Feeding behavior of yellowfin tuna around two insular regions of the western Atlantic Ocean.

The yellowfin tuna is a very abundant tropical tuna species in the western equatorial Atlantic Ocean and an important fishery resource for the Brazilian tuna fleet. In this study we performed stable isotope analysis to better understand the spatial trophodynamics and dietary changes in yellowfin tuna around two insular marine protected areas in Brazil. A total of 65 yellowfin tuna specimens measuring between 47 and 138 cm LT (total length) were sampled around the archipelagos of Fernando de Noronha (FNA; n = 34) and Saint Peter and Saint Paul (SPSPA; n = 31) between July 2018 and September 2019. Bayesian mixing models and generalized additive models were used to investigate the contributions of four different prey items (zooplankton, cephalopods, fish larvae, and flying fish) to yellowfin tuna diet in each area and their potential changes in relation to predator growth. The four prey items were found to have different overall contributions between the two studied areas, with zooplankton being the most important prey in FNA, whereas flying fish was the most relevant prey to the species' diet in SPSPA. Significant changes in the species diet by size were also found, with fish smaller than 90 cm (TL) having a more generalist diet and larger animals relying more on consuming larger and more nutritious prey (i.e., flying fish). Our results suggest that these two marine protected areas play an important role in ocean dynamics, providing important and different foraging grounds for the development of this predator species.

Continuous enzalutamide after progression of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer treated with docetaxel (PRESIDE): an international, randomised, phase 3b study.

BACKGROUND: Although androgen deprivation therapy is typically given long-term for men with metastatic prostate cancer, second-generation hormone therapies are generally discontinued before the subsequent line of treatment. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of continuing enzalutamide after progression in controlling metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) treated with docetaxel and prednisolone. METHODS: PRESIDE was a two-period, multinational, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 3b study done at 123 sites in Europe (in Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Russia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, and the UK). Patients were eligible for period 1 (P1) of the study if they had histologically confirmed prostate adenocarcinoma without neuroendocrine differentiation or small-cell features, serum testosterone concentrations of 1·73 nmol/L or less, and had progressed during androgen deprivation therapy with a luteinising hormone-releasing hormone agonist or antagonist or after bilateral orchiectomy. In P1, patients received open-label enzalutamide 160 mg per day orally. At week 13, patients were assessed for either radiographic or prostate-specific antigen (PSA) progression (25% or more increase and 2 ng/mL or more above nadir). Patients who showed any decline in PSA at week 13 and subsequently progressed (radiographic progression, PSA progression, or both) were screened and enrolled in period 2 (P2), during which eligible patients were treated with up to ten cycles of intravenous docetaxel 75 mg/m2 every 3 weeks and oral prednisolone 10 mg/day, and randomly assigned (1:1) to oral enzalutamide 160 mg/day or oral placebo. Patients were stratified by type of disease progression. The block size was four and the overall number of blocks was 400. Patients, investigators, and study organisers were masked to treatment assignment. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival analysed in all patients in P2. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02288247, and is no longer recruiting. FINDINGS: Between Dec 1, 2014, and Feb 15, 2016, 816 patients were screened for P1 of the study. 688 patients were enrolled in P1 and 687 received open-label enzalutamide. In P2, 271 patients were randomly assigned at 73 sites to receive enzalutamide (n=136) or placebo (n=135). The data cutoff for analysis was April 30, 2020. Median progression-free survival with enzalutamide was 9·5 months (95% CI 8·3-10·9) versus 8·3 months (6·3-8·7) with placebo (hazard ratio 0·72 [95% CI 0·53-0·96]; p=0·027). The most common grade 3 treatment-emergent adverse events were neutropenia (17 [13%] of 136 patients in the enzalutamide group vs 12 [9%] of 135 patients in the placebo group) and asthenia (ten [7%] vs six [4%]). The most common grade 4 treatment-emergent adverse event in P2 was neutropenia (23 [17%] of 136 patients in the enzalutamide group vs 28 [21%] of 135 patients in the placebo group). Serious treatment-emergent adverse events were reported in 67 (49%) of 136 patients in the enzalutamide group and 52 (39%) of 135 patients in the placebo group. Two (15%) of 13 deaths in the enzalutamide group (caused by septic shock and haematuria) and one (14%) of seven deaths in the placebo group (caused by actue kidney injury) were associated with docetaxel. INTERPRETATION: PRESIDE met its primary endpoint and showed that continuing enzalutamide with docetaxel plus androgen deprivation therapy delayed time to progression compared with docetaxel plus androgen deprivation therapy alone, supporting the hypothesis that enzalutamide maintenance could control persistent androgen-dependent clones in men with mCRPC who progress after treatment with enzalutamide alone. FUNDING: Astellas Pharma and Pfizer.

Assessing trophic interactions between pelagic predatory fish by gut content and stable isotopes analysis around Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (Brazil), Equatorial West Atlantic.

The objective of this study was to analyse the feeding habits and trophic interactions between four oceanic predatory fish around the Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (FNA), Brazil, in the western equatorial Atlantic (3.86°S/32.42°W), internationally recognized as an environment of high economic and ecological value. For this purpose, biological samples of yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares), wahoo (Acanthocybium solandri), barracuda (Sphyraena barracuda) and dolphinfish (Coryphaena hippurus) were collected for stomach content and stable isotope analysis. Values of the index of relative importance revealed varied diets, with a strong presence of teleost fishes (Diodontidae and Exocoetidae) for all species, with yellowfin tuna having a greater diversity of food items. Despite being generalists/opportunists, the feeding strategy of these predators showed a tendency towards a specialized diet in the use of the available resources around the FNA. They presented a narrow trophic niche width (Levin's index, Bi < 0.6) and low overlap between species, except between barracuda and wahoo (MacArthur and Levin's, R0  = 0.72). Isotopic compositions had broad values of δ13 C and δ15 N, and were significantly different between species. Our results provide information about the four species' trophic organization and suggest that the predators avoid competition by preying on different prey, thus allowing their coexistence.

Maize dry matter production and macronutrient extraction model as a new approach for fertilizer rate estimation.

Decision support for nutrient application remains an enigma if based on soil nutrient analysis. If the crop could be used as an auxiliary indicator, the plant nutrient status during different growth stages could complement the soil test, improving the fertilizer recommendation. Nutrient absorption and partitioning in the plant are here studied and described with mathematical models. The objective of this study considers the temporal variation of the nutrient uptake rate, which should define crop needs as compared to the critical content in soil solution. A uniform maize crop was grown to observe dry matter accumulation and nutrient content in the plant. The dry matter accumulation followed a sigmoidal model and the macronutrient content a power model. The maximum nutrient absorption occurred at the R4 growth stage, for which the sap concentration was successfully calculated. It is hoped that this new approach of evaluating nutrient sap concentration will help to develop more rational ways to estimate crop fertilizer needs. This new approach has great potential for on-the-go crop sensor-based nutrient application methods and its sensitivity to soil tillage and management systems need to be examined in following studies. If mathematical model reflects management impact adequately, resources for experiments can be saved.

From prey to predators: Evidence of microplastic trophic transfer in tuna and large pelagic species in the southwestern Tropical Atlantic.

Plastic pollution is present in most marine environments; however, contamination in pelagic predators, including species of economic interest, is still poorly understood. This study aims to access the macro- and microplastic contamination in tuna and large pelagic species and verify whether a trophic transfer occurs from prey to tunas captured by two fleets in the Southwestern Tropical Atlantic (SWTA). We combined different methodological approaches to analyse the intake of macro- and microplastics. In addition to examining the plastics in the fish' stomachs, we investigated the contamination in the prey retrieved from the guts of predators. A low frequency of occurrence (3%) of macroplastic was detected in the tuna and large pelagic species; conversely, we observed a high frequency of microplastic in the tuna's stomachs (100%) and prey analysed (70%). We evinced the trophic transfer of microplastics by analysing the ingestion rate of particles in prey retrieved from the tuna stomachs. In the 34 analysed prey, we detected 355 microplastic particles. The most contaminated prey were cephalopods and fishes of the Bramidae family. The most frequent microplastic shapes in both prey and tuna stomachs were foams, pellets and fibres (<1 mm). A variety of polymers were identified; the most frequent were styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), polyamide (PA), polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polyethylene (PE). Our findings enhance scientific knowledge of how the ecological behaviour of marine species can affect microplastic intake.

From the light blue sky to the dark deep sea: Trophic and resource partitioning between epipelagic and mesopelagic layers in a tropical oceanic ecosystem.

The connection between epipelagic and deep-sea mesopelagic realms controls a variety of ecosystem processes including oceanic carbon storage and the provision of harvestable fish stocks. So far, these two layers have been mostly addressed in isolation and the ways they connect remain poorly understood. Furthermore, both systems are affected by climate change, exploitation of resources, and increasing pervasion of pollutants. Here we use bulk isotopes of δ13C and δ15N of 60 ecosystem components to evaluate the trophic linkage between epipelagic and mesopelagic ecosystems in warm oligotrophic waters. Additionally, we we conducted a comparison of isotopic niche sizes and overlaps across multiple species to evaluate how environmental gradients between epipelagic and mesopelagic ecosystems shape ecological patterns of resource use and competition between species. Our database comprises siphonophores, crustaceans, cephalopods, salpas, fishes, and seabirds. It also includes five zooplankton size classes, two groups of fish larvae, and particulate organic matter collected at different depths. Through this wide taxonomic and trophic variety of epipelagic and mesopelagic species, we show that pelagic species access resources originating from different food sources, mostly autotrophic-based (epipelagics) and microbial heterotrophic-based (mesopelagics). This leads to a sharp trophic dissimilarity between vertical layers. Additionally, we show that trophic specialization increases in deep-sea species and argue that food availability and environmental stability are among the main drivers of this pattern. Finally, we discuss how the ecological traits of pelagic species highlighted in this study can respond to human impacts and increase their vulnerability in the Anthropocene.

Association Between Adiposity Indices and Blood Pressure is Stronger in Sarcopenic Obese Women.

BACKGROUND: Anthropometric indices are useful to identify excess weight and poor health outcomes. Previous research showed that some indices are correlated to blood pressure (BP) among adults. Yet, these associations are poorly characterized in women with sarcopenic obesity (SO). SO is characterized as the combination of sarcopenia and obesity and has been examined as an emerging cause of disorders and frailty. OBJECTIVE: The study aims to examine the association between anthropometric indices and BP in community-dwelling women with and without SO. METHOD: 118 women (46.3 ± 15.6 years; 1.56 ± .07m; 66.9 ± 12.5kg) underwent BP and anthropometric assessments. Body weight, height, as well as waist (WC) and hip circumference were measured. Body mass index (BMI), body adiposity index (BAI), waist-to-hip (WHR) and waist-toheight (WHtR) ratio were calculated. SO was identified based on median values of percent body fat and muscle mass. Partial correlation was used to assess the association between adiposity indices and BP adopting age, presence of hypertension and use of antihypertensive medication as controlling variables. The significance level was set at P ≤ .05. RESULTS: systolic BP was significantly higher in subjects with SO (126.4 ± 14.1 vs 121.0 ± 11.6mmHg, P = .01). Correlations between anthropometric indices and systolic BP were generally higher in women with SO, reaching statistical significance for WC (r = .39, P < .05) and WHtR (r = .30, P < .05) when age was the controlling variable. CONCLUSION: The association of adiposity indices and BP is stronger in subjects with SO when compared to those without SO.

Entre a Fome-tabu e o Trauma Intencional: Implicações Políticas e Metapsicológicas da Fome / Between Famine-taboo and Intentional Trauma: Political and Metapsychological Implications of Famine / Entre el Tabú del Hambre y el Trauma Intencional: Implicaciones Políticas y Metapsicológicas del Hambre

A partir do reconhecimento de uma situação original de desamparo e dependência do outro a qual a criança está estruturalmente submetida, pontua-se que o apaziguamento da fome - considerado uma necessidade fundamental - culmina na consolidação da alteridade como lugar de referência e endereçamento, na erogeneização do corpo próprio, na constituição do Eu e na potencialização do devir do desejo. Logo, a fome e o fracasso do apelo ao outro são experiências potencialmente traumáticas, que produzem vulnerabilidades sociais e psíquicas graves e duradouras. Entende-se que as frustrações das expectativas de saciedade da fome, sobretudo na infância, produzem uma espécie de dor moral, correlata à fragilização da confiança no outro. Com Josué de Castro, reforça-se o aspecto político inarredável da fome, que se amalgama a suas implicações psíquicas e físicas. Com o médico e escritor pernambucano, sublinha-se a existência de uma intenção histórica do Estado brasileiro de ignorar, desmentir e até mesmo provocar a fome. É lembrado que, como um arguto leitor de Freud, o autor faz uso da teoria pulsional psicanalítica como operador conceitual para pensar a fome. Na esteira da contribuição de Castro, Ferenczi é trazido à baila a fim de fundamentar o caráter intencional e político do trauma da fome.

From the recognition of an original situation of helplessness and dependence on the other to which the child is structurally subjected, it is pointed out that the appeasement of hunger - considered a fundamental need - culminates in the consolidation of alterity as a place of reference and addressing, in the erogenization of the own body, the constitution of the Self, and the potentialization of desire's becoming. Therefore, hunger and the failure of the appeal to the other are potentially traumatic experiences that produce serious and lasting social and psychological vulnerabilities. Thence, frustrating the expectations of hunger's satiety, especially in childhood, produce a kind of moral pain, which is correlated to the weakening of trust the other. With Josué de Castro, the inescapable political aspect of hunger, which is merged with its psychological and physical implications, is reinforced. From his ideas, the existence of a historical intention of the Brazilian state to ignore, deny, and even provoke hunger is emphasized. As a keen reader of Freud, the author uses psychoanalytic drive theory as a conceptual operator to think about hunger. Following Castro's contribution, Ferenczi is brought up to support the intentional and political nature of hunger trauma.

A partir del reconocimiento de una situación original de desamparo y dependencia del otro a la que el niño está estructuralmente sometido, se señala que el apaciguamiento del hambre - considerada una necesidad fundamental - culmina en la consolidación de la alteridad como lugar de referencia y direccionamiento, la erogeneización del cuerpo propio, la constitución del Yo y la potencialización del devenir del deseo. Entonces, el hambre y el fracaso del llamado al otro son experiencias potencialmente traumáticas que producen vulnerabilidades sociales y psicológicas graves y duraderas. Las frustraciones de las expectativas de saciedad del hambre, especialmente en la infancia, origina un dolor moral, correlacionado con el debilitamiento de la confianza en el otro. Con Josué de Castro, se refuerza el aspecto político ineludible del hambre, que se amalgama a sus implicaciones psicológicas y físicas. Con el escritor brasileño, se enfatiza la existencia de una intención histórica del Estado brasileño de ignorar, negar e incluso provocar el hambre. Se recuerda que, como lector perspicaz de Freud, el autor utiliza la teoría pulsional psicoanalítica como operador conceptual para pensar en el hambre. Siguiendo la contribución de Castro, Ferenczi se pone de relieve para respaldar la naturaleza intencional y política del trauma del hambre.

Comparative Evaluation of Adiposity Indices as Predictors of Hypertension among Brazilian Adults.

PURPOSE: To compare several anthropometric indices in the prediction of hypertension among adults. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study. Five hundred and eighteen adult men and women (40.9 ± 10.5 years; 1.62 ± .09 m; 72.3 ± 15.6 kg) volunteered to participate and underwent blood pressure and anthropometric measures. Anthropometric assessments were used to calculate body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), waist-to-stature ratio (WSR), body adiposity index (BAI), and conicity index (C). Comparisons between men and women were carried out by independent t-test and chi-square test. Cut-off points for each adiposity index to predict hypertension were obtained using Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analyses. The significance level was set at P ≤ .05. RESULTS: All adiposity indices regarding both genders showed significant odds ratios, except BAI (odds ratio: 1.534; CI: 0.916-2.571) for women. In men, WHR and WSR were considered as more balanced indices regarding their sensitivity (AUC: 73.8 and 71.4, respectively) and specificity (AUC: 77.6 and 73.1, respectively). In women, WHR and WSR presented areas under the ROC curves higher than C index (P = .007) and BAI (P = .03), respectively. CONCLUSION: Indices that consider abdominal adiposity such as WC, WHR, and WSR have a stronger relationship with hypertension compared to others.

Reflexo e sombra: o duplo e o narcisismo em hoffmann e chamisso / Reflection and shadow: the double and the narcissism in hoffmann and chamisso / Reflejo y penumbra: el doble y el narcisismo en hoffman y chamisso

Esta é uma pesquisa qualitativa, em formato de ensaio, que realiza o estudo comparado de duas obras literárias, de A. Von Chamisso e E. T. A. Hoffmann, e de uma anotação do diário deste último para problematizar a repercussão de algumas formas de desestabilizações do Eu na dinâmica psíquica da neurose. O foco dos textos referidos está no fenômeno do duplo na sua forma negativizada, isto é, como o desaparecimento da imagem exterior que dá suporte ao Eu. As ausências da sombra e do reflexo são entendidas como representações metafóricas de uma alteração do Eu que engendra repercussões importantes na homeostase psíquica, sobretudo nas relações sociais de troca. Explora-se daí a menção no diário de Hoffmann de instrumentos ópticos para interrogar o uso desses aparelhos como modelos metapsicológicos na psicanálise. Salienta-se, ainda, a participação de processos de natureza estética na dinâmica psíquica do infamiliar, tomando como referência a ligação entre o conto de Hoffmann e o relato de Stendhal sobre a sua estadia em Florença.(AU)

This is a qualitative research, in essay format, which performs the comparative study of two literary works, by A. Von Chamisso and E. T. A. Hoffmann, and an annotation in the latter's diary to problematize the repercussion of some forms of destabilization of the Ego's in the psychic dynamics of neurosis. The focus of the referred texts is on the phenomenon of the double in its negative form, that is, as the disappearance of the outer image that supports the Ego. The absences of the shadow and the reflection are understood as metaphorical representations of an alteration of the Ego that generates important repercussions on psychic homeostasis, above all in social relationships of exchange. Thus, we analyze the mention of optical instruments in Hoffmann's diary to question the use of these devices as metapsychological models in psychoanalysis. Note, also, the participation of processes of aesthetic nature in the psychic dynamics of the uncanny, taking as reference the connection between Hoffmann's short story and Stendhal's account of his stay in Florence.(AU)

Este ensayo cualitativo realiza un estudio comparativo de dos obras literarias de A. Von Chamisso y de E. T. A. Hoffmann, junto con una anotación en el diario de este último para problematizar la repercusión de algunas formas de desestabilizaciones de la función del Yo en la dinámica psíquica de la neurosis. Los textos se centran en el fenómeno del doble en su forma negativa, como la desaparición de la imagen exterior que sostiene el Yo. Se entienden las ausencias de la penumbra y el reflejo como una representación metafórica de una alteración de la función del Yo que genera importantes repercusiones en la regulación psíquica, sobre todo en las relaciones de intercambio social. Se analiza la presencia en el diario de Hoffmann de instrumentos ópticos para discutir el uso de estos dispositivos como modelos metapsicológicos en psicoanálisis. Se destaca la reverberación de procesos de naturaleza estética en la dinámica psíquica de lo ominoso, tomando como referencia la conexión entre el cuento de Hoffmann y el relato de Stendhal sobre su estancia en Florencia.(AU)

O sujeito na ciência, na literatura fantástica e na psicanálise / The subject in science, fantastic literature, and psychoanalysis / El sujeto en la ciencia, la literatura fantástica y el psicoanálisis

Este trabalho discute a relação entre ciência moderna, literatura fantástica e psicanálise, tomando a primeira como pré-condição para a existência das duas últimas. Questionam-se quais elementos históricos e epistêmicos herdados da ciência se fazem presentes tanto na literatura fantástica como na psicanálise para, em seguida, situar a especificidade de cada uma delas. Adotam-se como categorias de análise as concepções lacanianas de sujeito e de discurso, estabelecendo uma conexão entre o procedimento científico e o discurso da histeria. Destacam-se as idiossincrasias da literatura fantástica, que é situada em relação a outros gêneros ou modalidades literárias, conforme a definição de Todorov, a saber: o estranho e o mágico. Para melhor mapear os limites desse território, buscam-se comparar a psicanálise e a literatura fantástica com a religião e a magia. Debate-se daí a tese de Todorov, que vaticina o desaparecimento do fantástico na segunda metade do século XX em decorrência da influência da psicanálise, que o teria tornado supérfluo. Diferentemente desse autor, defende-se que um dos principais obstáculos para o desenvolvimento da literatura fantástica na atualidade não é a concorrência da psicanálise, mas a presença de uma visão de mundo cientificista atrelada ao discurso capitalista. Nesse sentido, propõe-se que tanto a psicanálise como a literatura fantástica constituem formas de propiciar a expressão do sujeito, que se encontra elidida no cientificismo. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, bibliográfica, conceitual, de caráter ensaístico, que se fundamenta na contribuição de psicanalistas e críticos literários, além de epistemólogos e historiadores da ciência, cujo intuito é interrogar o lugar, a pertinência e os desafios da psicanálise na atualidade, tomando como foco a sua relação com a ciência e a literatura fantástica.

This work discusses the relationship between modern science, fantastic literature, and psychoanalysis, taking the former as a precondition for the existence of the latter two. It is questioned which historical and epistemic elements inherited from science are present both in fantastic literature and in psychoanalysis, to then situate the specificity of each of these. The Lacanian conceptions of subject and discourse are adopted as a category of analysis, thus establishing a connection between the scientific procedure and the discourse of hysteria. The idiosyncrasies of fantastic literature, which is situated in relation to other genres or literary modalities, as defined by Todorov, namely, the strange and the magical, are highlighted. One discusses the Todorov's thesis that predicts the disappearance of the fantastic literature in the second half of the 20th century due to the influence of psychoanalysis, which would have made it superfluous. Unlike this author, it is argued that one of the main obstacles to the development of fantastic literature today is not the competition of psychoanalysis, but the influence of a scientificist worldview linked to the capitalist's discourse. In this sense, it is proposed that both psychoanalysis and fantastic literature are ways of providing the expression of the subject, which is elidited in scientificism. It is, therefore, a qualitative, bibliographical, conceptual, essayistic research, which is based on the contribution of psychoanalysts and literary critics, in addition to epistemologists and historians of science in order to question the place, the relevance and the challenges of psychoanalysis today, focusing on its relationship with science and fantastic literature.

Este trabajo discute la relación entre la ciencia moderna, la Literatura Fantástica y el Psicoanálisis, tomando la primera como una condición previa para la existencia de las últimas. Se cuestiona qué elementos históricos y epistémicos heredados de la ciencia están presentes en la Literatura Fantástica y en el psicoanálisis, para luego ubicar la especificidad de cada uno de ellos. Se adoptan las concepciones lacanianas de sujeto y discurso como categorías de análisis, estableciendo una conexión entre el procedimiento científico y el discurso de la histeria. Luego, se destacan las idiosincrasias de la literatura fantástica, colocándola en relación con otros géneros o modalidades literarias, como lo define Todorov, a saber: lo extraño y lo mágico. Para mapear mejor los límites de este territorio, se busca situar el psicoanálisis y la Literatura Fantástica en relación con la religión y la magia. Luego se comenta la tesis de Todorov que predice la desaparición de lo fantástico en la segunda mitad del siglo XX debido a la influencia del psicoanálisis, que lo habría hecho superfluo. A diferencia de este autor, se argumenta que uno de los principales obstáculos para el desarrollo de Literatura Fantástica hoy en día no es la presencia concomitante del psicoanálisis, sino la influencia de una cosmovisión cientificista vinculada al discurso del capitalista. En este sentido, se propone que tanto el psicoanálisis como la literatura fantástica sean formas de proporcionar la expresión del sujeto, que se elude en el cientificismo. Esta es, por lo tanto, una investigación cualitativa, bibliográfica, conceptual, de estilo ensayo, que se basa en la contribución de psicoanalistas y críticos literarios, además de epistemólogos e historiadores de la Ciencia, para cuestionar cuál es el lugar, la relevancia y los desafíos del psicoanálisis em la actualidad, centrándose en su relación con la ciencia y la literatura fantástica.

A articulação teórica da associação livre / The theoretical articulation of free association

Mapeia-se o processo de articulação teórica da associação livre entre 1900 e 1913. Defende-se que esse procedimento só é nomeado e elevado à condição de regra fundamental retroativamente após avanços na técnica, na metapsicologia e na clínica. Inicialmente, as diretrizes da associação livre estão mescladas ao método de interpretação dos sonhos. Constituíram passos estratégicos em direção ao seu reconhecimento: a problematização do manejo da transferência, a constatação de um resquício de sugestão no vínculo analista-analisando, os desenvolvimentos metapsicológicos acerca da fantasia, as considerações sobre a função da abstinência no tratamento analítico e o debate sobre a modulação da atenção na escuta do analista e na fala do analisando. Realizam-se alguns apontamentos de caráter ético e epistemológico sobre a atualidade da associação livre, destacando-se a importância da participação do analista para a efetivação dessa técnica.

Notas psicanalíticas acerca das arquiteturas do infamiliar na literatura fantástica / Psychoanalytic notes on the architectures of the uncanny in fantastic literature

Defende-se que a literatura fantástica constitui um material valioso de pesquisa para o psicanalista, haja vista que ela está comprometida em evocar no leitor o sentimento do infamiliar (Unheimliche), entendido como a manifestação episódica de um conteúdo atávico do psiquismo que se encontrava até então em estado latente, acarretando a regressão ao narcisismo primário e a dissolução temporária e localizada das fronteiras do Eu. Propõe-se a expressão arquiteturas do infamiliar para designar a conjuntura estético-literária que caracteriza esse projeto narrativo. Para evidenciar a especificidade dos recursos textuais que favorecem esse arranjo, sua sintaxe é contraposta à dos chistes. Então, por meio da referência às concepções de anamorfose, leitor implícito, fantasia e construção, busca-se esclarecer os mecanismos psíquicos relacionados à leitura e à criação dos textos fantásticos, sublinhando o caráter volátil e mutante de suas temáticas e estratégias e a sua íntima relação com a cultura e o social. Pontua-se que o estudo desses artifícios literários podem trazer contribuições significativas para o entendimento das vicissitudes da fantasia e da delimitação dos limites do Eu e da realidade. Ao final, comenta-se o conto O homem de areia, de E. T. A. Hoffmann, à luz da proposta apresentada.

This paper defends that fantastic literature constitutes a valuable research material for the psychoanalyst, given that this literary modality is committed to evoking in the reader the feeling of the uncanny (Unheimliche), understood as an episodic manifestation of an atavistic in latent state psychic content, causing the regression to primary narcissism and a temporary and localized dissolution of the borders of the Self. The expression architectures of the uncanny is proposed to designate the aesthetic-literary conjuncture that characterizes this project. To highlight the specificity of the textual resources that favor this arrangement, its syntax is contrasted with that of jokes. Through the reference to the concepts of anamorphosis, implicit reader, fantasy and construction, one seeks to clarify the psychic mechanisms related to the reading and creation of fantastic texts, underlining the volatile and mutating character of their themes and strategies and their intimate relationship with culture and society. One argues that the study of these literary devices can bring significant contributions to the understanding of the delimitation of Self and reality, and the vicissitudes of fantasy as well. At the end, the short story The Sandman, by E. T. A. Hoffmann, is commented in the light of the this proposal.

Preliminary Studies to Characterize the Temporal Variation of Micronutrient Composition of the Above Ground Organs of Maize and Correlated Uptake Rates.

The improvement of agronomic practices and the use of high technology in field crops contributes for significant increases in maize productivity, and may have altered the dynamics of nutrient uptake and partition by the plant. Official recommendations for fertilizer applications to the maize crop in Brazil and in many countries are based on critical soil nutrient contents and are relatively outdated. Since the factors that interact in an agricultural production system are dynamic, mathematical modeling of the growth process turns out to be an appropriate tool for these studies. Agricultural modeling can expand our knowledge about the interactions prevailing in the soil-plant-atmosphere system. The objective of this study is to propose a methodology for characterizing the micronutrient composition of different organs and their extraction, and export during maize crop development, based on modeling nutrient uptake, crop potential evapotranspiration and micronutrient partitioning in the plant, considering the production environment. This preliminary characterization study (experimental growth analysis) considers the temporal variation of the micronutrient uptake rate in the aboveground organs, which defines crop needs and the critical nutrient content of the soil solution. The methodology allowed verifying that, initially, the highest fraction of dry matter, among aboveground organs, was assigned to the leaves. After the R1 growth stage, the largest part of dry matter was partitioned to the stalk, which in this growth stage is the main storage organ of the maize plant. During the reproductive phase, the highest fraction of dry matter was conferred to the reproductive organs, due to the high demand for carbohydrates for grain filling. The micronutrient (B, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn) content follows a power model, with higher values for the initial growth stages of development and leveling off to minimum values at the R6 growth stage. The proposed model allows to verify that fertilizer recommendations should be related to the temporal variability of micronutrient absorption rates, in contrast to the classic recommendation based on the critical soil micronutrient content. The maximum micronutrient absorption rates occur between the reproductive R4 and R5 growth stages. These evaluations allowed to predict the maximum micronutrient requirements, considered equal to respective stalk sap concentrations.

Diários de luto: um diálogo entre psicanálise e literatura em tempos de pandemia / Mourning Diaries: a dialogue between psychoanalysis and literature amidst a pandemic

Diante do negacionismo do governo brasileiro, que levou ao aumento exponencial do número de mortos pela COVID-19, aborda-se o trabalho de luto como um elemento no contexto das catástrofes coletivas que favorece uma tomada de posição política coletiva e uma elaboração subjetiva das situações traumáticas. Destaca-se, em seguida, como o luto comparece na literatura como uma estratégia de subjetivação do que foi perdido, sobretudo por meio da escrita de diários. Com base nos elementos teóricos de Freud sobre o luto e de Ferenczi acerca da apropriação do traumático, analisam-se três livros-diários de autores que descrevem o trabalho de luto (Rolland Barthes, Boris Fausto e Neal Peart). Verifica-se nesses textos como o luto promove um rearranjo das memórias, enodando o individual e o coletivo, o exterior e o interior, convocando um testemunho. Ele também favorece uma estabilização pulsional e narcísica, possibilitando novos endereçamentos e a construção de um projeto de vida futuro. Ao final, como contraponto ao desrespeito do governo federal em relação ao luto dos que perderam familiares e amigos durante a pandemia, reforça-se o dever de reconhecer o luto, valorizá-lo e oferecer suporte para a sua realização como estratégia política de promoção da saúde mental.

Faced with the Brazilian government's negationist attitude which led to the exponential increase of deaths by COVID-19, the work of mourning is approached, in this work, as an element in the context of collective catastrophes that favors a political stance and a subjective elaboration of traumatic situations. We will then underline how mourning appears in literature as a strategy of subjectivation of what has been lost, especially through the writing of diaries. Based on the theoretical elements of Freud on mourning and Ferenczi on the appropriation of the traumatic, three diaries by authors who describe the work of mourning (Rolland Barthes, Boris Fausto and Neal Peart) are analyzed. It can be seen in these texts how mourning promotes a rearrangement of memories, entangling the individual and the collective, the exterior and the interior, calling for testimony. It also favors instinctual and narcissistic stabilization, enabling new approaches and the construction of a future life project. In the end, as a counterpoint to the federal government's disrespect for the grief of those who lost relatives and friends during the pandemic, the duty to recognize grief, to value it and to offer support for its realization is highlighted as a political strategy to promote the mental health.

Considerações psicanalíticas sobre Os elixires do diabo, de E. T. A. Hoffmann / Psychoanalytic considerations on The elixirs of devil, by E. T. A. Hoffmann

Partimos da constatação de que, apesar de sua importância para o estabelecimento das concepções de infamiliar e duplo, Freud e Rank, por razões diferentes, optam por não se aprofundar nas suas considerações sobre o romance Os elixires do diabo. Situamos então esse livro no contexto da obra de E. T. A. Hoffmann para interrogar a sua relevância para a psicanálise. Destacamos que ele evidencia a dinâmica do Unheimliche e do duplo não apenas como temática do enredo, mas principalmente, como estratégia narrativa. Fazemos referência ao conceito de complexo de Édipo e às categorias lacanianas de Real, Simbólico, Imaginário, estabelecendo daí uma conexão com as sobredeterminações, repetições e ambiguidades que a história retrata.(AU)

This paper is based on the observation that, notwithstanding its importance for the establishment of the concepts of the uncanny and the double, Freud and Rank, for different reasons, did not elaborate on their considerations on the romance The devil’s elixirs. Thus, the novel is contextualized in Hoffmann’s work to question its relevance for psychoanalysis. It is noteworthy that the book highlights the dynamics of the Unheimliche and the double not only as a theme of the plot, but mainly as a narrative strategy. Reference is made to the concept of the Oedipus complex and the Lacanian categories of Real, Symbolic, Imaginary, establishing a connection with the overdeterminations, repetitions and ambiguities that the story portrays.(AU)

A Metapsicologia do Infamiliar e seu Lugar na Constituição Psíquica / The Uncanny´s Metapsychology and its Place on Psychic Constituition / La Metapsicología de lo Ominoso y su Lugar en la Constitución Psíquica

O artigo propõe discutir a inserção do Unheimliche no desenvolvimento do modelo de aparelho psíquico psicanalítico, relacionando-o com alguns conceitos metapsicológicos que o precederam e outros, posteriores, que se beneficiaram de sua influência. Para tanto, prioriza-se o tema da constituição psíquica na sua relação com as paramnésias. O conceito de narcisismo é trazido à baila para questionar as diferenças e semelhanças entre as definições de Infamiliar (Unheimliche) e estranhamento (Entfremdung). Comenta-se o conto de Borges O outro, o artigo freudiano Um distúrbio de memória na Acrópole e o texto de Tausk Ibsen, Der Apoteker para estabelecer um paralelo entre a ficção literária e as valências dos sentimentos de desrealização e dessubjetivação na clínica das neuroses. O conceito de fenômeno transicional de Winnicott e a problemática da alteridade que Lacan apresenta, em dois momentos de seu ensino, são debatidos a partir dos desdobramentos em torno do Infamiliar e da cisão do eu. Ao final, indaga-se o estatuto metapsicológico do Infamiliar como uma modalidade particular do retorno do recalcado, que mobiliza os limites do recalque primário, promovendo uma subversão temporária das fronteiras do Eu e da realidade, com consequências para pensarmos os modos diferenciais da constituição psíquica. (AU)

The article discusses the insertion of the Unheimliche in the development of the model of psychoanalytic psychic apparatus, relating it to some metapsychological concepts that preceded it and others, later, that benefited from its influence. To this end, the theme of psychic constitution is prioritized in its relationship with paramnesia. The concept of narcissism is brought up to question the differences and similarities between the definitions of Uncanny (Unheimliche) and estrangement (Entfremdung). One analyses a Borges short story The other, the freudian article A Memory Disorder in the Acropolis and the text by Tausk Ibsen, Der Apoteker to establish a parallel between literary fiction and the valences of feelings of derealization and desubjectivation in the clinic of neuroses. Winnicott's concept of transitional phenomenon and the problem of otherness that Lacan presents in two moments of his teaching are debated from the link between the concepts of Uncanny and split of the self. In the end, the metapsychological status of the Uncanny is investigated as a particular modality of return of the repressed, which mobilizes the limits of primary repression, promoting a temporary subversion of the boundaries of ego and reality, with consequences for thinking about the differential modes of psychic constitution. (AU)

El artículo discute la inserción del Unheimliche en el desarrollo del modelo de aparato psíquico psicoanalítico, relacionándolo con algunos conceptos metapsicológicos que lo precedieron y otros que se beneficiaron de su influencia. Para ello, se prioriza el tema de la constitución psíquica en su relación con la paramnesia. Se plantea el concepto de narcisismo para cuestionar las diferencias y similitudes entre las definiciones de Ominoso (Unheimliche) y alejamiento (Entfremdung). Se analiza un cuento de Borges El otro, el artículo freudiano Un trastorno de la memoria en la acrópolis y el texto de Tausk Ibsen, Der Apoteker para establecer un paralelismo entre la ficción literaria y las valencias de los sentimientos de desrealización y desubjetivación en las neurosis. El concepto de Winnicott de fenómeno transicional y el problema de la alteridad que Lacan presenta en dos momentos de su enseñanza son debatidos desde el vínculo entre los conceptos de Ominoso y escisión del yo. Al final, se problematiza lo Ominoso como una modalidad de retorno de lo reprimido, que moviliza los límites de la represión primaria, promoviendo una subversión temporal de los límites del Yo, con consecuencias para pensar en los modos diferenciales de constitución psíquica. (AU)

Ressonâncias do romantismo e da literatura fantástica na psicanálise / Les échos du Romantisme et de la Littérature fantastique en psychanalyse / Resonancias del romanticismo y la literatura fantástica en el psicoanálisis / Echoes of romanticism and fantastic literature in psychoanalysis

Resumo Mapeiam-se os processos históricos, estéticos e epistêmicos dos séculos XVIII e XIX que associam romantismo, literatura fantástica e psicanálise. Defende-se que o fantástico constitui um importante vetor por meio do qual elementos do romantismo foram incorporados ao modelo psicanalítico de aparelho psíquico. Parte-se da perspectiva de que a assimilação da influência romântica realizou-se de forma seletiva e criativa. Destacam-se alguns pontos de tensões e compromissos entre romantismo e o iluminismo, que foram retomados e transformados pelo fantástico e a psicanálise: as temáticas do amor, da loucura, da sexualidade, das superstições e dos mitos; o questionamento da relação entre o real e suas representações e entre pensamento e consciência; e a valorização do uso retórico da ironia. Aponta-se a abordagem psicanalítica do infamiliar (Unheimliche) como o momento mais sensível dessa interlocução.

Résumé Cet article cartographie les processus historiques, esthétiques et épistémiques des XVIIIe et XIXe siècles qui associent le romantisme, la littérature fantastique et la psychanalyse. On soutient que le fantastique constitue un vecteur important par lequel des éléments du romantisme ont été incorporés dans le modèle psychanalytique de l'appareil psychique. Cette perspective repose sur le fait que l'assimilation de l'influence romantique s'est déroulée de manière sélective et créative. On mit en évidence certains points de tension et de compromis entre le romantisme et les Lumières, repris et transformés par le fantastique et la psychanalyse : les thèmes de l'amour, de la folie, de la sexualité, des superstitions et des mythes ; la remise en cause du rapport entre le réel et ses représentations et entre la pensée et la conscience ; et l'usage rhétorique de l'ironie. On signale l'approche psychanalytique de l'Unheimliche comme le moment le plus sensible de cette interlocution.

Resumen Se cartografían los procesos históricos, estéticos y epistémicos del siglo XVIII y XIX que asocian el romanticismo, la literatura fantástica y el psicoanálisis. Se argumenta que lo fantástico es un importante vector a través del cual los elementos del romanticismo se han incorporado al modelo psicoanalítico del aparato psíquico. Se entiende que la asimilación de la influencia romántica se produjo de forma selectiva y creativa. Se destacan algunos puntos de tensión y compromiso entre el romanticismo y la ilustración que han sido asumidos y transformados por lo fantástico y el psicoanálisis: los temas del amor, la locura, la sexualidad, las supersticiones y los mitos; el cuestionamiento de la relación entre lo real y sus representaciones y entre pensamiento y conciencia; y la apreciación del uso retórico de la ironía. El enfoque psicoanalítico de lo ominoso (Unheimliche) se señala como el momento más sensible de esta interlocución.

Abstract This paper maps the historical, aesthetic, and epistemic processes of the 18th and 19th centuries that associate romanticism, fantastic literature and psychoanalysis. We argue that fantastic is an important vector through which elements of Romanticism were incorporated into the psychoanalytic model of the psyche. Assuming that such Romantic influences were assimilated selectively and creatively, we highlight some points of contention and compromise between romanticism and the Enlightenment that were later resumed and transformed by fantastic literature and psychoanalysis: the themes of love, madness, sexuality, superstitions and myths; the relationship between reality and its representations and between thought and consciousness; and the rhetorical use of irony. Finally, the text points to the psychoanalytic approach of the uncanny (Unheimliche) as the most sensitive moment of such exchange.

A escrita da história e do luto nas catástrofes coletivas / The writing of history and mouning in colletive disasters / La escritura de la historia y del luto en desastres colectivos

O presente artigo objetiva explorar, a partir das questões levantadas pela pandemia do Covid-19, a tensão e a pluralidade de sentidos que o conceito de desmentido assume no âmbito da psicanálise, considerando-se as acepções de Freud e Ferenczi. Busca-se uma articulação entre as contribuições desses dois autores para estabelecer daí uma descrição das consequências de uma política negacionista que perpetua e agrava as vulnerabilidades e o sofrimento da população mais desfavorecida, sobretudo em situações de catástrofes coletivas, como a atual. Criam-se daí obstáculos ao trabalho de simbolização e elaboração de lutos, limitando consideravelmente as possibilidades de construção de uma resposta política solidária, ampla, efetiva e duradoura. Problematiza-se então a relação entre a escrita da História e a dimensão coletiva do luto. Propõe-se, a partir de Freud e Ginzburg, a valorização da melancolia e da vergonha como estratégia de resistência discursiva a uma política negacionista alicerçada no desmentido (AU).

This article explores, based on the issues raised by the Covid-19 pandemic, the tension and the plurality of meanings that the concept of denial assumes in the scope of psychoanalysis. An articulation between the contributions of Freud and Ferenczi is sought to establish a description of the consequences of a negationist policy that perpetuates and exacerbates the vulnerabilities and suffering of the most disadvantaged population, especially in situations of collective catastrophes, such as the current one. This creates obstacles to the work of symbolizing and elaborating mourning, considerably limiting the possibilities of building a solidary, broad, effective and lasting political response. Then, the relationship between the writing of history and the collective dimension of mourning is questioned. It is proposed, from Freud and Ginzburg, the valorization of melancholy and shame as a strategy of discursive resistance to a negationist policy based on denial (AU).

Este artículo explora, en base a los problemas planteados por la pandemia de Covid-19, la tensión y la pluralidad de significados que el concepto de negación asume en el ámbito del psicoanálisis. Se busca una articulación entre las contribuciones de Freud y Ferenczi sobre este tema para establecer una descripción de las consecuencias de una política negacionista que perpetúa y exacerba las vulnerabilidades y el sufrimiento de la población más desfavorecida, especialmente en situaciones de catástrofes colectivas, como la actual. A partir de esto, se crean obstáculos para el trabajo de simbolizar y elaborar el duelo, lo que limita considerablemente las posibilidades de construir una respuesta política solidaria, amplia, efectiva y duradera. Luego, se cuestiona la relación entre la escritura de la historia y la dimensión colectiva del duelo. Se propone entonces la valorización de la melancolía y la vergüenza como estrategia de resistencia discursiva a una política negacionista (AU).

"Ciência da mãe": modos de cuidados clínicos com bebês prematuros à luz da teoria psicanalítica / "Science of the mother": modes of cinical care with premature babies in the light of the psychoanalytic theory / "Ciencia de la madre": modos de atención clínica con bebés prematuros a la luz de la teoría psicanalítica

O presente artigo tem como objetivo investigar os modos de cuidados clínicos com bebês prematuros internados em uma Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal (UTIN), à luz do referencial teórico da psicanálise, considerando os processos de instauração do sujeito e apontando para possíveis contribuições à atenção em saúde mental de bebês. A escuta psicanaliticamente orientada e as observações norteadas pelo uso do instrumento Indicadores de Risco para o Desenvolvimento Infantil (IRDI) compuseram as notas do diário de campo e permitiram a apresentação de vinhetas que ilustram a construção de possíveis dispositivos de trabalho clínico. Destaca-se a importância da sustentação de um espaço de escuta no qual se sobressaia o discurso familiar sobre o bebê, possibilitando a produção de narrativas singulares.

This article aims to investigate the clinical care modalities with premature newborn infants admitted to a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU), in the light of the theoretical framework of psychoanalysis, considering the processes of instituting the subject and pointing to possible contributions to care in mental health of babies. The psychoanalytically oriented listening and the observations guided by the use of the Risk Indicators for Child Development (IRDI) instrument compose the notes of the field diary and allowed the presentation of vignettes that illustrate the construction of possible clinical work devices. It stands out the importance of supporting the space of listening in which the familiar discourse on the baby, making possible the production of singular narratives.

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo investigar los modos de atención clínica con bebés prematuros internados en una Unidad de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal (UTIN), a la luz del referencial teórico del psicoanálisis, considerando los procesos de instauración del sujeto y apuntando para posibles contribuciones a la atención en salud mental de los bebés. La escucha psicoanalítica orientada y las observaciones orientadas por el uso del instrumento Indicadores de Riesgo para el Desarrollo Infantil (IRDI) compusieron las notas del diario de campo y permitieron la presentación de viñetas que ilustran la construcción de posibles dispositivos de trabajo clínico. Se destaca la importancia de la sustentación de un espacio de escucha en el que se sobresalía el discurso familiar sobre el bebé, posibilitando la producción de narrativas singulares.