Metabolic resistance to acetolactate synthase inhibitors in Beckmannia syzigachne: identification of CYP81Q32 and its transcription regulation.

Frequent herbicide use selects for herbicide resistance in weeds. Cytochrome P450s are important detoxification enzymes responsible for herbicide resistance in plants. We identified and characterized a candidate P450 gene (BsCYP81Q32) from the problematic weed Beckmannia syzigachne to test whether it conferred metabolic resistance to the acetolactate synthase-inhibiting herbicides mesosulfuron-methyl, bispyribac-sodium, and pyriminobac-methyl. Transgenic rice overexpressing BsCYP81Q32 was resistant to the three herbicides. Equally, rice overexpressing the rice ortholog gene OsCYP81Q32 was more resistant to mesosulfuron-methyl. Conversely, an OsCYP81Q32 gene knockout generated using CRISPR/Cas9 enhanced mesosulfuron-methyl sensitivity in rice. Overexpression of the BsCYP81Q32 gene resulted in enhanced mesosulfuron-methyl metabolism in transgenic rice seedlings via O-demethylation. The major metabolite, demethylated mesosulfuron-methyl, was chemically synthesized and displayed reduced herbicidal effect in plants. Moreover, a transcription factor (BsTGAL6) was identified and shown to bind a key region in the BsCYP81Q32 promoter for gene activation. Inhibition of BsTGAL6 expression by salicylic acid treatment in B. syzigachne plants reduced BsCYP81Q32 expression and consequently changed the whole plant response to mesosulfuron-methyl. Sequence polymorphisms in an important region of the BsTGAL6 promoter may explain the higher expression of BsTGAL6 in resistant versus susceptible B. syzigachne plants. Collectively, the present study reveals the evolution of an herbicide-metabolizing and resistance-endowing P450 and its transcription regulation in an economically important weedy plant species.

Promoting Electromagnetic Wave Absorption Performance by Integrating MoS2@Gd2O3/MXene Multiple Hetero-Interfaces in Wood-Derived Carbon Aerogels.

Multi-component composite materials with a magnetic-dielectric synergistic effect exhibit satisfactory electromagnetic wave absorption performance. However, the effective construction of the structure for these multi-component materials to fully exploit the advantages of each component remains a challenge. Inspired by natural biomass, this study utilizes wood as the raw material and successfully prepares high-performance MoS2@Gd2O3/Mxene loaded porous carbon aerogel (MGMCA) composite material through a one-pot hydrothermal method and carbonization treatment process. With a delicate structural design, the MGMCA is endowed with abundant heterogeneous interface structures, favorable impedance matching characteristics, and a magnetic-dielectric synergistic system, thus demonstrating multiple electromagnetic wave loss mechanisms. Benefiting from these advantages, the obtained MGMCA exhibits outstanding electromagnetic wave absorption performance, with a minimum reflection loss of -57.5 dB at an ultra-thin thickness of only 1.9 mm. This research proposes a reliable strategy for the design of multi-component composite materials, providing valuable insight for the design of biomass-based materials as electromagnetic wave absorbers.

EQ-5D-5L population scores in mainland China: results from a nationally representative survey 2021.

OBJECTIVES: There is a lack of monitoring changes in the population scores of the most recent version, EQ-5D-5L, in mainland China. This study aims to address this knowledge gap by assessing the EQ-5D-5L scores in mainland China using a nationally representative sample. METHODS: Data were extracted from the 2021 Survey of Health Index of Chinese Families, which covered 31 provinces/autonomous regions/municipalities in mainland China. The survey employed a multi-stage quota sampling strategy encompassing 120 prefecture-level cities. Quotas were allocated to each prefecture-level city in accordance with the 2020 China Population Census. This approach resulted in a final sample of 11,030 eligible questionnaires. The utility index and EQ Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) scores were reported for the entire sample (age-gender-urban/rural weighted) and by the characteristics of the study participants. RESULTS: The study participants had a weighted mean utility index of 0.939 (SD=0.135) and EQ VAS score of 80.19 (SD=18.39). The most commonly reported problem was anxiety/depression (26.37%), while self-care was the least reported problem (6.18%). Those who were male, younger, lived without chronic conditions and disabilities, had higher levels of education, earned higher monthly household income, and were covered by basic medical insurance for urban employees had higher scores in both the utility index and EQ VAS. CONCLUSION: This study revealed slightly lower utility index scores despite a much higher drop in EQ VAS scores while China maintained minimum cases of COVID-19 in 2021 compared to the population norms recorded in 2019. Further studies are warranted to unveil the full impacts of COVID-19 outbreaks.

Target-site and non-target-site resistance mechanisms confer mesosulfuron-methyl resistance in Alopecurus aequalis.

BACKGROUND: Shortawn foxtail (Alopecurus aequalis Sobol.) is a noxious weed in China. The resistance of A. aequalis developed rapidly due to the long-term application of acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting herbicides. Here, a suspected mesosulfuron-methyl-resistant A. aequalis population, Aa-R, was collected from a wheat field in China. RESULTS: A dose‒response test showed that the Aa-R population has evolved a high level of resistance to mesosulfuron-methyl, and its growth was suppressed by imazamox, pyroxsulam and bispyribac-sodium. ALS gene sequence analysis revealed that a known resistance-related mutation (Pro-197-Thr) was present in the Aa-R population. Moreover, ALS gene overexpression was detected in the Aa-R population. The mesosulfuron-methyl resistance could be reversed by cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (CYP450) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) inhibitors. In addition, enhanced metabolism of mesosulfuron-methyl was detected in the Aa-R population compared with the susceptible population. NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase and GST activities were strongly inducible in the Aa-R population. One CYP450 gene, CYP74A2, and one GST gene, GST4, were constitutively upregulated in the Aa-R population. Molecular docking results showed the binding affinity of CYP74A2 and GST4 for the tested ALS-inhibiting herbicides, respectively. CONCLUSION: This study confirmed that target-site resistance and non-target-site resistance involving CYP450 and GST were the main mechanisms involved in resistance in the mesosulfuron-methyl-resistant A. aequalis population.

The association between passive smoking and sleep quality in a Chinese hypertensive population: A cross-sectional study.

INTRODUCTION: This study evaluates the association between passive smoking, specifically secondhand smoke (SHS) and thirdhand smoke (THS) exposure, and sleep quality in a hypertensive population. METHODS: We enrolled 1427 eligible hypertensive patients from a 2022 national cross-sectional survey in China. Data on tobacco smoke exposure and sleep were collected via questionnaires. Multiple logistic regression and linear regression were employed to assess the relationship between passive smoking and sleep quality characteristics, as well as the correlation between passive smoking exposure characteristics and sleep quality. RESULTS: Among 589 hypertensive patients with no tobacco smoke exposure, 679 exposed to SHS, and 159 exposed to THS, SHS exposure was associated with a higher risk of poor sleep quality, even after adjusting for potential confounding factors (ß=0.10; 95% CI: 0.32-0.95). No significant relationship was observed between THS exposure and sleep quality. SHS exposure was associated with various sleep quality characteristics, including shorter sleep duration (AOR=1.71; 95% CI: 1.06-2.76) and increased frequency of 1-2 sleep disturbances per week (AOR=1.68; 95% CI: 1.25-2.26). Individuals exposed to SHS were more likely to experience poorer subjective sleep quality (AOR=1.53; 95% CI: 1.07-2.21) and have sleep efficiency <65% (AOR=1.82; 95% CI: 1.22-2.71). Exposure to passive smoking at home, in the community, in public places, exposure to passive smoking with family and friends, and increased frequency of exposure, were all associated with a higher risk of poor sleep quality. CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggests that SHS exposure in hypertensive populations is associated with poor sleep quality and various characteristics of sleep quality. No significant association was found between THS exposure and sleep quality. These findings underscore the need to enhance tobacco control efforts in China, particularly for individuals with chronic diseases, to safeguard public health.

Corrigendum: Impact of a mobile health intervention based on multi-theory model of health behavior change on self-management in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer: protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1327442.].

Impact of a mobile health intervention based on multi-theory model of health behavior change on self-management in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer: protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

Introduction: Theoretical models of health behavior are important guides for disease prevention and detection, treatment and rehabilitation, and promotion and maintenance of physical and mental health, but there are no intervention studies related to differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) that use theoretical models of health as a guide. In this study, we used a microblogging platform as an intervention vehicle and mobile patient-doctor interactive health education as a means of intervention, with the aim of improving the health behaviors of DTC patients as well as the corresponding clinical outcomes. Methods: This research project is a quantitative methodological study, and the trial will be a single-blind, single-center randomized controlled trial conducted at the Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University in Harbin, Heilongjiang Province. The study subjects are patients over 18 years of age with differentiated thyroid cancer who were given radioactive iodine-131 therapy as well as endocrine therapy after radical surgery for thyroid cancer. The intervention group will receive MTM-mhealth, and the realization of health education will rely on the smart terminal WeChat platform. Routine discharge education will be given to the control group at discharge. The primary outcome will be change in thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) from baseline and at 3 and 6 months of follow-up, and secondary outcomes will include change in self-management behavior, social cognitive and psychological, and metabolic control. Discussion: This study will explore a feasible mHealth intervention program applied to a population of DTC patients using the Multi-theory model of health behavior change (MTM) as a guide, with the aim of evaluating the MTM-based intervention program for clinical outcome improvement in DTC patients, as well as determining the effectiveness of the MTM-based intervention program in improving self-management skills in DTC patients. The results of this study will indicate the feasibility as well as the effectiveness of the application of health theoretical modeling combined with mHealth applications in disease prognostic health management models, and provide policy recommendations and technological translations for the development of mobility-based health management applications in the field of health management.

Abnormal structure and function of white matter in obsessive-compulsive disorder.

BACKGROUND: Abnormal structure and function of gray matter (GM) have been discovered in the cortico-striatal-thalamic-cortical (CSTC) circuit in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). The GM structure and function may be influenced by the structure and function of the white matter (WM). Therefore, it is crucial to explore the characteristics of WM in OCD. METHODS: Diffusion tensor imaging and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data of 52 patients with OCD and 39 healthy controls (HCs) were collected. The tract-based spatial statistics, amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF), and structural-functional coupling approaches were utilized to explore the WM structure and function. Furthermore, the relationship between the abnormal WM structure and function and clinical symptoms of OCD was investigated using Pearson's correlation. Support vector machine was performed to evaluate whether patients with OCD could be identified with the changed WM structure and function. RESULTS: Compared to HCs, the lower fractional anisotropy (FA) values of four clusters including the superior corona radiata, anterior corona radiata, right superior longitudinal fasciculus, corpus callosum, left posterior corona radiata, fornix, and the right anterior limb of internal capsule, reduced ALFF/FA ratio in the left anterior thalamic radiation (ATR), and the decreased functional connectivity between the left ATR and the left dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex within CSTC circuit at rest were observed in OCD. The decreased ALFF/FA ratio in the left ATR negatively correlated with Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale obsessive thinking scores and Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale scores in OCD. Furthermore, the features that combined the abnormal WM structure and function performed best in distinguishing OCD from HCs with the appropriate accuracy (0.80), sensitivity (0.82), as well as specificity (0.80). CONCLUSION: Current research discovered changed WM structure and function in OCD. Furthermore, abnormal WM structural-functional coupling may lead to aberrant GM connectivity within the CSTC circuit at rest in OCD. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Study on the mechanism of brain network in obsessive-compulsive disorder with multi-model magnetic resonance imaging (ChiCTR-COC-17013301).

Two multimodal neuroimaging subtypes of obsessive-compulsive disorder disclosed by semi-supervised machine learning.

BACKGROUND: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a highly heterogeneous mental condition with a diverse symptom. Existing studies classified OCD on the basis of conventional phenomenology-based taxonomy ignoring the fact that the same subtype identified in accordance with clinical symptom may have different mechanisms and treatment responses. METHODS: This research involved 50 medicine-free patients with OCD and 50 matched healthy controls (HCs). All the participants were subjected to structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and amplitude of low frequency fluctuation (ALFF) were used to evaluate gray matter volume (GMV) and spontaneous neuronal activities at rest respectively. Similarity network fusion (SNF) was utilized to integrate GMVs and spontaneous neuronal activities, and heterogeneity by discriminant analysis was applied to characterise OCD subtypes. RESULTS: Two OCD subtypes were identified: Subtype 1 exhibited decreased GMVs (i.e., left inferior temporal gyrus, right supplementary motor area and right lingual gyrus) and increased ALFF value (i.e., right orbitofrontal cortex), whereas subtype 2 exhibited increased GMVs (i.e., left cuneus, right precentral gyrus, left postcentral gyrus and left hippocampus) and decreased ALFF value (i.e., right caudate nucleus). Furthermore, the altered GMVs was negatively correlated with abnormal ALFF values in both subtype 1 and 2. LIMITATIONS: This study requires further validation via a larger, independent dataset and should consider the potential influences of psychotropic medication on OCD patients' brain activities. CONCLUSIONS: Results revealed two reproducible subtypes of OCD based on underlying multimodal neuroimaging and provided new perspectives on the classification of OCD.

Status of self-medication and the relevant factors regarding drug efficacy and safety as important considerations among adolescents aged 12-18 in China: a cross-sectional study.

The objective of this study was to investigate self-medication behavior among Chinese adolescents aged 12-18 years and explore the factors associated with whether adolescents prioritize drug efficacy or safety when engaging in self-medication behavior. In 2021, a questionnaire investigation was conducted in the Chinese mainland using a multi-stage sampling approach. After a statistical description, logistic regression was used to analyze the factors associated with considering drug efficacy and safety. The self-medication rate among Chinese adolescents aged 12-18 years was 96.61%. Of these, 65.84% considered drug safety to be essential, while 58.72% prioritized drug efficacy. Regression analysis showed that individuals with better healthcare were more likely to consider drug efficacy an important factor. Additionally, those with a healthier family lifestyle were more likely to prioritize efficacy. When individuals engage in self-medication, those residing in urban areas and possessing advanced preventive health literacy and ample family health resources tend to prioritize drug safety to a greater extent. Conversely, those with higher monthly household incomes and only children exhibit a decreased inclination towards prioritizing safety during self-medication. Self-medication is a frequently observed practice among Chinese adolescents aged 12-18. Several factors, such as demographic and sociological characteristics, health literacy, and family health status, have been found to be associated with the extent to which adolescents prioritize medication safety and efficacy when engaging in self-medication practices. Higher levels of health literacy and better family health status were positively correlated with considering both the efficacy and safety of drugs as important factors when self-medicating.

Prevalence of subthreshold depression and its related factors in Chinese college students: A cross-sectional study.

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of subthreshold depression among Chinese college students and to explore the related factors. Methods: The research subjects were Chinese college students participating in the "2022 Psychology and Behavior Investigation of Chinese Residents (PBICR-2022)". Data on respondents' general characteristics, quality of life, perceived pressure, family communication, perceived social support, self-efficacy, and depression status were gathered. To investigate the association between each variable and the risk of subthreshold depression, statistical analyses, including chi-square tests and rank sum tests were conducted. Furthermore, a binary stepwise logistic regression was employed to establish the regression model of the factors related to subthreshold depression among Chinese college students. Results: A prevalence of subthreshold depression of about 39.7 % was found among the 8934 respondents. Logistic regression analysis revealed that respondents who are female, have chronic diseases, are in debt, experience significant impacts from epidemic control policies, have lower self-assessed quality of life, experience challenges in family communication, perceive lower social support, have lower self-efficacy, and feel higher perceived pressure are more likely to develop subthreshold depression compared to the control group. (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The prevalence rate of subthreshold depression among Chinese college students was found to be approximately 40 %. Female college students suffering from chronic diseases, with households in debt, greatly impacted by epidemic control policies, and experiencing high perceived stress, may be at risk for subthreshold depression among Chinese college students. On the other hand, strong family communication, perceived social support, and self-efficacy were identified as potential protective factors. In order to facilitate timely screening, diagnosis, and treatment of subthreshold depression in Chinese college students, it is crucial for the government, local communities, colleges, and families to prioritize the mental health of college students and implement targeted measures accordingly.

Anxiety-associated factors among employees with different personality profiles: a cross-sectional study in China.

Introduction: Anxiety not only harms employees' work efficiency and satisfaction but also presents as a hazard to their mental health. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of anxiety among Chinese employees, identify their personality profiles and explore the anxiety-related factors in different personality profiles. Methods: This national investigation adopted the multistage random sampling method to recruit employees. A total of 3,875 employees were enrolled in this study, and 39.1% (1,515/3,875) of them were experiencing anxiety at the time of the study. Latent profile analysis (LPA) was conducted to identify personality subgroups among Chinese employees based on their BFI-10 scores. Results: LPA identified a three-profile solution among Chinese employees: average, resilient, and introverted. Employees in the resilient profile had the lowest anxiety rate (16.1%, 132/822), and those in the average profile had the highest rate (46.8%, 1,166/2,494). Multivariate analysis results showed that for all personality profiles, self-efficacy was positively associated with anxiety, and work-family conflict was negatively associated with anxiety. High levels of perceived social support and self-efficacy reduced the risk of anxiety and higher work-family conflict and no partner increased the odds of anxiety in the average profile. For the introverted profile, female gender, and living in a city increased the chances of suffering from anxiety. Discussion: This study identified that each personality profile of Chinese employees had its own set of factors associated with anxiety, which could facilitate employers to provide targeted interventions to alleviate employees' anxiety.

Competitive Coordination-Oriented Monodispersed Cobalt Sites on a N-Rich Porous Carbon Microsphere Catalyst for High-Performance Zn-Air Batteries.

Metal/nitrogen-doped carbon single-atom catalysts (M-N-C SACs) show excellent catalytic performance with a maximum atom utilization and customizable tunable electronic structure. However, precisely modulating the M-Nx coordination in M-N-C SACs remains a grand challenge. Here, we used a N-rich nucleobase coordination self-assembly strategy to precisely regulate the dispersion of metal atoms by controlling the metal ratio. Meanwhile, the elimination of Zn during pyrolysis produced porous carbon microspheres with a specific surface area of up to 1151 m2 g-1, allowing maximum exposure of Co-N4 sites and facilitating charge transport in the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) process. Thereby, the monodispersed cobalt sites (Co-N4) in N-rich (18.49 at%) porous carbon microspheres (CoSA/N-PCMS) displayed excellent ORR activity under alkaline conditions. Simultaneously, the Zn-air battery (ZAB) assembled with CoSA/N-PCMS outperformed Pt/C+RuO2-based ZABs in terms of power density and capacity, proving that they have good prospects for practical application.