Childhood Loss Experiences, Religiousness/Spirituality, and Hope as Predictors of Adult Life Satisfaction.

Purpose The purpose of this study was to explore how adaptive patterns of religiousness/spirituality and hope predict adult life satisfaction in adults, even if they had childhood loss experiences.Design and Methods Using a cross-sectional survey design with132 adult participants (mean age 33.8 ± 15.2, 82% female, 78% Caucasian) we estimated two hierarchical regression models to examine how dimensions of religiousness/spirituality (Brief Multidimensional Measure of Religiousness/Spirituality) and hope (Herth Hope Index) predicted adult life satisfaction (Satisfaction with Life Scale) after controlling for effects of adverse childhood experiences (Adverse Childhood Experiences Study Questionnaire) or chronic sorrow from childhood loss (Kendall Chronic Sorrow Instrument).Results When effects of adverse childhood experiences (ACE) were controlled, higher levels of hope (ß = .416, p < .001) and forgiveness (ß = .273, p = .023) and lower levels of religious/spiritual values/beliefs (ß = -.298, p = .014) predicted higher levels of adult life satisfaction. ACE remained a significant predictor of adult life satisfaction in the final model. When controlling for effects of chronic sorrow, higher life satisfaction was predicted only by forgiveness (ß = .379, p = .003), values/beliefs (ß = -.354, p = .007), and hope (ß = .357, p < .001), with chronic sorrow not a significant predictor of adult life satisfaction in the final model.Conclusion: Greater life satisfaction for adult survivors of childhood loss experiences could be promoted by interventions to enhance hope and foster forgiveness. These adult survivors may also need support as they engage with religious/spiritual struggle to reconcile their values and beliefs with childhood loss.

Healing from Childhood Loss.

Childhood loss creates environmental challenges that disrupt the integrity of body-mind-spirit, having profound lifelong effects on both health outcomes and life satisfaction. The author in this report describes a middle-range theory of healing childhood loss, which can be used to guide practice and research. Theoretical influences are Levine's conservation model of nursing, the theory of chronic sorrow, and the adverse childhood experiences pyramid. Strategies to support healing of childhood loss are particularly needed and timely during this worldwide COVID-19 pandemic, with prolonged disruption of normal childhood activities and concern about a possible increased incidence of adverse childhood experiences.

Evaluating nurse staffing patterns and neonatal intensive care unit outcomes using Levine's Conservation Model of Nursing.

AIMS: To explore the influences of intensity of nursing care and consistency of nursing caregivers on health and economic outcomes using Levine's Conservation Model of Nursing as the guiding theoretical framework. BACKGROUND: Professional nursing practice models are increasingly being used although limited research is available regarding their efficacy. METHOD: A structural equation modelling approach tested the influence of intensity of nursing care (direct care by professional nurses and patient-nurse ratio) and consistency of nursing caregivers on morbidity and resource utilization in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) setting using primary nursing. RESULTS: Consistency of nursing caregivers served as a powerful mediator of length of stay and the duration of mechanical ventilation, supplemental oxygen therapy and parenteral nutrition. Analysis of nursing intensity indicators revealed that a mix of professional nurses and assistive personnel was effective. CONCLUSIONS: Providing consistency of nursing caregivers may significantly improve both health and economic outcomes. New evidence was found to support the efficacy of the primary nursing model in the NICU. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT: Designing nursing care delivery systems in acute inpatient settings with an emphasis on consistency of nursing caregivers could improve health outcomes, increase organizational effectiveness, and enhance satisfaction of nursing staff, patients, and families.

A theory of health promotion for preterm infants based on Levine's Conservation Model of Nursing.

The infant born prior to the completion of term gestation faces many challenges in order to merely survive in the extrauterine environment. A preterm birth is also a time of extreme crisis for the family. There is a great need for the refinement of nursing practice models for neonatal intensive care nursing, to assure that the holistic nursing care needs of the infant and family are met. This article describes a new middle range theory of health promotion for preterm infants based on Levine's conservation model of nursing that can be used to guide neonatal nursing practice.