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1.
BMC Psychiatry ; 17(1): 26, 2017 01 17.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28095888

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Patients seeking treatment may be assumed to prefer a psychiatrist who suggests a new treatment with confidence and optimism. Yet, this might not apply uniformly to all patients. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that new patients prefer psychiatrists who present treatments optimistically, whilst patients with longer-term experience of mental health care may rather prefer more cautious psychiatrists. METHODS: In an experimental study, we produced video-clips of four psychiatrists, each suggesting a pharmacological and a psychological treatment once with optimism and once with caution. 100 'new' patients with less than 3 months experience of mental health care and 100 'long-term' patients with more than one year of experience were shown a random selection of one video-clip from each psychiatrist, always including an optimistic and a cautious suggestion of each treatment. Patients rated their preferences for psychiatrists on Likert type scales. Differences in subgroups with different age (18-40 vs. 41-65 years), gender, school leaving age (≤16 vs. >16 years), and diagnosis (ICD 10 F2 vs. others) were explored. RESULTS: New patients preferred more optimistic treatment suggestions, whilst there was no preference among long-term patients. The interaction effect between preference for treatment presentations and experience of patients was significant (interaction p-value = 0.003). Findings in subgroups were similar. CONCLUSION: In line with the hypothesis, psychiatrists should suggest treatments with optimism to patients with little experience of mental health care. However, this rule does not apply to longer-term patients, who may have experienced treatment failures in the past.


Subject(s)
Mental Disorders/psychology , Mental Disorders/therapy , Optimism/psychology , Patient Preference/psychology , Psychiatry/methods , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , International Classification of Diseases , Male , Mental Disorders/diagnosis , Mental Health Services/trends , Middle Aged , Psychiatry/trends , Video Recording/methods , Video Recording/trends , Young Adult
2.
Dialogues Clin Neurosci ; 20(4): 327-339, 2018 12.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30936771

ABSTRACT

Adults presenting to maxillofacial surgery services are at high risk of psychological morbidity. This study examined the prevalence of depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety, drug and alcohol use, and appearance-related distress among maxillofacial trauma outpatients over medium-term follow-up. It also explored socio-demographic and injury-related variables associated with psychological distress to inform targeted psychological screening protocols for maxillofacial trauma services. Significant associations were found between level of distress at time of injury and number of traumatic life events with levels of depression at 3 months. No significant associations were found between predictor variables and PTSD at 3 months, or with any psychiatric diagnosis at 6 months. The lack of evidence for an identifiable subgroup of patients who were at higher risk of psychological distress indicated that routine screening of all maxillofacial trauma outpatients should be offered in order to best respond to their mental health needs. The feasibility of the medical team facilitating this is challenging and should ideally be undertaken by psychologists integrated within the MDT. This study led to the funding of a clinical psychologist to provide collaborative care with the maxillofacial surgeons, resulting in brief assessment and treatment to over 600 patients in the first year of the service.


Los adultos que consultan en los servicios de cirugía máxilo-facial tienen un alto riesgo de presentar morbilidad psicológica. Este estudio examinó la prevalencia de depresión, trastorno por estrés postraumático (TEPT), ansiedad, uso de alcohol y drogas, y distrés relacionado con la apariencia entre los pacientes con trauma máxilofacial en un seguimiento ambulatorio de mediano plazo. También se exploraron variables socio-demográficas y otras relacionadas con las lesiones que se asocian con distrés psicológico para contar con protocolos de evaluación psicológica orientados a los servicios de trauma máxilo-facial. Se encontraron asociaciones significativas entre el nivel de distrés al momento de la lesión y el número de acontecimientos traumáticos con los niveles de depresión a los tres meses. En cambio, no hubo asociaciones significativas entre las variables predictoras y el TEPT a los tres meses, o con algún diagnóstico psiquiátrico a los seis meses. La falta de evidencia de un subgrupo identificable de pacientes que estuvieron en alto riesgo de distrés psicológico indicaron que se debe ofrecer la evaluación de rutina a todos los pacientes ambulatorios con trauma máxilo-facial para responder mejor a sus necesidades de salud mental. Constituye un desafío configurar un equipo médico que permita esto y lo ideal es que se forme un equipo multidisciplinario en que estén integrados psicólogos. Este estudio permitió el financiamiento de un psicólogo clínico, quien aportó atención en colaboración con los cirujanos máxilo-faciales, lo que se tradujo en una evaluación breve y el tratamiento de más de 600 pacientes durante el primer año de funcionamiento del servicio.


Les adultes hospitalisés des services de chirurgie maxillo-faciale sont à risque élevé de morbidité psychologique. Cette étude analyse la prévalence de la dépression, du syndrome de stress post-traumatique (SSPT), de l'anxiété, de la consommation de drogues et d'alcool ainsi que de la détresse liée à l'apparence chez des patients ayant subi un traumatisme maxillo-facial, avec un suivi à moyen terme en ambulatoire. Les variables socio-démographiques et liées à la lésion ainsi que la détresse psychologique sont également examinées afin de renseigner des protocoles ciblés de dépistage psychologique pour les services de chirurgie maxillo-faciale. Le niveau de détresse au moment de la lésion et le nombre d'événements traumatiques de la vie sont significativement associés aux niveaux de dépression à 3 mois. Aucune association significative n'a été trouvée entre les variables prédictives et le SSPT à 3 mois ou un diagnostic psychiatrique quel qu'il soit à 6 mois. L'identification d'un sous-groupe de patients à risque élevé de détresse psychologique est difficile : le dépistage de routine de tous les patients suivis en ambulatoire après chirurgie maxillo-faciale devrait donc être proposé afin de mieux répondre à leurs besoins en santé mentale. Créer l'équipe médicale qui le permettrait est compliqué ; idéalement, cette tâche devrait être confiée à des psychologues au sein d'une équipe pluridisciplinaire. Grâce à l'étude, le poste d'un psychologue clinicien a été financé, qui travaille en collaboration avec les chirurgiens maxillo-faciaux. C'est ainsi que plus de 600 patients ont été évalués et traités au cours de la première année.


Subject(s)
Ambulatory Care Facilities/statistics & numerical data , Facial Injuries/epidemiology , Facial Injuries/psychology , Predictive Value of Tests , Adult , Aged , Anxiety/epidemiology , Anxiety/physiopathology , Anxiety Disorders/epidemiology , Anxiety Disorders/psychology , Depression/epidemiology , Depression/physiopathology , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Prevalence , Prospective Studies , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/epidemiology , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/psychology , United Kingdom
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