Effect of marine by-product meals on hen egg production parameters, yolk lipid composition and sensory quality.

The effect of including 5% marine by-product meals in feeds of laying hens on egg production, composition and sensory characteristics was tested. Marine by-product meals were prepared using two methods: (i) cooking (100°C/10 min) followed by drying (60°C/24 hr) or (ii) grinding followed by drying. The raw materials used for meal production were scallop or squid viscera, shrimp heads or whole mackerel. A total of 108 laying hens were allocated to nine diet treatments; one control diet (corn and soya bean based) and eight experimental diets, containing 95% of the control feed and 5% of the experimental meal for three weeks. Daily intake was higher in hens fed the dried mackerel and cooked shrimp meals. All the experimental treatments showed significantly higher concentration of n-3 HUFA in yolk reserves and phospholipids compared to the control (0.12-0.13 g per 100 g), especially those with scallop or squid prepared by both methods (0.53-0.95 g per 100 g). Scallop, squid and shrimp meal inclusion in the feed produced eggs with more astaxanthin (0.22 mg per 100 g) while this carotenoid was absent in the control and mackerel treatments. Visual evaluation of raw yolk colour increased with the inclusion of marine by-product meals with higher values in hens fed shrimp heads (13), followed by scallop viscera (11), squid viscera (9), and with similar values for mackerel and control (4). The taste, aroma, texture and colour of cooked eggs from different treatments were not statically different when evaluated by a panel of 60 untrained people. These results suggest that meals from marine by-products are a better alternative for improving egg yolk composition by increasing n-3 HUFA when compared to fishmeal as they also increase astaxanthin and yolk pigmentation without affecting egg sensory characteristics.

Granular cells tumor of the vulva: an exceptional entity.

INTRODUCTION: Granular cells tumor (GCT) is a rare tumor that develops on skin and soft tissues. Only 1-2% of these tumors present malignant behavior. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The authors report three cases of GCT and review the management of these tumors. CASE REPORT: The first case is a 73-year-old woman who was diagnosed with an atypical GCT. She was treated with local excision and then presented a local recurrence 21 months after the surgery. The other two cases are 60- and 58-year-old women diagnosed with a benign GCT. They were treated with single excision; both patients underwent second surgery due to margin affectation. CONCLUSION: Management of GCT is not clear nowadays. The careful selection of patients with poor prognostic factors is very important. Follow-up for early diagnosis of local recurrence and metastases of these tumors is of utmost importance.

Acclimation of nitrifying biomass and its effect on 2-chlorophenol removal.

The metabolic and kinetic behavior of a nitrifying sludge exposed to 2-chlorophenol (2-CP) was evaluated in batch cultures. Two kinds of nitrifying culture were used; one acclimated to 4-methylphenol (4-mp), and the other unacclimated to 4-mp. The unacclimated culture was affected adversely by the 2-CP's presence, since neither nitrification nor 2-CP oxidation was observed. Nonetheless, the acclimated culture showed metabolic capacity to nitrify and mineralize 2-CP. Ammonium removal was 100%, with a nitrifying yield of 0.92 ± 0.04 mg NO(3)(-)-N/mg NH(4)(+)-N consumed. The consumption efficiency for 2-CP was 100% and the halogenated compound was mineralized to CO2. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) patterns showed the shift in microbial community structure, indicating that microbial diversity was due to the acclimation process. This is the first evidence where nitrifying culture acclimated to 4-mp completely removed ammonium and 2-CP.

[Periorbital lymphatic malformations: Report of two cases]. / Malformaciones linfáticas periorbitarias: A propósito de 2 casos.

INTRODUCTION: Periorbital lymphatic malformations are a rare entity in which diagnosis and treatment could be a challenge for surgeons. Management may be conservative, or they can be treated by sclerotherapy, surgery or combination of both. CLINICAL OBSERVATION: We present two cases of periorbital lymphatic malformations treated by sclerotherapy (OK-432 or bleomycin) and surgery in which we achieve good results with minimum morbidity. COMMENTS: Surgery combined with sclerotherapy is a good option of treatment for periorbital lymphatic malformations because surgery can be more conservative and therefore, sequelae are lower.

INTRODUCCION: Las malformaciones linfáticas periorbitarias son una entidad poco frecuente cuyo diagnóstico y tratamiento puede suponer un reto para el cirujano. El manejo puede ser conservador, o pueden tratarse mediante escleroterapia, cirugía o combinación de ambas. IBSERVACION CLINICA: Presentamos dos casos de malformaciones linfáticas periorbitarias tratadas mediante escleroterapia (con OK-432 o bleomicina) y cirugía con buenos resultados y mínima morbilidad. COMENTARIOS: La combinación de cirugía y escleroterapia es una buena opción de tratamiento de las malformaciones linfáticas periorbitarias; ya que nos permite ser más conservadores en la exéresis de las mismas y, por ello, las secuelas son menores.

[Intraparotid first branchial arch cyst: complex diagnostic and therapeutic process]. / Quiste de primer arco branquial intraparotídeo: complejo proceso diagnóstico y terapéutico.

First branchial arch cysts are uncommon. Therefore, together with its variable clinical and age presentation they are often misdiagnosed at first. The treatment is surgical, requiring a correct procedure to avoid future recurrences. In this paper we describe a typical case of first branchial arch cyst in which as described in other reports, we first made several misdiagnoses and therefore an inadequate treatment and lastly, with the correct diagnosis, we performed a meticulous complete excision under facial nerve monitoring.

[Extruded cochlear implant magnet covered with a temporoparietal fascial flap. A case report]. / Rescate de implante coclear expuesto mediante cobertura con colgajo de fascia temporoparietal. A propósito de un caso.

Complications are infrequent after cochlear implant surgery but they might occur despite careful preoperative planning and meticulous surgical technique. Among the most commonly encountered problems are those associated with the postauricular flap. An exposed, and therefore contaminated, device requires immediate attention and intervention. Cochlear implantation revision surgery is justified by two main reasons, the high price of these devices and the difficulty of reimplantation, due to cochlear fibrosis and ossification after its removal. There are multiple options in cochlear implantation revision surgery with infected device. However, the temporoparietal fascia flap is highly vascularized and provides some advantages over other alternatives. We report a case of a 5 year old boy with bilateral sensor neural hearing loss, who suffered a device extrusion three years after its implantation.

[Use of lipofilling in pediatric patients]. / Aplicaciones de autoinjerto graso en pacientes pediátricos.

OBJECTIVE: To Present the benefits of free autologous fat grafts in different pathologies of children. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective study was performed on 18 patients who received a treatment with an autologous fat graft during the 2009-2012 period. The surgical technique consisted in removing fat from a donor region, processing the fat in order to purify it by centrifugation and grafting injection. The following variables were analysed: age, sex, pathology, complications of the technique, visual aspects results, subjective results (by rating satisfaction from 1-4 in examination room, and by telephone), donor sites and number of sessions. RESULTS: Eighteen patients were studied. Eleven patients had scars (2 were burn sequelae, 8 were side effects of a previous surgery and 1 was postraumatic), 2 patients had breast asymmetry, 1 patient had bilateral breast agenesis and 4 patients had facial asymmetries (Parry-Romberg syndrome in 2 cases, Treacher-Collins and monorhinia). There were no complications with the surgical technique except for fat resorption in 11 patients that needed a new reinjection. All patients with scar sequelae showed considerable improvement. The patients with breast pathology, experienced objective improvement, with practically full symmetry and natural aesthetics. Three to four patients affected by facial asymmetry, achieved good results in contour and symmetry. In order to obtain optimal results, 7 of the patients required just one session and the rest of patients, needed more sessions. The donor area was the abdominal region in 12 patients and the calf region in 6. Similar results were achieved regardless of the donor area. The assessment of patient satisfaction showed these results: very satisfied in 12 patients, satisfied 4 patients, scarcely satisfied 2 patienst and no one was not satisfied. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that the use of autologous fat grafts is feasible in the pathologies mentioned previously due to the technical simplicity, the good cosmetic results and the absence of complications in our series.

Acceptable variability in external quality assessment programmes for basic semen analysis.

BACKGROUND: External quality assessment is essential in modern andrology laboratories. To assess the proficiency of laboratories participating in an external quality assessment programme (EQAP), limits for acceptable variability must be determined. Limits currently specified largely depend on criteria set by the organizers of individual EQAP schemes. The objective of this study was to evaluate the different criteria described in ISO 13528: 2005 for calculating acceptable variability in EQAP when applied to basic semen analysis parameters. METHODS AND RESULTS: The data used in this study were the means and standard deviations obtained for independent samples from two EQAPs, one national (Spanish) and one international (European). The acceptable variability according to ISO 13528: 2005 was calculated using four types of criteria: (i) ± 3 standard deviations of the results of all participating laboratories; (ii) ± 3 standard deviations of the results of expert laboratories; (iii) quality specifications based on biological variability, state-of-the-art and clinicians' opinions and (iv) the same quality specifications adjusted for the uncertainty of the assigned value. The first two strategies resulted in very wide ranges of acceptable variability. Conversely, the strategy based only on quality specifications resulted in very narrow ranges. For the fourth strategy, acceptable ranges were intermediate between the results produced with the other strategies. The third and fourth strategies did not produce observable differences in acceptable ranges when the model used for calculating the specifications of analytical quality was changed. CONCLUSIONS: It is essential that EQAPs for semen parameters should determine the ranges for acceptable variability in results. Moreover, these ranges must be clinically useful, i.e. the variability should have a minimal negative impact on clinical decisions. The exact definition of 'expert laboratory' is more important than the model chosen for estimating analytical quality specifications in an EQAP for semen parameters in basic semen analysis.

Assessing main process mechanism and rates of sulfate reduction by granular biomass fed with glycerol under sulfidogenic conditions.

Sulfate-reducing bioreactors for sulfide production are the initial stage of processes targeting elemental sulfur recovery from sulfate-rich effluents. In this work, the principal reactions involved in glycerol fermentation and sulfate reduction using glycerol and its fermentation products as electron donors were assessed together with their specific consumption/production rates. A battery of batch activity tests with and without sulfate were performed with glycerol and with each fermentation product using a non-methanogenic but sulfidogenic granular sludge from an up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor operated under long-term while fed with crude glycerol. As a result, a mechanistic approach based on the experimental observations is proposed in this work. Glycerol was mainly fermented to 1,3-propanediol, ethanol, formate, propionate and acetate by fermentative bacteria. All organic intermediates were found to be further used by sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) for sulfate reduction except for acetate. The most abundant genus detected under sulfidogenic conditions were Propionispora (15.2%), Dysgonomonas (13.2%), Desulfobulbus (11.6%) and Desulfovibrio (10.8%). The last two SRB genera accounted for 22.4% of the total amount of retrieved sequences, which were probably performing an incomplete oxidation of the carbon source in the sulfidogenic UASB reactor. As single substrates, specific sulfate reduction rates (SRRs) using low molecular weight (MW) carbon sources (formate and ethanol) were 39% higher than those using high-MW ones (propionate, 1,3-propanediol and butanol). However, SRRs in glycerol-fed tests showed that 1,3-propanediol played a major role in sulfate reduction in addition to formate and ethanol.

Re-interventions following appendectomy in children: a multicenter study. / Reintervenciones tras apendicectomía en niños. Estudio multicéntrico.

INTRODUCTION: Acute appendicitis is the most frequent cause of acute abdomen in children. The objective of this study was to analyze the causes, approach, and results of complications requiring surgery following appendectomy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective study of the appendectomies conducted in three third-level institutions from 2015 to 2019 was carried out. Complications, causes, and number of re-interventions, time from one surgery to another, surgical technique used, operative findings at baseline appendectomy according to the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma (AAST) classification, and hospital stay were collected. RESULTS: 3,698 appendicitis cases underwent surgery, 76.7% of which laparoscopically, with 37.2% being advanced (grades II-V of the AAST classification). Mean operating time was 50.4 minutes (49.8 ± 20.1 for laparoscopy vs. 49.9 ± 20.1 for open surgery, p > 0.05), and longer in patients requiring re-intervention (68.6 ± 27.2 vs. 49.1 ± 19.3, p < 0.001). 76 re-interventions (2.05%) were carried out. The causes included postoperative infection (n = 46), intestinal obstruction (n = 20), dehiscence (n = 4), and others (n = 6). Re-intervention risk was not impacted by the baseline approach used (open surgery or laparoscopy, OR: 1.044, 95% CI: 0.57-1.9), but it was by appendicitis progression (7.8% advanced vs. 0.7% incipient, OR: 12.52, 95% CI: 6.18-25.3). There was a tendency to use the same approach both at baseline appendectomy and re-intervention. This occurred in 72.2% of laparoscopic appendectomies, and in 67.7% of open appendectomies. The minimally invasive approach (50/76) was more frequent than the open one (27 laparoscopies and 23 ultrasound-guided drainages vs. 26 open surgeries) (p < 0.05). 55% of obstruction patients underwent re-intervention through open surgery (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Re-intervention rate was higher in advanced appendicitis cases. In this series, the minimally invasive approach (laparoscopic or ultrasound-guided drainage) was the technique of choice for re-interventions.

INTRODUCCION: La apendicitis aguda es la causa más frecuente de abdomen agudo en niños. El objetivo de este trabajo es estudiar las causas, abordaje y resultados de las complicaciones que requieren intervención quirúrgica después de la apendicectomía. MATERIAL Y METODOS: Estudio retrospectivo de las apendicectomías realizadas en 3 centros de tercer nivel entre 2015-2019. Se recogieron las complicaciones, causas y número de reintervenciones, intervalo entre ambas cirugías, técnica empleada, hallazgos operatorios según la Clasificación de la American Association for the Surgery of Trauma (AAST) en la apendicectomía inicial y tiempo de ingreso. RESULTADOS: Se intervinieron 3.698 apendicitis, un 76,7% por vía laparoscópica, encontrando un 37,2% evolucionadas (grado II-V de la clasificación AAST). El tiempo medio quirúrgico fue de 50,4 minutos (laparoscopia 49,8 ± 20,1 vs. laparotomía 49,9 ± 20,1, p > 0,05), superior en aquellos pacientes que requirieron reintervención (68,6 ± 27,2 vs. 49,1 ± 19,3, p < 0,001). Se realizaron 76 reintervenciones (2,05%). Las causas fueron: infección postoperatoria (n = 46), obstrucción intestinal (n = 20), dehiscencia (n = 4) y otras (n = 6). El abordaje inicial no influyó en el riesgo de reintervención (laparotomía o laparoscopia, OR 1,044, IC 95% 0,57-1,9), pero sí el grado de evolución de la apendicitis (7,8% evolucionadas vs. 0,7% incipientes, OR 12,52, IC 95% 6,18-25,3). Hubo una tendencia a reintervenir por el mismo abordaje que la apendicectomía, esto ocurrió en un 72,2% de las apendicectomías laparoscópicas y en un 67,7% de las apendicectomías abiertas. El abordaje mínimamente invasivo (50/76) fue más frecuente que la laparotomía (27 laparoscopias y 23 drenajes ecoguiados frente a 26 laparotomías) (p < 0,05). El 55% de los pacientes obstruidos se reintervinieron por vía abierta (p > 0,05). CONCLUSION: El índice de reintervención fue superior en las apendicitis evolucionadas. En esta serie, el abordaje mínimamente invasivo (laparoscópico o drenaje ecoguiado) fue la técnica de elección en las reintervenciones.

Microbial Diversity Dynamics in a Methanogenic-Sulfidogenic UASB Reactor.

In this study, the long-term performance and microbial dynamics of an Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) reactor targeting sulfate reduction in a SOx emissions treatment system were assessed using crude glycerol as organic carbon source and electron donor under constant S and C loading rates. The reactor was inoculated with granular sludge obtained from a pulp and paper industry and fed at a constant inlet sulfate concentration of 250 mg S-SO42-L-1 and a constant C/S ratio of 1.5 ± 0.3 g Cg-1 S for over 500 days. Apart from the regular analysis of chemical species, Illumina analyses of the 16S rRNA gene were used to study the dynamics of the bacterial community along with the whole operation. The reactor was sampled along the operation to monitor its diversity and the changes in targeted species to gain insight into the performance of the sulfidogenic UASB. Moreover, studies on the stratification of the sludge bed were performed by sampling at different reactor heights. Shifts in the UASB performance correlated well with the main shifts in microbial communities of interest. A progressive loss of the methanogenic capacity towards a fully sulfidogenic UASB was explained by a progressive wash-out of methanogenic Archaea, which were outcompeted by sulfate-reducing bacteria. Desulfovibrio was found as the main sulfate-reducing genus in the reactor along time. A progressive reduction in the sulfidogenic capacity of the UASB was found in the long run due to the accumulation of a slime-like substance in the UASB.

Evaluation of endothelial function and subclinical atherosclerosis in patients with HIV infection.

The aim of this study was to analyse the association between human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) related clinical and analytical parameters and the presence of subclinical atherosclerosis as well as endothelial dysfunction. This was a prospective cohort study of HIV-positive patients who underwent intima media thickness (IMT) determination and coronary artery calcium scoring to determine subclinical atherosclerosis. To detect endothelial dysfunction, the breath holding index, flow-mediated dilation and the concentration of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) were measured. Patients with an IMT ≥ 0.9 mm had an average of 559.3 ± 283.34 CD4/µl, and those with an IMT < 0.9 mm had an average of 715.4 ± 389.92 CD4/µl (p = 0.04). Patients with a low calcium score had a significantly higher average CD4 cell value and lower zenith viral load (VL) than those with a higher score (707.7 ± 377.5 CD4/µl vs 477.23 ± 235.7 CD4/µl (p = 0.01) and 7 × 104 ± 5 × 104 copies/ml vs 23.4 × 104 ± 19 × 104 copies/ml (p = 0.02)). The number of early EPCs in patients with a CD4 nadir < 350/µl was lower than that in those with a CD4 nadir ≥ 350 (p = 0.03). In HIV-positive patients, low CD4 cell levels and high VL were associated with risk of developing subclinical atherosclerosis. HIV patients with CD4 cell nadir < 350/µl may have fewer early EPCs.

[Rapidly involuting congenital hemangioma (RICH) that simulates a minimal cleft lip]. / Hemangioma congénito rápidamente involutivo (RICH) que simula una fisura labial mínima.

Hemangiomas are frequent tumors that manifest in variable forms. Rapidly Involuting Congenital Hemangiomas (RICH) are a rare subtype, only recently described, which, in contrast to the typical infantile hemangioma, undergo accelerated involution, sometimes within days. Their different initial appearance and posterior evolution may cause confusion with other tumors of infancy or even with congenital malformations. We present a case of RICH in the upper lip that after rapid involution produced a morphologic sequel that resembled a microform cleft lip. The authors review the specific characteristics of this rare tumor and describe the technical detail of surgical correction in this patient.

Esthetic subunit approach in massive facial plexiform neurofibroma: a case report. / Abordaje por subunidades estéticas en el neurofibroma plexiforme facial masivo: a propósito de un caso.

Plexiform neurofibroma is a presentation of neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) which can cause great facial deformities. Treatment rarely has a healing effect, so the surgical approach is aimed at improving esthetics and function. It requires a cross-disciplinary approach and typically needs multi-stage surgery. This is the case of a 16-year-old male patient with NF1 presenting with left periorbital and malar facial plexiform neurofibroma with slow-growth intraconal and extraconal invasion. He presented at the plastic surgery consultation for facial soft tissue deformity correction. Removal was performed using an esthetic subunit approach, with canthopexy and orbital cavity reconstruction, resulting in facial region symmetrization. This allowed for remarkable esthetic and functional improvement, facilitating ocular prosthesis adaptation. The subsequent use of selumetinib allowed the lesion to be stabilized.

Los neurofibromas plexiformes son una forma de presentación de la neurofibromatosis tipo 1 (NF1) que pueden originar grandes deformaciones faciales. El tratamiento de estas tumoraciones casi nunca es curativo, el abordaje quirúrgico tiene por objetivo mejorar la estética y la función. Requiere un abordaje multidisciplinar y suele necesitar cirugía por etapas. Se presenta el caso de un paciente varón con NF1 que presenta un neurofibroma plexiforme facial periorbitario y malar izquierdo con invasión intra y extraconal de crecimiento lento. Acude con 16 años a la consulta de cirugía plástica para corrección de las deformidades faciales de partes blandas. Se realiza exéresis mediante abordaje por subunidades estéticas, realizando cantopexia y reconstrucción de la cavidad orbitaria, resultando en una simetrización de la región facial. Con ello se obtiene una notable mejoría estética y funcional, facilitando la adaptación de la prótesis ocular. El uso posterior de selumetinib ha permitido estabilizar la lesión.

Feasibility of S-rich streams valorization through a two-step biosulfur production process.

A bioscrubbing process named SONOVA has been developed, tested and assessed herein to valorize flue gases containing SOx. The process consists in a first scrubbing stage, to absorb and oxidize SO2 to sulfate, followed by a two-step biological stage. It consists of (1) an up-flow anaerobic sludge (UASB) reactor to reduce sulfate to sulfide with crude glycerol and (2) a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) to partially oxidize sulfide to elemental sulfur (S0). SONOVA integrates the reutilization of resources, using the effluent of the biological stage as a sorbent agent and the residual heat of flue gases to dry the product. S0 is then obtained as a value-added product, which nowadays is produced from fossil fuels. In this research, SO2 concentrations up to 4000 ppmv were absorbed in 2 s of gas contact time in the spray-scrubber with removal efficiencies above 80%. The UASB reduced up to 9.3 kg S-Sulfate m-3 d-1 with sulfide productivities of 6 kg S m-3 d-1 at an hydraulic retention time (HRT) as low as 2 h. Finally, CSTR was fed with the UASB effluent and operated at HRT ranging from 12 h to 4 h without biomass wash-out. Sulfide was fully oxidized to S0 with a productivity of 2.3 kg S m-3 d-1 at the lowest HRT tested. Overall, this research has explored not only maximum capabilities of each SONOVA stage but has also assessed the interactions between the different units, which opens up the possibility of recovering S0 from harmful SOx emissions, optimizing resources utilization and costs.

The evolution of white matter microstructural changes after mild traumatic brain injury: A longitudinal DTI and NODDI study.

Neuroimaging biomarkers that can detect white matter (WM) pathology after mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and predict long-term outcome are needed to improve care and develop therapies. We used diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI) to investigate WM microstructure cross-sectionally and longitudinally after mTBI and correlate these with neuropsychological performance. Cross-sectionally, early decreases of fractional anisotropy and increases of mean diffusivity corresponded to WM regions with elevated free water fraction on NODDI. This elevated free water was more extensive in the patient subgroup reporting more early postconcussive symptoms. The longer-term longitudinal WM changes consisted of declining neurite density on NODDI, suggesting axonal degeneration from diffuse axonal injury for which NODDI is more sensitive than DTI. Therefore, NODDI is a more sensitive and specific biomarker than DTI for WM microstructural changes due to mTBI that merits further study for mTBI diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment monitoring.

Non-traumatic spleen disorders in children. Assessment by imaging. / El bazo pediátrico no traumático. Valoración por imagen.

The spleen is considered a "forgotten organ" by most radiologists and paediatricians despite being affected in many clinical paediatric situations. While it is the organ most often affected in paediatric abdominal trauma, non-traumatic spleen disorders are less well known. The spleen is well visualised by any imaging technique: ultrasound, computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); the former is used most often in children. Using imaging techniques to determine the features of splenic anomalies, both congenital and acquired, enables a correct diagnostic approach, avoids unnecessary surgical procedures or biopsies, and helps the clinician to prescribe appropriate treatment. Our aim was to show the behaviour of the spleen in children using the different imaging techniques: its normal anatomy, the principal anatomical variants and the most common spleen disorder correlating with clinical symptoms, serology and histology.

Exploring the performance limits of a sulfidogenic UASB during the long-term use of crude glycerol as electron donor.

SOx contained in flue gases and S-rich liquid effluents can be valorized to recover elemental sulfur in a two-stage bioscrubbing process. The reduction of sulfate to sulfide is the most crucial stage to be optimized. In this study, the long-term performance of an up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor using crude glycerol as electron donor was assessed. The UASB was operated for 400 days with different sulfate and organic loading rates (SLR and OLR, respectively) and a COD/S-SO42- ratio ranging from 3.8 g O2 g-1 S to 5.4 g O2 g-1 S. After inoculation with methanogenic, granular biomass, the competition between sulfate-reducing and methanogenic microorganisms determined to what extent dissolved sulfide and methane were produced. After the complete washout of methanogens, which was revealed by next-generation sequencing analysis, the highest S-EC was reached in the system. The highest average sulfate elimination capacity (S-EC = 4.3 kg S m-3d-1) was obtained at a COD/S-SO42- ratio of 5.4 g O2 g-1 S and an OLR of 24.4 kg O2 m-3d-1 with a sulfate removal efficiency of 94%. The conversion of influent COD to methane decreased from 12% to 2.5% as the SLR increased while a large fraction of acetate (35% of the initial COD) was accumulated. Our data indicate that crude glycerol can promote sulfidogenesis. However, the disappearance of methanogens in the long-term due to the out competition by sulfate reducing bacteria, lead to such large accumulation of acetate.

ΔNp73 status in peritoneal and ovarian dissemination of appendicular adenocarcinoids (goblet cells).

INTRODUCTION: Goblet cell carcinoma (GCC) is an appendicular neoplasia representing less than 5% of all appendicular tumors, found in 0.3-0.9% of the appendectomies, 35-58% of all appendicular neoplasms, and less than 14% of malign appendix tumors. The most frequent clinical presentation is abdominal pain associated with a picture of acute appendicitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We present 3 clinical cases of appendix GCC, 2 subjected to cytoreductory surgery plus intraperitoneal hyperthermic chemotherapy and a third, who is currently receiving neoadjuvant treatment with a good response to chemotherapy and who will be offered the same treatment as the first two patients. Given the unpredictable behavior of these tumors, the use of molecular markers could help us to predict their behavior and prognosis. In this context, the TP73 gene would make an interesting putative marker. ∆Np73 has been described as overexpressed in a great variety of tumor types including colon cancer and this up-regulation is associated with a poor prognosis. To evidence its role in this malignancy, we evaluate here the status of ∆Np73 in the primary tumor and normal counterpart tissues, in the metastatic implants and in healthy areas of the peritoneum from the appendicular GCC patients. In addition, we checked the expression levels of this p73 variant in the tumor and normal tissue of 26 patients with colon cancer. RESULTS: Remarkably, 2 patients showed significant ∆Np73 down-regulation in both the primary tumor and the implants. Case 1 presented a fourfold decrease of levels in the primary tumor and 20-fold decrease in the implants. Case 2 showed a seven- and fourfold down-regulation in the primary tumor and implants, respectively. However, Case 3 showed an up-regulation of 53- and threefold in the primary tumor and implants, respectively. CONCLUSION: Goblet cell carcinoma of the appendix is very rate. It tends to seed throughout the peritoneum, making aggressive surgical cytoreduction and chemotherapy viable treatment options. Investigation into the molecular basis of these tumors may improve the diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutic decisions regarding these patients. ∆Np73 seems a good candidate for further analysis in longer series.

Evolution of physical-chemical parameters, microbial diversity and VOC emissions of olive oil mill waste exposed to ambient conditions in open reservoirs.

In the olive oil extraction process, 20% olive oil is obtained. About 80% corresponds to waste, mainly alperujo and orujo. When these residues are stored in open reservoirs for later stabilization or potential reuse, odorous Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) are generated as products of waste decomposition. In this work, these emissions were studied by means of TD-GC/MS in relation to the changes in the physical-chemical (ashes, moisture, total phenols, pH, proteins, fibers, oils, fats) and biological parameters (bacterial and fungal diversity in Illumina platform) of waste for 6 months. The dynamics of these parameters were statistically related to the evolution of environmental variables (temperature, relative humidity, precipitation) and their effects on the most relevant physical-chemical parameters in order to evaluate their incidence in odorant VOCs emissions over time. The results showed a progressive increase in the diversity of both fungi and bacteria that were related, mainly, to a progressive decrease in the concentration of fatty acid methyl esters and the concentration of alkenes in the emissions; and to an increase of odorous compounds, mainly aldehydes, ketones and carboxylic acids, which were responsible for the unpleasant odors of waste. No significant differences were observed between the evolution of orujo characteristics compared to those of alperujo.