ABSTRACT
Burgeoning evidence suggests that circulating tumor cells (CTCs) may disseminate into blood vessels at an early stage, seeding metastases in various cancers such as breast and prostate cancer. Simultaneously, the early-stage CTCs that settle in metastatic sites [termed disseminated tumor cells (DTCs)] can enter dormancy, marking a potential source of late recurrence and therapy resistance. Thus, the presence of these early CTCs poses risks to patients but also holds potential benefits for early detection and treatment and opportunities for possibly curative interventions. This review delves into the role of early DTCs in driving latent metastasis within breast and prostate cancer, emphasizing the importance of early CTC detection in these diseases. We further explore the correlation between early CTC detection and poor prognoses, which contribute significantly to increased cancer mortality. Consequently, the detection of CTCs at an early stage emerges as a critical imperative for enhancing clinical diagnostics and allowing for early interventions.
Subject(s)
Breast Neoplasms , Neoplastic Cells, Circulating , Prostatic Neoplasms , Humans , Male , Early Detection of Cancer , Prostatic Neoplasms/diagnosis , Female , Breast Neoplasms/diagnosisABSTRACT
This paper describes a novel technique to realize an integrated CMOS bio-potential amplifier with a feedforward DC cancellation topology. The amplifier is designed to provide substantial DC cancellation even while amplifying very low frequency signals. More than 80 dB offset rejection ratio is achieved without any external capacitors. The cancellation scheme is robust against process and temperature variations. The amplifier is fabricated through MOSIS AMI 1.5 microm technology (0.05 mm2 area). Measurement results show a gain of 43.5 dB in the pass band (<1 mHz-5 KHz), an input referred noise of 3.66 microVrms, and a current consumption of 22 microA.
Subject(s)
Amplifiers, Electronic , Semiconductors , Amplifiers, Electronic/statistics & numerical data , Biomedical Engineering , Bionics/instrumentation , Bionics/statistics & numerical data , Electronics, Medical/instrumentation , Electronics, Medical/statistics & numerical data , Feedback , Humans , Man-Machine Systems , Semiconductors/statistics & numerical data , Signal Processing, Computer-AssistedABSTRACT
This paper reports the design of a battery-operated, high bandwidth, multi-channel wireless medical telemetry system. The system is capable of transmitting 2.3 Mbps of raw streaming data using the IEEE 802.11b protocol. In a typical application, the system was used to collect data from micro-wire electrodes implanted in the ventral striatum of an awake and behaving rat. The complete system weighs 87 g (without battery) and consumes 2.7 W.