ABSTRACT
A mild condition via PPh3/I2/imidazole for the deoxygenation of substituted methanol derivatives has been identified. This metal-free process was found to proceed well on secondary or tertiary alcohols substituted with one or two heteroaryl groups, and it tolerates acid-sensitive heterocycles. This condition works for methanol derivatives substituted with 2-pyridyl, 4-pyridyl, or other heterocyclic groups, allowing the negative charge formed during the reaction to resonate to a nitrogen atom. Methanol derivatives substituted with 3-pyridyl or heterocyclic groups that do not allow the negative charge formed during the reaction to resonate to a nitrogen atom will not undergo deoxygenation under this condition.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: To observe the effect of acupuncture and moxibustion on arterial elasticity in patients with early carotid atherosclerosis. METHODS: A total of 62 patients with early carotid atherosclerosis were randomly divided into a blank group (12 cases, 1 cases dropped-off), a sham-acupuncture group (25 cases, 5 cases dropped-off) and an acupuncture group (25 cases, 3 cases dropped-off). Patients in the acupuncture group received acupuncture treatment, including â acupunctureï¼Baihui (GV20), Yintang (GV24+), Renying (ST9), Neiguan (PC6), Yanglingquan (GB34)ï¼â¡moxibustionï¼Yinqiguiyuan (Zhongwan ï¼»CV12ï¼½, Xiawan ï¼»CV10ï¼½, Qihai ï¼»CV6ï¼½, Guanyuan ï¼»CV4ï¼½), Sihua (Geshu ï¼»BL17ï¼½, Danshu ï¼»BL19ï¼½)ï¼â¢Intradermal needleï¼Xinshu (BL15), Danshu (BL19). Patients in the sham acupuncture group received placebo acupuncture, moxibustion, an intradermal needle, and the acupoints were the same as the acupuncture group. The above treatments were performed twice a week for 12 weeks. No intervention was given to the patients in the blank group. Diet and lifestyle education was given to the three groups. The ultrafast pulse wave velocity, including beginning-systolic pulse wave velocity (BS) and end-systolic pulse wave velocity (ES), was observed before treatment and 1, 2, 3 months after treatment in the three groups. The blood lipid level and platelet count (PLT) at each time point were observed. The safety of the treatments was also evaluated. RESULTS: Compared with those before treatment, the BS and ES values of both sides in the acupuncture group decreased at 2 and 3 months after treatment (P<0.05). Compared with the blank group, the bilateral ES of the acupuncture group were decreased at 2 months after treatment (P<0.05), and the bilateral BS and ES were decreased at 3 months (P<0.05). Compared with the sham-acupuncture group, the acupuncture group showed a decrease in left BS and left ES after 3 months of treatment (P<0.05), and the overall decrease on the left side of the acupuncture group was better than that on the right side. There were no significant differences between three groups in the levels of blood lipid and PLT at each time point. No serious adverse safety events occurred in the three groups during the treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Acupuncture and moxibustion therapy can improve arterial elasticity in patients with early carotid atherosclerosis, and it is safe and effective.
Subject(s)
Acupuncture Points , Acupuncture Therapy , Carotid Artery Diseases , Moxibustion , Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Carotid Artery Diseases/therapy , Carotid Artery Diseases/physiopathology , Elasticity , Adult , Carotid Arteries/physiopathologyABSTRACT
In this letter, we report a general one-pot strategy that utilizes three elementary steps (decarboxylative hydrazination, Boc deprotection, and heterocycle condensation) to regioselectively prepare hindered C(sp3) substituted pyrazoles and triazoles. The operational simplicity of this sequence and ubiquity of tertiary carboxylic acids allow rapid access to hindered N-alkyl azaheterocycles that will be useful to practitioners of medicinal chemistry and agro-chemistry.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Carotid atherosclerosis disease (CAD) is generally associated with the occurrence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular accidents. However, CAD has not been taken seriously enough in the clinic, which, coupled with the single treatment and prevention of CAD, has led to a generally low level of patient compliance. Therefore, acupuncture is expected to be a safe and effective therapy that can be maintained in the long term for patients with CAD. The study objective is to evaluate the efficiency and reliability of acupuncture to relieve CAD and provide a new therapeutic idea for the clinical treatment of CAD. METHODS: This is a three-arm randomized clinical trial in China. Three groups (TA, SA, and MC) will be randomly allocated at a 1:1:1 ratio. The study will enrol 105 cervical atherosclerosis plaque patients in total on a voluntary basis, with 35 patients in each group. The treatment will last for 12 weeks, with two treatments per week for twenty-four treatments in total. RESULTS: Two 3D ultrasound indicators will be measured as the primary outcomes: the total plaque volume (PV) of the carotid artery on each side and the grey-scale median (GSM). The secondary outcomes will include intima-media thickness (IMT), lipid levels, apolipoprotein A-IV level, platelet count (PLT), fibrinogen (FIB), and platelet aggregation rate (PAR). All the outcomes will be assessed before treatment, after treatment, and after a 12-week follow-up period. This study will utilize per-protocol (PP) and intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis principles. CONCLUSIONS: This trial is to evaluate the efficacy and reliability of acupuncture in relieving carotid atherosclerotic plaques by establishing acupuncture (TA), sham acupuncture (SA), and medication (MC) groups. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: This study was approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee of Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (no. YF2018-107-01). All data and findings will be provided by the principal investigator via email. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ChiCTR, ChiCTR1800019259 . Registered on 1 November 2018-retrospectively registered, http://www.chictr.org.cn/index.aspx.