Microwave-Assisted Atom Transfer Radical Cyclization in the Synthesis of 3,3-Dichloro-γ- and δ-Lactams from N-Alkenyl-Tethered Trichloroacetamides Catalyzed by RuCl2(PPh3)3 and Their Cytotoxic Evaluation.

An expeditious synthesis of γ- and δ-lactams from tethered alkenyl trichloroacetamides in the presence of 5% of RuCl2(PPh3)3 is reported. In this investigation we have demonstrated that microwave activation significantly enhances reaction rates, leading to the formation of the corresponding lactams in yields ranging from good to excellent. Thus, we have been able to prepare a wide range of lactams, including indole and morphan bicyclic scaffolds, where the corresponding reactions were completely diastereoselective. This process was successfully extended to α,α-dichloroamides without affecting either their yield or their diastereoselectivity. Some of the lactams prepared in this work were evaluated for their hemolytic and cytotoxic responses. All compounds were found to be non-hemolytic at the tested concentration, indicating their safety profile in terms of blood cell integrity. Meanwhile, they exhibited interesting cytotoxicity responses that depend on both their lactam structure and cell line. Among the molecules tested, γ-lactam 2a exhibited the lowest IC50 values (100-250 µg/mL) as a function of its cell line, with promising selectivity against squamous carcinoma cells (A431) in comparison with fibroblasts (3T3 cell line).

Insight into the Antioxidant Activity of Ascorbic Acid-Containing Gelatin Nanoparticles in Simulated Chronic Wound Conditions.

Chronic wounds differ from acute wounds by remaining in the inflammatory phase for a long time. This chronic inflammation confers a high concentration of inflammatory cytokines, proteases, and ROS. Likewise, the pH environment of chronic wounds has been recorded within the range of 7.2-8.9 due to the alkaline by-products of bacterial proliferation. In this work, differences in pH between healthy skin and chronic cutaneous wounds have been used for the design and development of pH-responsive gelatin-based nanoparticles (NPs). Ascorbic acid (AA), as an antioxidant compound that can neutralize reactive oxygen species (ROS), has been the therapeutic model compound included in these NPs. The goal of the present work has been the preparation and characterization (physicochemical and biological properties) of NPs for the effective release of AA under simulated chronic wound conditions. In vitro experiments demonstrated total AA release at pH corresponding to the chronic wounds. The biocompatible character of these gelatin-based NPs based on their hemolytic and cytotoxicity responses has been highlighted under in vitro conditions. The reversible and protective antioxidant properties of the AA-including NPs in erythrocytes and skin cell lines, respectively, have been confirmed to be modulated by the gelatin A gel strength.

Copper-Catalyzed Continuous-Flow Transfer Hydrogenation of Nitroarenes to Anilines: A Scalable and Reliable Protocol.

A robust supported catalyst that is made up of copper nanoparticles on Celite has been successfully prepared for the selective transfer hydrogenation of aromatic nitrobenzenes to anilines under continuous flow. The method is efficient and environmentally benign thanks to the absence of hydrogen gas and precious metals. Long-term stability studies show that the catalytic system is able to achieve very high nitrobenzene conversion (>99%) when working for up to 145 h. The versatility of the transfer hydrogenation system has been tested using representative examples of nitroarenes, with moderate-to-excellent yields being obtained. The packed bed reactor (PBR) permits the use of a setup that can provide products via simple isolation by SPE without the need for further purification. The recovery and reuse of either EG or the ion-exchange resin leads to consistent waste reduction; therefore, E-factor distribution analysis has highlighted the environmental efficiency of this synthetic protocol.

In-House 3D Printed Positioning and Cutting Guide System for Mandibular Reconstruction. Protocol and case report.

Maxillofacial surgery planning has been improved by technological advances in 3D printing. The use of customized cutting and positioning guides allows intraoperative reproduction of pre-planned osteotomy cuts, resulting in increased surgical accuracy, reduced surgical time and improved esthetic and functional outcomes. Our paper presents a new method for creating and printing in-house cutting and positioning guides. A computer program (Brainlab iPlan) was used to segment the mandible for three-dimensional planning from imported conventional computed tomography (CT) scans. The virtual model of the mandible was printed on a stereolithography (SLA) 3D printer and a reconstruction plate was adapted to the printed model. The surface of the model and the screw-retained plate was scanned using a structured light surface 3D scanner (Artec Eva). The obtained scan of the jaw and plate in position was processed and transformed into an STL file. Free software (Autodesk Meshmixer) superimposes the initial jaw on the scanned jaw with the plate, designing a customized hybrid cutting guide that allows accurate intraoperative positioning, knowing the exact position of the reconstruction plate screws in the jaw. The total design, fabrication and 3D printing time for the in-house hybrid guide was 595 min. The average total printing cost was EUR 16. We found the technique to be simple and repeatable. We present and describe here a novel and simple technique for in-house 3D printed positioning and cutting guide system which can be applied to overall maxillofacial area. In cases of mandibular reconstruction, this protocol guarantees an adequate esthetic and functional result. Key words:Oral cancer, 3D surgery, CAD/CAM, personalized medicine, surgical guides, in house.

Qualitative study of challenges with recruitment of hospitals into a cluster controlled trial of clinical decision support in Australia.

OBJECTIVE: To identify barriers to hospital participation in controlled cluster trials of clinical decision support (CDS) and potential strategies for addressing barriers. DESIGN: Qualitative descriptive design comprising semistructured interviews. SETTING: Five hospitals in New South Wales and one hospital in Queensland, Australia. PARTICIPANTS: Senior hospital staff, including department directors, chief information officers and those working in health informatics teams. RESULTS: 20 senior hospital staff took part. Barriers to hospital-level recruitment primarily related to perceptions of risk associated with not implementing CDS as a control site. Perceived risks included reductions in patient safety, reputational risk and increased likelihood that benefits would not be achieved following electronic medical record (EMR) implementation without CDS alerts in place. Senior staff recommended clear communication of trial information to all relevant stakeholders as a key strategy for boosting hospital-level participation in trials. CONCLUSION: Hospital participation in controlled cluster trials of CDS is hindered by perceptions that adopting an EMR without CDS is risky for both patients and organisations. The improvements in safety expected to follow CDS implementation makes it challenging and counterintuitive for hospitals to implement EMR without incorporating CDS alerts for the purposes of a research trial. To counteract these barriers, clear communication regarding the evidence base and rationale for a controlled trial is needed.

Acute ketone supplementation in the absence of muscle glycogen utilization: Insights from McArdle disease.

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Ketone supplementation is gaining popularity. Yet, its effects on exercise performance when muscle glycogen cannot be used remain to be determined. McArdle disease can provide insight into this question, as these patients are unable to obtain energy from muscle glycogen, presenting a severely impaired physical capacity. We therefore aimed to assess the effects of acute ketone supplementation in the absence of muscle glycogen utilization (McArdle disease). METHODS: In a randomized cross-over design, patients with an inherited block in muscle glycogen breakdown (i.e., McArdle disease, n = 8) and healthy controls (n = 7) underwent a submaximal (constant-load) test that was followed by a maximal ramp test, after the ingestion of a placebo or an exogenous ketone ester supplement (30 g of D-beta hydroxybutyrate/D 1,3 butanediol monoester). Patients were also assessed after carbohydrate (75 g) ingestion, which is currently considered best clinical practice in McArdle disease. RESULTS: Ketone supplementation induced ketosis in all participants (blood [ketones] = 3.7 ± 0.9 mM) and modified some gas-exchange responses (notably increasing respiratory exchange ratio, especially in patients). Patients showed an impaired exercise capacity (-65 % peak power output (PPO) compared to controls, p < 0.001) and ketone supplementation resulted in a further impairment (-11.6 % vs. placebo, p = 0.001), with no effects in controls (p = 0.268). In patients, carbohydrate supplementation resulted in a higher PPO compared to ketones (+21.5 %, p = 0.001) and a similar response was observed vs. placebo (+12.6 %, p = 0.057). CONCLUSIONS: In individuals who cannot utilize muscle glycogen but have a preserved ability to oxidize blood-borne glucose and fat (McArdle disease), acute ketone supplementation impairs exercise capacity, whereas carbohydrate ingestion exerts the opposite, beneficial effect.

Drug-Drug Interactions and Actual Harm to Hospitalized Patients: A Multicentre Study Examining the Prevalence Pre- and Post-Electronic Medication System Implementation.

INTRODUCTION: Drug-drug interactions (DDIs) have potential to cause patient harm, including lowering therapeutic efficacy. This study aimed to (i) determine the prevalence of potential DDIs (pDDIs); clinically relevant DDIs (cDDIs), that is, DDIs that could lead to patient harm, taking into account a patient's individual clinical profile, drug effects and severity of potential harmful outcome; and subsequent actual harm among hospitalized patients and (ii) examine the impact of transitioning from paper-based medication charts to electronic medication management (eMM) on DDIs and patient harms. METHODS: This was a secondary analysis of the control arm of a controlled pre-post study. Patients were randomly selected from three Australian hospitals. Retrospective chart review was conducted before and after the implementation of an eMM system, without accompanying clinical decision support alerts for DDIs. Harm was assessed by an expert panel. RESULTS: Of 1186 patient admissions, 70.1% (n = 831) experienced a pDDI, 42.6% (n = 505) a cDDI and 0.9% (n = 11) an actual harm in hospital. Of 15,860 pDDIs identified, 27.0% (n = 4285) were classified as cDDIs. The median number of pDDIs and cDDIs per 10 drugs were 6 [interquartile range (IQR) 2-13] and 0 (IQR 0-2), respectively. In cases where a cDDI was identified, both drugs were 44% less likely to be co-administered following eMM (adjusted odds ratio 0.56, 95% confidence interval 0.46-0.73). CONCLUSION: Although most patients experienced a pDDI during their hospital stay, less than one-third of pDDIs were clinically relevant. The low prevalence of harm identified raises questions about the value of incorporating DDI decision support into systems given the potential negative impacts of DDI alerts.

Dietary calcium intake in Brazilian preschoolers and schoolchhildren: review of the literature / Ingesta de cálcio dietético em pré-escolares e escolares brasileiros: revisão da literatura

ABSTRACT Objective: The objective of this study was to map and synthesize evidence on the adequacy of dietary calcium intake and dairy products in Brazilian preschoolers and schoolchildren. Data source: Evidence searches were performed in the MEDLINE (via PubMed) and Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature (LILACS; via BVS) databases, with no restriction on date or language of publication. Experimental or observational studies that evaluated healthy Brazilian children between 2 and 12 incomplete years old were included. Data synthesis: A total of 18 studies were included. Seven of 11 studies of 11 studies (63.6%) identified mean values of dietary calcium intake below the age recommendation, especially in schoolchildren, with the progression of the age group. Among preschoolers, studies with direct weighing of food showed higher mean values of dietary calcium ingested compared to those with dietary recall. Children attending public daycare centers on a part-time basis tended to have inadequate calcium intake. The consumption of milk and dairy products was lower among older children, especially schoolchildren. Conclusions: Inadequate dietary calcium intake seems to be prevalent in Brazil during childhood, especially among schoolchildren. Therefore, the evaluation of milk and dairy products intake must be considered in order to desgn appropriate corrective actions.

RESUMO Objetivo: Mapear e sintetizar as evidências sobre a adequação do consumo de cálcio dietético e laticínios em crianças brasileiras pré-escolares e escolares. Fontes de dados: As buscas pelas evidências foram realizadas nas bases de dados Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (Medline, via PubMed) e Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (Lilacs, via Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde — BVS), sem restrição de data ou idioma de publicação. Foram incluídos estudos experimentais ou observacionais que avaliaram crianças brasileiras saudáveis com idade entre dois e 12 anos incompletos. Síntese dos dados: Foram incluídos 18 estudos. Sete de 11 estudos (63,6%) identificaram valores médios da ingesta de cálcio dietético abaixo do recomendado para a idade, principalmente em escolares, com a progressão da faixa etária. Entre os pré-escolares, estudos com pesagem direta dos alimentos apresentaram maiores valores médios de cálcio dietético ingerido comparados aos obtidos com recordatório alimentar. Crianças frequentadoras de creches públicas em regime de meio período tiveram a maior inadequação da ingesta de cálcio. A ingesta de leite e derivados foi menor entre as crianças com idade mais avançada, principalmente em escolares. Conclusões: A inadequação da ingesta de cálcio dietético parece ser prevalente no Brasil, principalmente em escolares. Sendo assim, a avaliação da ingestão de leite e derivados é um ponto a ser observado para a realização de ações corretivas nessa faixa etária.

Satisfacción de la población atendida por los posgradistas de medicina familiar y comunitaria del centro de salud primavera 2. Año 2021 / Satisfaction of the population served by the postgraduate students of family and community medicine at the primavera 2 health center. year 2021

El nivel de satisfacción de la población atendida por los médicos posgradistas de Medicina Familiar y Comunitaria cobra importancia por ser el eje fortalecedor del primer nivel de atención complementando la atención primaria de salud. Objetivo: Describir el nivel de satisfacción de la población atendida por los posgradistas de Medicina Familiar y Comunitaria en el Centro de Salud Primavera 2 en el año 2021. Materiales y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional de corte transversal, mediante muestreo aleatorio simple probabilístico se seleccionaron a 350 personas que fueron atendidas. Resultados: El 91,7% de la población expresó que el proceso de atención fue entre excelente y buena, el 89,1% manifestó que la relación médico paciente es satisfactoria, además se encontró que la satisfacción global es muy satisfactorio y medianamente satisfactorio con el 82,9% y el 16% respectivamente. Conclusiones: Las actividades académicas, la falta de medicamentos, la estrechez de los tiempos asignados en la atención y las limitaciones en el proceso de atención ocasionadas por la pandemia de Covid-19, probablemente influyeron en los resultados de insatisfacción de la investigación(AU)

the level of satisfaction of the population attended by postgraduate doctors of Family and Community Medicine becomes important for being the strengthening axis of the first level of care complementing primary health care. Objective: to describe the level of satisfaction of the population served by postgraduate students in Family and Community Medicine in the Primavera 2 Health Center in the year 2021. Materials and Methods: a study was carried out cross-sectional observational study, through probabilistic simple random sampling, they selected 350 people who were attended. Results: 91.7% of the population expressed that the care process was between excellent and good, 89.1% stated that the doctor-patient relationship is satisfactory, it was also found that global satisfaction is very satisfactory and moderately satisfactory with 82.9% and 16% respectively. Conclusions: the academic activities, the lack of medicines, the narrowness of the times assigned in care and the limitations in the care process caused by the pandemic of Covid-19, probably influenced the dissatisfaction results of the investigation(AU)

Atención en la Unidad de Observación del Recién Nacido en un hospital universitario / Care at the Neonatal Observation Unit of a University Hospital

OBJETIVO: conocer la atención prestada en una Unidad de Observación del Recién Nacido (UORN) de un hospital universitario de referencia en Asturias. MÉTODO: se ha llevado a cabo un estudio descriptivo retrospectivo de todos los recién nacidos en el Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias que precisaron control postnatal sin la necesidad de ser ingresados, permaneciendo en la UORN. Se revisaron las historias clínicas recuperando información de los recién nacidos atendidos, se identificó la atención brindada por las enfermeras de la UORN en la sala de partos (reanimación conjunta con el neonatólogo) y en la UORN (motivo y tiempo de permanencia de los neonatos en dicha unidad). El periodo de estudio fue de seis meses (de julio a diciembre de 2016). Se realizó análisis descriptivo. RESULTADOS: se registraron 1.125 neonatos vivos. La enfermera de la UORN fue requerida en 524 nacimientos (46,5%) y 177 (15,7%) bebés pasaron a la UORN, siendo el nacimiento por cesárea la primera causa de estancia en la unidad (72,3%) mientras la madre permanecía en la Unidad de Reanimación Postquirúrgica. El tiempo medio de permanencia de los neonatos en la UORN fue de seis horas. De los 524 nacimientos atendidos por la enfermera de la UORN fue necesaria la asistencia y/o ayuda a la reanimación junto a pediatra o neonatólogo en 371 casos (70,8%). CONCLUSIONES: la atención prestada en la UORN o por enfermeras de dicha unidad aporta calidad y humanización en la asistencia neonatal, evitando ingresos innecesarios en los servicios de neonatología

OBJECTIVE: to understand the care offered at a Neonatal Observation Unit (NOU) of a University Hospital of Reference in Asturias. METHOD: a descriptive retrospective study was conducted on all newborns from the Central University Hospital in Asturias who required postnatal monitoring without hospitalization, and stayed at the NOU. Clinical records were reviewed, information was collected about the newborns managed, and the care offered by NOU nurses at the delivery room (joint resuscitation with the Neonatologist) and the NOU (reason for stay and time during which newborns stayed at said unit). The period of study was six months (July to December, 2016), and descriptive analysis was conducted. RESULTS: in total, 1,125 live newborns were registered. The NOU nurse was required in 524 births (46.5%), and 177 (15.7%) babies were transferred to the NOU; the first cause of stay at said unit was Caesarean birth (72.3%), while the mother stayed at the Post-surgical Resuscitation Unit. The mean time of stay of newborns at the NOU was of six hours. Of the 524 births attended by the NOU nurse, assistance and/or help for resuscitation was required, with the Pediatrician or Neonatologist, in 371 cases (70.8%). CONCLUSIONS: care offered at the NOU or by nurses from said unit provides quality and humanization for neonatal care, preventing unnecessary hospitalizations at the Neonatal Unit

Agentes dopaminérgicos centrales análogos N-aralquil metoxilados del 2-aminoindano / Central dopaminergic agents analogues of N-aralkyl methoxylated of 2-aminoindane

RESUMEN La neurotransmisión dopaminérgica interviene en los mecanismos que involucran los procesos motores, cognoscitivos, conductuales y neurocrinos y su mal funcionamiento la involucra en los trastornos neurodegenerativos que afectan al sistema nervioso central (SNC), tales como en la enfermedad de Parkinson y la enfermedad de Huntington, entre otras. Con el propósito de encontrar una solución terapéutica a estas patologías, en publicaciones anteriores hemos reportado la síntesis, la evaluación farmacológica y el estudio teórico computacional de los compuestos análogos mono y dihidroxilados (sobre el anillo indano) del N-aralquil-2-aminoindano 4-8, análogos 4,7-dimetoxi-2-aminoindano-N-aralquil, bajo sus formas metoxiladas sobre el anillo bencénico del fragmento aralquil 9 y el derivado fenólico 10, así como también los análogos diclorados del N-aralquil-2-aminoindano 11 con actividades dopaminérgicas centrales. En el presente trabajo se sintetizaron los clorhidratos del 2-aminoindano- N-[2-(mono o dimetoxi)-fenil)-1-metil-etil] 12-15 y su evaluación farmacológica mostraron respuestas agonísticas como potenciales agentes antihuntington y antipárkinson.

SUMMARY Dopaminergic neurotransmission is implicated in mechanisms that involve motor, cognoscitive, conductual and neurocrine process, and its malfunction involucrates it in neurodegenerative disorders affecting central nervous system (CNS), like Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease, among others. On the purpose of finding some therapeutic for these pathologies, in previous researches we have reported synthesis, pharmacological evaluation and theoretical computational study of compounds analogues mono or di hydroxilated (on indane ring) of N-aralkyl-2-aminoindane 4-8, analogues 4,7-dimethoxy-2-aminoindane-N-aralkyl, under its methoxylated forms on benzene ring of aralkyl fragment 9 and phenolic derivate 10, also dichlorade analogs of N-aralkyl-2-aminoindane 11 with central dopaminergic activities. In this work were synthesized hydrochlorides of 2-aminoindane-N-[(mono or di methoxy)-phenyl-1-methyl-ethyl] (12-15) and its pharmacologic evaluation showed agonistic responses as potential agents anti Huntington and/or anti Parkinson.

Sobre la felicidad y su relación con tipos y rasgos de personalidad / On happiness and its relationship to personality types and traits

El presente estudio explora la relación entre los tipos de personalidad afectiva construidos a partir de las respuestas a las escalas PANAS de afecto positivo (PA) y afecto negativo (NA) y las dimensiones de personalidad medidas con el NEO FFI. Se obtuvieron también medidas de autoinforme de satisfacción con la vida y de bienestar subjetivo. Participaron 378 estudiantes universitarios españoles, con edades entre 18 y 36 años (media = 22.5 y DT = 2.96), siendo el 54% mujeres. Se clasificó a los participantes en cuatro tipos de personalidad afectiva. Los ANOVA posteriores mostraron diferencias significativas entre ellos, siendo los estudiantes de autorrealización (alto PA y bajo NA) los que tenían el mayor nivel de bienestar subjetivo, mientras que los individuos autodestructivos (bajo PA y alto NA) demostraron el nivel inferior; los afectivos altos fueron más adaptativos que los de tipo afectivo bajo. Los perfiles de personalidad con las dimensiones del NEO-FFI proporcionan una comprensión más profunda de las diferencias individuales entre los estudiantes universitarios

The present study explores the relationship between the affective personality types constructed from responses to the PANAS scales, (PA) positive affect and (NA) negative affect and the personality dimensions evaluated by the NEO FFI. Self-report assessments of satisfaction with life and subjective wellbeing (happiness) were also obtained. Participants were 378 Spanish students, from 18 to 36 years old (mean= 22.5, SD= 2.96), 54% being women. Participants were classified into four affective personality types. Subsequent ANOVAs showed meaningful differences between them, being self-actualization type (high PA and low NA) the one with the highest level of subjective well-being, while the self-destructive type (low PA and high NA) showed the lower level; the high affective personality type was more adaptive than the low affective type. Personality profiles with the NEO-FFI dimensions provide a deeper understanding of individual differences among university students

Novedoso profármaco derivado de la lilolidina con actividad dopaminérgica central / Novel prodrug derivative from lilolidine with central dopaminergic activity

La desregulación de la neurotransmisión dopaminérgica central ha sido relacionada con enfermedades neurodegenerativas, tales como la enfermedad de Parkinson y la Corea de Huntington. En las últimas décadas son muchos los compuestos con actividad dopaminérgica central que se han diseñado, sintetizado y evaluado farmacológicamente y, a pesar de estos esfuerzos, no se ha logrado obtener un fármaco efectivo capaz de mejorar o curar estas patologías. Con el fin de contribuir en esta búsqueda primordial, en el presente trabajo se describe el diseño, la síntesis y la evaluación farmacológica del derivado de la lilolidina, clorhidrato de 6-(2-aminoindanil)-N-(2,4,5,6-tetrahidro-1H-pirrolo[3,2,1-ij]quinolina) 4 (MAIL), con el propósito de restablecer la homeostasis de la transmisión dopaminérgica en la enfermedad de Parkinson y/o la Corea de Huntington. Para ello, se utilizaron las diferentes estrategias nigroesclásicas y heterocíclicas enmarcadas en la síntesis orgánica a través de una ruta convergente. Asimismo, se realizó la evaluación farmacológica preliminar, al determinar el comportamiento estereotipado en ratas Sprague-Dawley cuando les fue administrado el derivado de la lilolidina, por las vías ICV (intracerebroventricular) e IE (intraestriatal). Los resultados obtenidos del compuesto 4 mostraron una acción central como agonista, a través de mecanismos dopaminérgicos.

Central dopaminergic neurotransmission deregulation has been related with neurodegenerative sicknesses, like Parkinson’s disease and Huntington’s Chorea. During the last decades, many compounds with dopaminergic activity have been designed, synthesized and pharmacologically evaluated, but despite all these efforts, an effective drug able to improve or cure these pathologies has not been achieved. With the purpose to contribute in this essential search, this work describes the design, synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of the lilolidine derivative, 6-(2-aminoindanyl)-N-(2,4,5,6-tetrahydro-1H-pyrrolo[3,2,1-ij]quinoline hydrochloride) 4 (MAIL), with the purpose of restoring the homeostasis of dopaminergic transmission in Parkinson’s disease and/or Huntington’s Chorea. To perform that, different organic synthesis classic and heterocyclic strategies were employed through a convergent route. Also, a preliminar pharmacological evaluation was done, where the stereotyped behavior of Sprague-Dawley rats was studied after the ICV (intracerebroventricular) and IE (intrastriatum) administration of the lilodine derivative. The results obtained of compound 4 showed a central dopaminergic agonist activity through dopaminergic mechanisms.

¿Cuál sería su tratamiento? / What would your treatment be?

No disponible

Hemangioma cavernoso frontal / Frontal cavernous hemangioma

No disponible

¿Cuál es su diagnóstico? / What would your diagnosis be

No disponible

Empreendedorismo e personalidade: o perfil em estudantes brasileiros / Entrepreneurship and personality: profile in brazilian students

A investigação sobre a essência do empreendedorismo tem ocupado a linha psicológica buscando as particularidades da personalidade com o objetivo de gerar padrões de comportamento comuns destas pessoas. Em uma amostra de 475 estudantes universitários brasileiros da região Amazônica, buscou-se o perfil de personalidade que caracteriza estes empreendedores. Os instrumentos aplicados foram o Inventario de Personalidade NEO PI-R ( Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness Personality Inventary Revised) para medir os cinco grandes fatores da personalidade normal (não patológica) e suas trinta facetas e a Bateria de Escalas de Expectativas Generalizadas de Controle (BEEGC-20) para medir lócus de controle interno, externo, auto-eficácia e expectativa de êxito. Mediante análise de cluster obteve-se três grupos segundo seu grau de empreendedorismo: seguidores, sonhadores e empreendedores. O grupo empreendedor mostrou-se com umas características de personalidade diferentes dos outros grupos. Também diferem nas crenças de lócus de controle, percebendo-se mais auto eficazes. Sendo os empreendedores necessários para assegurar o desenvolvimento econômico, é importante considerar como se pode identifica-los. Este estudo contribui para direcionar esse caminho, assim como sugere um enfoque para a formação dos jovens e dos futuros empreendedores.(AU)

Investigating the essence of entrepreneurship is a central topic in psychological studies seeking to understand the differences in personality and behavioral patterns of people who are called entrepreneurs. In a sample of 475 Brazilian university students from the Amazon region, we searched for the personality profile that characterizes entrepreneurs. The measures employed were the NEO PI-R to evaluate the Big Five normal (non-pathological) personality factors and their 30 facets, and the BEEGC-20, a battery to assess locus of control (internal and external) and self-efficacy. Cluster analyses established three groups according their degree of entrepreneurship: followers, dreamers, and entrepreneurs. The entrepreneur group presented some personality characteristics different from the other groups. They also differ in locus of control beliefs, with a greater sense of self-efficacy. As entrepreneurs are needed to ensure economic development, it is important to consider how to identify them. This study offers a way to do this, and also suggests an approach for training young people and future entrepreneurs.(AU)

Empreendedorismo e personalidade: o perfil em estudantes brasileiros / Entrepreneurship and personality: profile in brazilian students

A investigação sobre a essência do empreendedorismo tem ocupado a linha psicológica buscando as particularidades da personalidade com o objetivo de gerar padrões de comportamento comuns destas pessoas. Em uma amostra de 475 estudantes universitários brasileiros da região Amazônica, buscou-se o perfil de personalidade que caracteriza estes empreendedores. Os instrumentos aplicados foram o Inventario de Personalidade NEO PI-R ( Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness Personality Inventary Revised) para medir os cinco grandes fatores da personalidade normal (não patológica) e suas trinta facetas e a Bateria de Escalas de Expectativas Generalizadas de Controle (BEEGC-20) para medir lócus de controle interno, externo, auto-eficácia e expectativa de êxito. Mediante análise de cluster obteve-se três grupos segundo seu grau de empreendedorismo: seguidores, sonhadores e empreendedores. O grupo empreendedor mostrou-se com umas características de personalidade diferentes dos outros grupos. Também diferem nas crenças de lócus de controle, percebendo-se mais auto eficazes. Sendo os empreendedores necessários para assegurar o desenvolvimento econômico, é importante considerar como se pode identifica-los. Este estudo contribui para direcionar esse caminho, assim como sugere um enfoque para a formação dos jovens e dos futuros empreendedores.

Investigating the essence of entrepreneurship is a central topic in psychological studies seeking to understand the differences in personality and behavioral patterns of people who are called entrepreneurs. In a sample of 475 Brazilian university students from the Amazon region, we searched for the personality profile that characterizes entrepreneurs. The measures employed were the NEO PI-R to evaluate the Big Five normal (non-pathological) personality factors and their 30 facets, and the BEEGC-20, a battery to assess locus of control (internal and external) and self-efficacy. Cluster analyses established three groups according their degree of entrepreneurship: followers, dreamers, and entrepreneurs. The entrepreneur group presented some personality characteristics different from the other groups. They also differ in locus of control beliefs, with a greater sense of self-efficacy. As entrepreneurs are needed to ensure economic development, it is important to consider how to identify them. This study offers a way to do this, and also suggests an approach for training young people and future entrepreneurs.

Etiología viral de las infecciones respiratorias agudas / Viral etiology of acute respiratory infections

Las infecciones respiratorias agudas (IRA) son patologías que afectan el tracto respiratorio desde la faringe proximal hasta los pulmones, con una evolución de menos de 15 días y constituyen la causa más frecuente de morbimortalidad en el mundo. Con la finalidad de identificar los agentes virales asociados a este tipo de infecciones en pacientes del estado Zulia, Venezuela, entre febrero 2005 y julio de 2006, se estudiaron un total de 102 muestras provenientes del tracto respiratorio (hisopado nasal, faríngeo y/o nasofaríngeo, esputo y lavado broncoalveolar) de pacientes con clínica de IRA. El aislamiento viral se realizó a través del cultivo celular y la identificación del agente patógeno por la técnica de inmunofluorescencia directa. Se obtuvieron 46 muestras positivas (45%), la incidencia estuvo homogéneamente distribuida en todos los grupos de estudio aun cuando se observó predominio en el grupo de 41 a 64 años, seguido de los lactantes. No hubo diferencias significativas en cuanto al sexo. Dentro de los patógenos virales aislados el Virus Sincicial Respiratorio (VSR) fue el agente con mayor frecuencia (32,6%) (p<0,05), seguido de Adenovirus (28,2%), Parainfluenza (23,9%) e Influenza (15,2%). Las infecciones respiratorias del tracto inferior fueron las más frecuentes (67,4%). Se demuestra una alta incidencia de agentes virales asociados a IRA en el estado Zulia. Se destaca la alta frecuencia en pacientes adultos y la mayor positividad para VSR.

Acute respiratory infections (ARI) are pathologies that affect the respiratory tract from the proximal pharynx to the lungs, with an evolution of less than 15 days. They constitute the most frequent cause of morbimortality in the world. With the purpose of identifying the viral agents associated to this type of infections in patients of Zulia State, Venezuela, between February 2005 and July 2006, a total of 102 samples of the respiratory tract (oropharyngeal swab, nasopharyngeal swab, nasopharyngeal washing, spit and bronchoalveolar lavage) were studied. Viral isolation was made through a cellular culture and the identification of the pathogenic agents by the technique of direct immunofluorescence. Forty six positive samples were obtained (45%). The greater incidence was found in the groups of 41 to 64 years old patients, followed by lactanting babies (1 to 23 months). There were no significant differences between sexes. Within the isolated viral pathogens, Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) was the agent most frequently found (32.6% p<0.05), followed by Adenovirus (28.2%), Parainfluenza (23.9%) and Influenza (15.2%). The respiratory infections of the low respiratory tract were the most frequent (67.4%). A high incidence of associated viral agents to ARI in Zulia State is demonstrated. A high incidence in adult patients and the greatest positivity was found for RSV.