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1.
J Biosci ; 44(2)2019 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31180042

ABSTRACT

The present investigation was focussed on regeneration, evaluation and screening of somaclones for yellow leaf disease (YLD) resistance using in vitro mutagenesis from a popular susceptible sugarcane variety Co86032 using four chemical mutagens at three levels of concentration (sodium azide (SA) at 0.5 mg L-1, 1.0 mg L-1, 1.5 mg L-1; sodium nitrite (SN) at 3 mg L-1, 5 mg L-1, 7 mg L-1; ethyl methane sulphonate (EMS) at 0.6 Āµ ML-1, 0.8 ĀµML-1, 1.0 Āµ ML-1 and 2,4 D at 4 mg L-1, 5 mg L-1, 6 mg L-1). A total of 1138 tissue culture seedlings obtained were evaluated for virus resistance both in natural field conditions and in controlled greenhouse condition after aphid vector transmission and presence or absence of virus was observed by visual screening and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction method. Four out of 207 asymptomatic plants (16T22, 16T23, 16T29 and 16T31) were devoid of virus coat protein band and were considered to be YLD resistant. The obtained resistance somaclones showed inferior yield traits so they have to be exploited as parents in hybridization programmes with commercial varieties to impart YLD resistance ultimately yielding agronomically superior YLD-resistant varieties in sugarcane.


Subject(s)
Disease Resistance/genetics , Luteoviridae/pathogenicity , Plant Diseases/genetics , Plant Immunity/genetics , Saccharum/genetics , Animals , Aphids/virology , Capsid Proteins/genetics , Capsid Proteins/metabolism , Clone Cells , Disease Resistance/drug effects , Ethyl Methanesulfonate/pharmacology , Gene Expression , Insect Vectors/virology , Luteoviridae/genetics , Luteoviridae/growth & development , Mutagenesis , Mutagens/pharmacology , Phenotype , Plant Diseases/immunology , Plant Diseases/prevention & control , Plant Diseases/virology , Plant Immunity/drug effects , Plant Leaves/drug effects , Plant Leaves/genetics , Plant Leaves/immunology , Plant Leaves/virology , Plant Somatic Embryogenesis Techniques , Regeneration/genetics , Regeneration/immunology , Saccharum/drug effects , Saccharum/immunology , Saccharum/virology , Seedlings/drug effects , Seedlings/genetics , Seedlings/immunology , Seedlings/virology , Sodium Azide/pharmacology , Sodium Nitrite/pharmacology
2.
J Natl Cancer Inst ; 89(4): 301-7, 1997 Feb 19.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9048834

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The incidence of systemic non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) is higher in the population infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) than in the uninfected population. Standard treatment for this cancer involves the administration of systemic chemotherapy. PURPOSE: Our objective was to determine the relative risk (RR) of opportunistic infection and the relative change in immunologic function in a cohort of patients who had HIV-associated NHL and who were treated with combination chemotherapy and to compare them with those in a matched cohort of control subjects who had advanced HIV infection but no signs of NHL. METHODS: We performed a case-control study in which the clinical course of each patient with HIV-associated NHL (n = 43; case subjects) treated with infusional cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and etoposide was compared with that of two patients with HIV infection but without lymphoma who were matched for CD4 lymphocyte count and prior opportunistic infection (n = 86; control subjects). The patients' medical records were reviewed for all information related to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-defining opportunistic infections, survival, cause of death, and lymphocyte subset analyses. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to determine whether any of a number of confounding factors (e.g., age, sex, CD4 count, prior opportunistic infection, and prior antiretroviral therapy) could have influenced the risk of developing a first infectious event (defined as opportunistic infection or nonlymphoma death). All P values resulted from two-sided statistical tests. RESULTS: In the univariate analysis, a significantly greater risk for a first event was associated with being a case subject (RR = 1.8; 95% confidence intervals [CI] = 1.1-3.0; P < .05), having a low CD4 count (< 100/microL) (RR = 3.1; 95% CI = 1.8-5.4; P < .0001), being female (RR = 1.7; 95% CI = 1.1-3.3; P < .05), having prior Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (RR = 3.5; 95% CI = 1.9-6.3; P < .0001), having any prior opportunistic infection (RR = 3.6; 95% CI = 2.1-6.4; P < .0001), and having prior antiretroviral therapy (RR = 1.9; 95% CI = 1.1-3.3; P < .05). In the multivariate analysis, however, being a case subject (RR = 2.1; 95% CI = 1.2-3.6; P < .01), having a low CD4 count (RR = 2.1; 95% CI = 1.2-3.9; P < .05), and being female (RR = 3.0; 95% CI = 1.8-5.6; P < .001) were the only characteristics associated with an increased risk of a first event. When the mean CD4 lymphocyte count at approximately 1 year was compared with that at baseline, there was a significantly greater decrease in the CD4 count among case subjects than among control subjects (mean decrease +/- standard deviation [SD] = 99/microL +/- 138/microL versus 29/microL +/- 100/microL; P = .03). CONCLUSIONS: Treatment of patients who have HIV-associated NHL with a non-steroid-containing chemotherapy regimen was associated with a significant and sustained reduction in the CD4 lymphocyte count and a twofold increase in the risk of developing opportunistic infection. IMPLICATIONS: Oncologists and other physicians who treat patients with HIV-associated NHL should be familiar with the prophylaxis, recognition, and management of opportunistic infection. In addition, there is a need to identify effective strategies for the amelioration of chemotherapy-induced immunosuppression in this population.


Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use , Lymphoma, AIDS-Related/complications , Lymphoma, AIDS-Related/immunology , Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/complications , Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/immunology , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/etiology , Adult , Analysis of Variance , Antibiotics, Antineoplastic/administration & dosage , Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating/administration & dosage , Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/administration & dosage , CD4 Lymphocyte Count , Case-Control Studies , Cause of Death , Cyclophosphamide/administration & dosage , Doxorubicin/administration & dosage , Etoposide/administration & dosage , Female , Humans , Lymphocyte Subsets , Lymphoma, AIDS-Related/drug therapy , Lymphoma, AIDS-Related/virology , Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/drug therapy , Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/virology , Male , Middle Aged , Risk , Survival Analysis
3.
Health Psychol ; 3(2): 113-27, 1984.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-6536485

ABSTRACT

Seventy-three women attending a health fair completed a questionnaire that measured demographic and health history variables, knowledge, and current practice of breast self-examination (BSE), Multidimensional Health Locus of Control (MHLC; Wallston, Wallston, & DeVellis, 1978), and components of the Health Belief Model (HBM; Rosenstock, 1974) in relation to breast cancer and BSE. These variables formed the basis of a conceptual model of BSE behavior that was examined by having each woman participate in a behavioral trial with a breast model in which her BSE technique and ability to detect simulated tumors was assessed. Regression analyses revealed that self-confidence in the efficacy of BSE was the best single predictor of proficient BSE. Powerful others HLC, knowledge of correct BSE behaviors, and chance HLC, respectively, also contributed significantly to the variance in performance. As anticipated, successful lesion detection was most strongly associated with more proficient BSE technique and higher frequency of BSE practice in the past six months. Internal HLC scores were not predictive of either behavioral measure. Similarly, except for perceived efficacy of BSE, HBM variables showed no strong relationships to observed behavior.


Subject(s)
Breast , Palpation/methods , Self Care , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis , Female , Humans , Internal-External Control , Middle Aged , Surveys and Questionnaires
4.
Soc Sci Med ; 22(5): 509-16, 1986.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-3704688

ABSTRACT

The present study was concerned with stress-related consequences of unemployment and the behavioral changes related to this experience of control loss. Subjects were sampled along a continuum of time since unemployment, including a control group of employed subjects. Results indicated evidence of stress responding among the unemployed subjects, measured as increased levels of urinary catecholamines and behavioral performance deficits. Further evidence is presented which analyzes subjects' attributions and behaviors in terms of the theories of reactance and learned helplessness. Results support a biphasic response to loss of control with reactance manifested at early stages of control loss and learned helplessness at later stages.


Subject(s)
Helplessness, Learned/psychology , Self Concept , Stress, Psychological/complications , Unemployment , Adaptation, Psychological/physiology , Arousal/physiology , Attention/physiology , Epinephrine/urine , Humans , Norepinephrine/urine , Problem Solving/physiology
5.
Transplant Proc ; 36(5): 1542-6, 2004 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15251381

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Many thoracic transplant recipients who receive organs from the same donor share facilities for 3 months, and are aware that they have received organs from the same donor. METHODS: A confidential questionnaire including open and closed questions assessed relationships between "twins" and the experience of having a twin. The Significant Others Scale assessed social support. Of 141 heart and 58 lung transplants, 25 pairs of transplant twins were identified. Questionnaires were sent to the 32 surviving twins. RESULTS: Twenty-six twins responded; 17 had received a heart and nine a lung. The 17 men and 9 women had a mean age of 51 years. Eighteen respondent's "twins" remained alive at the time of participation and eight had died. Sixty-six percent of the both- twin alive group and 43% of one-twin alive group felt they had a special bond with their twin, different from the other relationships that they have experienced. Fifty-six percent of the both-twin alive group and 43% of one-twin alive group felt having a twin enriched their transplant experience. Transplant twins rated social support last behind: the transplant support personnel; close family members; other transplant recipients; and good friends and general practitioners, both in levels of ideal and actual support. Transplant twins showed the largest discrepancy between levels of ideal and actual support than any other individual ranked. CONCLUSIONS: Being a transplant twin is a special experience that generally enriches the overall transplant experience but having a transplant twin, does not appear to enhance the amount of social support.


Subject(s)
Heart Transplantation/methods , Lung Transplantation/methods , Tissue Donors/psychology , Tissue and Organ Harvesting/methods , Twins/psychology , Cadaver , Female , Humans , Interpersonal Relations , Male , Middle Aged , Social Support , Surveys and Questionnaires
6.
J Reprod Med ; 42(10): 631-6, 1997 Oct.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9350018

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To identify behaviors that indicate anxiety during a gynecologic examination. STUDY DESIGN: Five hundred twenty-two women visiting a private obstetrician/gynecologist's office completed the A-State scale of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and specific questions about their first pelvic examination and experiences with health practitioners performing subsequent gynecologic examinations. In addition, the hand placement a woman exhibited as the speculum was inserted was recorded, as were the reasons for her visit, reports of any symptoms, performance of any special procedures (e.g., colposcopy) and whether the pelvic examination was her first. RESULTS: Five behaviors observed during speculum insertion--holding hands/eyes covered or shut, hands on shoulders, hands covering pelvis, hands on legs, hands holding table--indicated increased anxiety. Together these behaviors were exhibited by one of every four patients and were found to be associated with high levels of anxiety. Greater anxiety was related to colposcopy, a less positive first pelvic examination experience, overall less positive experiences with examiners and performance of the first gynecologic examination at the present visit. CONCLUSION: Easily recognizable behaviors reflecting high anxiety in gynecologic patients were identified. Upon recognizing these behaviors, examiners can take necessary measures to reduce patient anxiety and prevent delays in and avoidance of gynecologic examinations.


Subject(s)
Anxiety , Behavior , Genitalia, Female , Gynecology , Physical Examination/psychology , Adaptation, Psychological , Adolescent , Adult , Age Factors , Aged , Child , Female , Genital Diseases, Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Racial Groups
7.
Plant J ; 51(5): 739-50, 2007 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17573800

ABSTRACT

The regulation of the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis is largely under the control of a genetic programme of the plant host. This programme includes a common symbiosis signalling pathway that is shared with the root nodule symbiosis. Whereas this common pathway has been investigated in detail, little is known about the mycorrhiza-specific regulatory steps upstream and downstream of the common pathway. To get further insight in the regulation of the AM symbiosis, a transposon-mutagenized population of Petunia hybrida was screened for mutants with defects in AM development. Here, we describe a petunia mutant, penetration and arbuscule morphogenesis1 (pam1), which is characterized by a strong decrease in colonization by three different AM fungi. Penetrating hyphae are frequently aborted in epidermal cells. Occasionally the fungus can progress to the cortex, but fails to develop arbuscules. The resulting hyphal colonization of the cortex in mutant plants does not support symbiotic acquisition of phosphate and copper by the plant. Expression analysis of three petunia orthologues of the common SYM genes LjPOLLUX, LjSYMRK and MtDMI3 indicates that pam1 is not mutated in these genes. We conclude that the PAM1 gene may play a specific role in intracellular accommodation and morphogenesis of the fungal endosymbiont.


Subject(s)
Mycorrhizae/growth & development , Petunia/microbiology , Symbiosis/genetics , Gene Expression , Genes, Plant , Mutation , Mycorrhizae/physiology , Petunia/genetics , Petunia/physiology , Phenotype , Phosphates/metabolism , Plant Shoots/metabolism , Symbiosis/physiology
8.
J Reconstr Microsurg ; 13(4): 229-35, 1997 May.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9144134

ABSTRACT

Large bone flaps for free transfer can be successfully and safely harvested based on the deep branch of the superior gluteal artery. The anatomy is consistent, the vessels are large, and the complications of this technique are minimal.


Subject(s)
Bone Transplantation/methods , Ilium/transplantation , Surgical Flaps/methods , Adult , Buttocks/blood supply , Cadaver , Female , Femoral Fractures/surgery , Fractures, Ununited/surgery , Humans , Male , Mandibular Neoplasms/surgery , Middle Aged , Muscle, Skeletal/blood supply , Surgical Flaps/blood supply
9.
J Reconstr Microsurg ; 14(1): 35-8, 1998 Jan.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9524001

ABSTRACT

Three cases of high-voltage electrical burns of the wrist and forearm were reconstructed, using vascularized ipsilateral ulnar nerve transfers to median-nerve defects. Two of these cases utilized composite ulnar neuromyotendinous flap transfers, with the muscle (flexor carpi ulnaris) bridging the gap between the flexor muscle bellies and tendons. Sensory recovery in the hand was excellent in all three cases.


Subject(s)
Burns, Electric/surgery , Forearm Injuries/surgery , Hand Injuries/surgery , Hand/surgery , Plastic Surgery Procedures/methods , Surgical Flaps , Adolescent , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Microsurgery , Surgical Flaps/blood supply
10.
Women Health ; 12(2): 29-46, 1987.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-3424847

ABSTRACT

Women at high risk for breast cancer were compared to low risk women with respect to frequency of breast self-examination (BSE), knowledge and quality of BSE, and attitudinal variables. The women at high risk did not practice BSE more frequently than women at low risk, although they were more knowledgeable about BSE, more focused on breast cancer, and less confident in physician proficiency in conducting a breast exam. The rate of monthly BSE practice was low in both groups. Self-confidence about performing BSE was most strongly associated with BSE frequency in both groups. No other variables predicted BSE frequency in the high risk group. In the low risk group, knowledge of BSE technique and breast cancer focus were additional significant predictors.


Subject(s)
Breast Neoplasms/prevention & control , Breast , Palpation , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Attitude to Health , Breast Neoplasms/genetics , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Risk Factors
11.
Anal Biochem ; 220(1): 200-7, 1994 Jul.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-7978247

ABSTRACT

Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI/MS) has been used to confirm the synthesis of oligodeoxynucleotides containing modified structures and to identify products of unstable oligomer degradation. Negative ion mass spectra of oligomers and dimethoxytrityl-protected oligomers exhibited a distribution of multiply charged molecular ions with few adduct ions present. Molecular masses may be determined from the array of peaks with excellent accuracy and serve to corroborate the synthetic sequence and the inclusion of a modified structure within the sequence. Incorporation of modified deoxynucleotides, stable isotopes, and other novel structures such as a terminal biotin moiety and a phosphorothioate linkage can be rapidly verified by ESI/MS. This technique has also proved useful for the identification of products of unstable oligomers formed during synthesis, deprotection, or purification, including the major products formed under basic conditions from 5'-dimethoxytrityl-protected oligomers containing 8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine.


Subject(s)
Mass Spectrometry/methods , Oligodeoxyribonucleotides/analysis , Base Sequence , Biotin/analysis , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Molecular Sequence Data , Molecular Structure , Oxygen Isotopes , Thionucleotides/chemistry , Trityl Compounds/chemistry
12.
Nucleic Acids Res ; 20(21): 5607-15, 1992 Nov 11.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-1280806

ABSTRACT

Two new nucleosides have been identified in unfractionated transfer RNA of two thermophilic bacteria, Thermodesulfobacterium commune, and Thermotoga maritima, six hyperthermophilic archaea, including Pyrobaculum islandicum, Pyrococcus furiosus and Thermococcus sp. and two mesophilic archaea, Methanococcus vannielii and Methanolobus tindarius. Structures were determined primarily by mass spectrometry, as 3-hydroxy-N-[[(9-beta-D-ribofuranosyl-9H-purin-6- yl)amino]carbonyl]norvaline, (hn6A), structure 1, and 3-hydroxy-N-[[(9-beta-D-ribofuranosyl-9H-2-methylthiopurin-6- yl)amino]carbonyl]norvaline (ms2hn6A), 2. The amino acid side chain was characterized as 3-hydroxynorvaline (3) by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of the trimethylsilyl derivative after cleavage from 1 and 2 by alkaline hydrolysis. Evidence for the amino acid-purine carbamoyl linkage was obtained from the collision-induced dissociation mass spectrum of trimethylsilylated 1, and the total structure was confirmed by chemical synthesis of 1.


Subject(s)
Adenosine/chemistry , Archaea/genetics , Bacteria/genetics , Nucleic Acid Conformation , RNA, Transfer/chemistry , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Gram-Negative Anaerobic Bacteria/genetics , Mass Spectrometry , Molecular Structure , Molecular Weight , Nucleosides/chemistry , RNA, Bacterial/chemistry
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