ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: During the last four decades the prognosis of childhood acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has been substantially improved due to an increase in complete remission (CR) rates, event-free survival (EFS) and reduced early mortality. The relapsed AML still remains a therapeutic challenge. AIM: To report the AML treatment results of the Bulgarian pediatric oncohematological centers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective analysis of the treatment results of children and adolescents (age from 0 to 20 years) with primary AML. Unified AML BFM- backbone type treatment protocol is used. RESULTS: This study included 97 newly diagnosed patients (44 girls and 53 boys) with AML in Bulgaria between 2003 and 2016. The median age at diagnosis was 10.2 years. The most frequent FAB-morphologic subtype was M2 followed by M4. First complete remission (CR1) was achieved in 83 patients (85.6%). The 13-year EFS was 49%, while the overall survival (OS) was 54.6%. Twenty seven (27.8%) patients relapsed, with only 5 of them being still alive towards the end of the study period. CONCLUSION: The EFS and OS for the children with AML in Bulgaria are comparable with those reported by other European groups. The prognosis of relapsed AML remains still unfavorable for the past 13 years.
Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use , Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation , Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/therapy , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/epidemiology , Adolescent , Asparaginase/therapeutic use , Bulgaria/epidemiology , Child , Child, Preschool , Daunorubicin/therapeutic use , Female , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Kaplan-Meier Estimate , Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/mortality , Male , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/mortality , Prednisone/therapeutic use , Remission Induction , Retrospective Studies , Survival Rate , Vincristine/therapeutic use , Young AdultABSTRACT
ABSTRACT: Long-term prophylaxis with a von Willebrand factor (VWF) concentrate is recommended in patients with von Willebrand disease (VWD) who have a history of severe and frequent bleeds. However, data from prospective studies are scarce. WIL-31, a prospective, noncontrolled, international phase 3 trial, investigated the efficacy and safety of Wilate prophylaxis in severe patients with VWD. Male and female patients 6 years or older with VWD types 1, 2 (except 2N), or 3 who had completed a prospective, 6-month, on-demand, run-in study (WIL-29) were eligible to receive Wilate prophylaxis for 12 months. At baseline, patients (n = 33) had a median age of 18 years. Six (18%) patients had severe type 1, 5 (15%) had type 2, and 22 (67%) had type 3 VWD. The primary end point of a >50% reduction in mean total annualized bleeding rate (TABR) with Wilate prophylaxis vs prior on-demand treatment was met; mean TABR during prophylaxis was 5.2, representing an 84.4% reduction. The bleeding reduction was consistent across age, sex, and VWD types. The mean spontaneous ABR was 3.2, representing an 86.9% reduction vs on-demand treatment. During prophylaxis, 10 (30.3%) patients had 0 bleeding events and 15 (45.5%) patients had 0 spontaneous bleeding events. Of 173 BEs, 84.4% were minor and 69.9% treated. No serious adverse events related to study treatment and no thrombotic events were recorded. Overall, WIL-31 showed that Wilate prophylaxis was efficacious and well-tolerated in pediatric and adult patients with VWD of all types. The WIL-29 and WIL-31 trials were registered at www.ClinicalTrials.gov as #NCT04053699 and #NCT04052698, respectively.