructural (p < 0,001), realización de tomografía computarizada en urgencias (p < 0,001), inicio de fármaco antiepiléptico preventivo en urgencias (p = 0,001) y estancia prolongada (p = 0,002) que los adultos mas jóvenes. Tras un análisis multivariable, el ser anciano fue un factor independiente asociado a un mayor requerimiento de pruebas complementarias especificas (odds ratio = 3,7; intervalo de confianza al 95% = 1,3-10,3) e intervención farmacológica en urgencias (odds ratio = 3,3; intervalo de confianza al 95% = 1,4-8,1). No hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas en los resultados a 30 días entre ambos grupos en términos de revisita (p = 0,316) y mortalidad (p = 0,087). Conclusiones. La atención de las crisis epilépticas del anciano en urgencias, en comparación con adultos más jóvenes, es más compleja, siendo necesario un mayor consumo de recursos hospitalarios (AU)
Aim. To study the differences in the management and short-term outcomes of adult patients treated in an emergency service for epileptic seizures, depending on whether they are elderly or not. Patients and methods. This observational retrospective cohort study included all the patients over 15 years of age who were treated for epileptic seizures in the hospital emergency department of a tertiary and university hospital between 1 September and 31 December 2011. The variables collected were acute treatment and follow-up at 30 days after the index event in the emergency department. Results. Altogether the sample included 114 patients with a mean age of 46.4 years (interquartile range: 32.6-74.3 years), of whom 34 (29.8%) were aged 65 years or over. The group of elderly persons presented a first epileptic episode (p = 0.001), with unknown precipitating factor (p = 0.02), structural causation (p < 0.001), a computerised tomography scan carried out in the emergency department (p < 0.001), establishment of preventive antiepileptic drug regime in the emergency department (p = 0.001) and a prolonged hospital stay (p = 0.002) more frequently than the younger adults. Following a multivariable analysis, being elderly was an independent factor associated to a greater need for specific complementary tests (odds ratio = 3.7; 95% confidence interval = 1.3-10.3) and pharmacological intervention in the emergency department (odds ratio = 3.3; 95% confidence interval = 1.4-8.1). There were no statistically significant differences in the results between the two groups at 30 days in terms of return visits (p = 0.316) and mortality (p = 0.087). Conclusions. The treatment of epileptic seizures in the elderly in the emergency department is complex, if compared with younger adults, thereby making it necessary to use a greater amount of hospital resources (AU)