ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Identify the inequalities and sociodemographic characteristics that negatively affect maternal mortality in the department of La Guajira, Colombia. METHODS: A descriptive study was conducted in which cases of maternal deaths in the department of La Guajira between 2010 and 2012 were analyzed, based on data from secondary sources. The difference in rates, rate ratio, population attributable risk percent, and Gini and concentration coefficients were calculated. RESULTS: 54 maternal deaths were recorded, 61.1% of which were indigenous and 16.7% Afro-Colombians; the majority did not have any schooling (33.3%) or only primary schooling (29.6%). Inequalities in the difference of rates, rate ratio, and population attributable risk percent were calculated for La Guajira and other departments in the Caribbean region and in Colombia; however, the differences were not reflected in the Gini and concentration coefficients. CONCLUSIONS: Maternal mortality was significantly higher in indigenous women than in non-indigenous women. Sexual and reproductive health programs should be strengthened and maternal health policies improved through a multicultural approach to eliminate or reduce inequalities related to maternal mortality in this population.
Subject(s)
Maternal Mortality , Social Determinants of Health , Socioeconomic Factors , Adolescent , Adult , Child , Colombia/epidemiology , Educational Status , Ethnicity/statistics & numerical data , Female , Health Services Needs and Demand , Humans , Insurance Coverage , Maternal Health Services , Middle Aged , Pregnancy , Young AdultABSTRACT
AIMS: To assess the association between sociodemographic and clinical factors with body mass index (BMI) in a population at risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in Bogotá and Barranquilla, Colombia. METHODS: This cross-sectional study used data from the PREDICOL Study. Participants with a FINDRISC ≥ 12 who underwent an Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) were included in the study (n=1166). The final analytical sample size was 1101 participants. Those with missing data were excluded from the analysis (n=65). The main outcome was body mass index (BMI), which was categorized as normal, overweight, and obese. We utilized unadjusted and adjusted ordinal logistic regression analysis to calculate odds ratios (OR) and 95â¯% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS: The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 41â¯% (n=449) and 47â¯% (n=517), respectively. Participants with a 2-hour glucose ≥139â¯mg/dl had 1.71 times higher odds of being overweight or obese (regarding normal weight) than participants with normal 2-hour glucose values. In addition, being a woman, waist circumference altered, and blood pressure >120/80â¯mmHg were statistically significantly associated with a higher BMI. CONCLUSION: Strategies to control glycemia, blood pressure, and central adiposity are needed in people at risk of T2D. Future studies should be considered with a territorial and gender focus, considering behavioral, and sociocultural patterns.
Subject(s)
Biomarkers , Blood Glucose , Body Mass Index , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 , Obesity , Humans , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/epidemiology , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/diagnosis , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/blood , Colombia/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Male , Risk Factors , Middle Aged , Prevalence , Blood Glucose/metabolism , Obesity/epidemiology , Obesity/diagnosis , Adult , Biomarkers/blood , Urban Health , Risk Assessment , Glucose Tolerance Test , Aged , Odds Ratio , Sex Factors , Blood Pressure , Sociodemographic Factors , Logistic Models , Waist CircumferenceABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Nutritional habits low in fruits and vegetables and sedentary lifestyle are associated with a higher risk of developing Type 2 Diabetes (T2D). However, it is important to assess differences between urban and rural areas. This study aimed to analyze the associations between the risk of developing T2D and setting in the Colombian north coast in 2017. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 1,005 subjects. Data was collected by interviewing self-identified members of an urban community and a rural-indigenous population. The interaction terms were evaluated as well as the confounders. Then, adjusted binary logistic regressions were used to estimate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% Confidence Intervals (CI). RESULTS: subjects with a high risk of T2D are more likely to belong to the urban setting (OR = 1.908; 95%CI = 1.201-2.01) compared with those with lower T2D after adjusting for age, Body Mass Index (BMI), physical activity, history of high levels of glycemia, and diabetes in relatives. CONCLUSIONS: Urban communities are more likely to have T2D compared with rural-indigenous populations. These populations have differences from the cultural context, including personal, and lifestyle factors.
ABSTRACT
OBJETIVO: Identificar las desigualdades y las características sociodemográficas que inciden negativamente en la mortalidad materna en el departamento de La Guajira, Colombia. MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, en el que se analizaron los casos de muerte materna ocurridos en el departamento de La Guajira entre 2010 y 2012, a partir de datos de fuentes secundarias. Se calculó la diferencia de las tasas, la razón de las tasas y el riesgo atribuible poblacional porcentual, además de los índices de Gini y de concentración. RESULTADOS: Se registraron 54 muertes maternas, de ellas, 61,1% eran indígenas y 16,7% afrocolombianas; la mayoría no tenía ningún estudio (33,3%) o solo estudios primarios (29,6%). Se encontraron desigualdades en la diferencia de las tasas, la razón de las tasas y el riesgo atribuible poblacional porcentual, entre La Guajira y otros departamentos de la región Caribe y del país; sin embargo, esas diferencias no se reflejaron en los índices de Gini y de concentración. CONCLUSIONES: La mortalidad materna fue significativamente más elevada en las mujeres indígenas en comparación con las no indígenas. Se deben fortalecer los programas de salud sexual y reproductiva y adelantar dentro de las políticas de salud materna un enfoque multicultural para eliminar o reducir las desigualdades relacionadas con la mortalidad materna en esta población.
OBJECTIVE: Identify the inequalities and sociodemographic characteristics that negatively affect maternal mortality in the department of La Guajira, Colombia. METHODS: A descriptive study was conducted in which cases of maternal deaths in the department of La Guajira between 2010 and 2012 were analyzed, based on data from secondary sources. The difference in rates, rate ratio, population attributable risk percent, and Gini and concentration coefficients were calculated. RESULTS: 54 maternal deaths were recorded, 61.1% of which were indigenous and 16.7% Afro-Colombians; the majority did not have any schooling (33.3%) or only primary schooling (29.6%). Inequalities in the difference of rates, rate ratio, and population attributable risk percent were calculated for La Guajira and other departments in the Caribbean region and in Colombia; however, the differences were not reflected in the Gini and concentration coefficients. CONCLUSIONS: Maternal mortality was significantly higher in indigenous women than in non-indigenous women. Sexual and reproductive health programs should be strengthened and maternal health policies improved through a multicultural approach to eliminate or reduce inequalities related to maternal mortality in this population.