Effect of peri-operative crystalloid fluid rate on circulating hyaluronan in healthy dogs: A pilot study.

Hypervolemia can damage the endothelial glycocalyx, a key regulator of vascular permeability, coagulation and inflammation. A starting peri-operative crystalloid fluid rate of 5mL/kg/h is recommended for healthy dogs undergoing elective procedures but higher rates continue to be commonly used. This study aimed to determine if a higher starting perioperative fluid rate was associated with a greater increase in plasma concentrations of hyaluronan, a marker correlated with glycocalyx damage, in systemically healthy dogs undergoing elective surgical procedures. Based on a sample size calculation, 38 dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy or castration were randomly assigned to receive lactated Ringer's at a starting perioperative fluid rate of 10mL/kg/h (n=19) or 5mL/kg/h (n=19). Plasma hyaluronan concentrations were measured by ELISA in pre- and post-fluid therapy samples. There were no significant differences between groups in hyaluronan values before (baseline, P=0.52) or after perioperative fluid administration (P=0.62). Compared to respective baseline values, hyaluronan values significantly increased following 5 and 10ml/kg/h fluid administration (P=0.02 for both comparisons). This preliminary study identified an increase in hyaluronan over the course of fluid therapy with both the low and high fluid rate. One possible explanation is that both fluid rates contribute to glycocalyx disruption, but it should be emphasized that hyaluronan is not specific to the glycocalyx. Further studies are needed to determine the origin of the increased circulating hyaluronan and its clinical significance in dogs undergoing elective surgical procedures.

Mannose 6-phosphate-independent endocytosis of beta-glucuronidase. II. Purification of a cation-dependent receptor from bovine liver.

A new binding protein, which recognizes a specific peptide sequence from pronase digested bovine beta-glucuronidase, has been isolated from bovine liver membranes. Prior work has shown that this peptide (IIIb2) contains a Ser-X-Ser sequence, where X might be a posttranslational modified Trp. This receptor was detergent-extracted from total bovine liver membranes and purified by affinity chromatography on a bovine beta-glucuronidase-Sepharose and a IIIb2 peptide-Sepharose column. Binding of bovine beta-glucuronidase to the isolated receptor requires divalent cations, and their presence was necessary to maintain the receptor-ligand complex. Only the peptide sequence containing the fraction IIIb2 was able to impair the binding of the bovine enzyme to the receptor, no other peptide from bovine beta-glucuronidase had an effect on binding. When analyzed by SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions, two bands were observed, a major band of 78 kDa and a faint band of 72 kDa. Rabbit antibodies against this binding protein revealed the presence of the 78 kDa protein in membranes from bovine liver, human and bovine fibroblasts. These antibodies impaired human fibroblasts endocytosis of the bovine but not of the human beta-glucuronidase, which is taken up by a 300 kDa receptor that recognizes phosphomannosyl moieties in the enzyme.

Mannose 6-phosphate-independent endocytosis of beta-glucuronidase by human fibroblasts. I. Evidence for the existence of a membrane-binding activity.

Prior work has shown that endocytosis of bovine beta-glucuronidase by human fibroblasts can be mediated by the existence of a Man6P-independent receptor for the recapture and targeting to lysosomes. In this study, we have isolated a peptide (IIIb2) from pronase digested bovine beta-glucuronidase that behaved as competitive inhibitor of the endocytosis of bovine beta-glucuronidase by human fibroblasts. This peptide contained a Ser-X-Ser sequence, where X is probably a posttranslational modified Trp. Antibodies raised against this peptide impaired the endocytosis of the bovine but not the human beta-glucuronidase, implying that the new recognition marker for the endocytosis of acid hydrolases might reside in a single discrete stretch of amino acid sequence. On the other hand, bovine beta-glucuronidase has been shown to bind specifically to receptors of human fibroblast membranes. The binding was saturable, divalent cation-dependent and was competitively inhibited by the IIIb2 peptide, but not by mannose 6-phosphate. Results presented suggested an interplay between manganese concentrations, temperature and pH on the dissociation of the beta-glucuronidase-receptor complexes. All together, these data reinforce the presence of two endocytic systems for the recapture and targeting of beta-glucuronidase in human fibroblasts.

Surgical procedure in rheumatoid foot deformities: the experience for the Rheumatoorthopedics Department at the Institute of Rheumatology in Warsaw.

This article presents the principles governing surgical procedures in foot deformations operated at the Rheumatoorthopedics Department of the Institute of Rheumatology. The pathophysiology of foot deformities in the course of RA is discussed; indications and contraindications for surgical and conservative treatment are also given, as well as the principles for postoperative treatment.

Low temperatures in post-operative knee rehabilitation in rheumatoid arthritis patients.

Low temperatures were applied (in addition to kinesitherapy), in the form of injected air cooled to -75 C and CO2, to 22 patients (34 knees) recovering from total knee alloplasty or synovectomy. Each procedure lasted 5-7 minutes. The control group consisted o 22 patients (34 knees) treated with kinesitherapy only.
The range of active and passive flexion and extension in the operated knee joint was tested twice, once before the experiment began and once after the third week. During this period the subjective feeling of pain was also observed.
The results were analyzed statistically using the t-Student test. Upon comparison of the results obtained by patients from both tested groups, it can be stated that the addition of low temperatures to the program of post-operative rehabilitation of the knee enables:
- faster and more effective pain relief;
- faster increase in the range of movement, especially flexion, in the operated knees.
These results justify the conclusion that this method should be recommended in rehabilitation of the knee after surgery.

[Endoprostheses for one hip and both knee joints in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis after supracondylar fractures of both femurs]. / Endoprotezoplastyka jednego stawu biodrowego i obu stawów kolanowych u chorej na reumatoidalne zapalenie stawów po zlamaniu dalszych przynasad obu kosci udowych.

The paper presents a case of hip prosthesis and ambilateral knee prosthesis after ambilateral supracondylar fractures of the femur healed in malposition in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis. The knee prosthesis were implanted without application of the femoral intramedullare rod. Three prosthesis were successfully implanted over a period of 8 weeks, obtaining pain relief and satisfactory range of movement.

Isolation of an inhibitor for the independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor endocytosis of bovine beta-glucuronidase by human fibroblasts.

Adsorptive endocytosis of bovine beta-glucuronidase by human fibroblasts is mediated by two different membrane receptors: one recognizes phosphomannosyl residues on the enzyme, the other is yet a undefined recognition marker (A. González-Noriega, R. Coutiño, V. M. Saavedra, and R. Barrera (1989) Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 268, 649-658). We have purified a bovine liver inhibitor for the endocytosis of the bovine beta-glucuronidase mediated by the recently proposed recognition marker. The inhibitor is partially susceptible to periodate oxidation, can be released from a peptide backbone by mild alkali treatment, can be reduced by sodium borohydride, and can be adsorbed to anionic but not to cationic resins. Although the chemical structure of the isolated marker has not been determined, results indicate a 122-Da molecule which may contain amino alcohol groups and may be found in a 1800-Da glycosidic chain.

Entamoeba histolytica: specific antigen recognized by a monoclonal antibody.

Specific antigenic determinants on the membrane surface of Entamoeba histolytica that distinguish it from other Entamoeba species were demonstrated. Evidence for these antigenic determinants was obtained with a monoclonal antibody to E. histolytica which showed not only specificity but also sensitivity as demonstrated in enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Immunofluorescence microscopy showed that the monoclonal antibody recognized an epitope present on the membrane surface of E. histolytica trophozoites. The epitope detected by the monoclonal antibody was present in three components of different molecular weight. These components may have a common precursor or may be the result of enzymatic degradation under the conditions tested.

[Shape optimization of the femoral component of hip prosthesis using the finite element method]. / Optymalizacja ksztaltu czesci udowej endoprotezy stawu biodrowego metoda elementów skonczonych.

Aseptic loosening of implants in bone is the main reason of prosthesis failure. Stress distribution around the implant surface plays a major role in this process, which can be minimized by implant shape optimization. Numerical methods, particularly the finite element method, are an important tool in the analysis of stress distribution and design optimization. The paper presents the problem formulation for this method, illustrated by computational examples.

Caracterización inmunológica de un anticuerpo monoclonal específico para E. Histolytica / Inmunological characterization of an specific monoclonal antibody for E. histolytica

En este reporte informamos sobre la caracterización de un anticuerpo monoclonal contra E. histolytica. El anticuerpo mostró ser específico para E. histolytica ya que no reaccionó por inmunofluorescencia ni por la prueba de ELISA como otras Entamoeba, específicamente con E. moshkovskii, E. invadens y de la cepa Laredo de tipo E. histolytica. Los estudios de inmunoelectrotransferencia de un antígeno de membrana de E. histolytica indican que el anticuerpo monoclonal reconoce tres polipéptidos de diferente peso molecular, que pueden ser el resultado de un precursor comín o debido a un artefacto causado por la degradación enzimática de uno de los componentes de la amiba