[Optimisation of risk and crisis communication of governments, authorities and public health institutions-challenges in long-lasting crises illustrated by the COVID-19 pandemic]. / Optimierung der Risiko- und Krisenkommunikation von Regierungen, Behörden und Organisationen der Gesundheitssicherung ­ Herausforderungen in lang anhaltenden Krisen am Beispiel der COVID-19-Pandemie.

The COVID-19 pandemic demonstrates the great importance of risk and crisis communication. In a dynamic situation, authorities and policymakers face the challenge of dealing with a large amount of data, reviewing it and communicating it in a way that is appropriate for diverse target groups. Comprehensible and unambiguous information on risks and options for action make a significant contribution to the objective and subjective safety of the population. Hence, there is a great need to use the experience gained from the pandemic to optimize risk and crisis communication.Digitalization enables multimodal arrangements - that is, the combination of text, graphics, icons, images, animations and sound. These arrangements play an increasingly important role in risk and crisis communication. It is of interest to what extent the communicative interaction of authorities, media and other public actors in crisis preparation and management in view of a complex public can be improved with the help of target group-specific communication and how legal certainty can be ensured for official and media practice. Accordingly, the article pursues three objectives:1. It describes the challenges faced by authorities and media actors in pandemic communication.2. It shows the role of multimodal arrangements as well as the necessary research perspectives to grasp the complexity of communicative crisis management in the federal system.3. It provides a rationale for how an interdisciplinary research network from the fields of media, communication and law can gain insights into the evidence-based use of multimodal communication.