A Diagnostic Challenge: Changes in Histopathologic Tumor Diagnosis of Atypical Squamous Proliferations After Surgical Removal.

BACKGROUND: Biopsy-proven "atypical squamous proliferations" (ASPs) may prove difficult to diagnose histologically because of partial sampling, lack of complete criteria for definitive diagnosis, or overlap of histopathological features with other neoplasms. There are no guidelines concerning the management of ASPs. OBJECTIVE: To retrospectively clarify the diagnosis of biopsy-proven ASPs after surgical removal, specifically, to ascertain what fraction represent malignant tumors. METHODS: Medical records of patients who underwent surgical removal of biopsy-proven ASPs in an academic dermatologic surgical unit from June 2008 to July 2013 were examined. The resultant histopathologic diagnosis of these lesions after surgical removal, along with other demographic data, was obtained. RESULTS: Of the 71 biopsy-proven ASPs that were treated by surgical removal in the study period, 54.9% exhibited resultant pathologic diagnosis of nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC). CONCLUSION: Biopsy-proven ASPs present a therapeutic challenge. The authors' data illustrate the importance of subsequent tissue sampling, as these lesions often represent NMSCs.

Clinical Characteristics of Lower Extremity Surgical Site Infections in Dermatologic Surgery Based Upon 24-Month Retrospective Review.

Dermatologic surgery performed on the lower extremities has an increased risk for surgical site infections (SSI). Our objective was to evaluate the clinical characteristics associated with SSI following Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) and wide local excisions (WLE) performed below the knee. We performed a single-center retrospective chart review of patients (n=271) that underwent these procedures. Within 14 days of the lower extremity procedure, four of 175 MMS patients (2.3%) developed SSI compared to eight of 96 WLE patients (8.3%; P=0.029). Subcuticular sutures and vertical mattress sutures as a group were associated with reduced 30-day infection rate when compared to other suture methods (P=0.006). Comparison of patients on prophylactic antibiotics to control patients without antibiotics did not reveal a statistically significant difference in infection rate. MMS infection rates trended lower as compared to WLE in the 14-day post-operative window. Doxycycline prophylaxis did not produce a statistically significantly lower rate of SSI, though results approached significance. A prospective study may be warranted to further compare cephalexin and doxycycline for dermatologic surgery below the knee. Subcuticular or vertical mattress sutures may be preferred when closing wounds due to their association with reduced infection rate. J Drugs Dermatol. 2018;17(7):766-771.

Basal Cell Carcinoma of the Dorsal Foot: An Update and Comprehensive Review of the Literature.

BACKGROUND: Ultraviolet radiation is a well-known risk factor for basal cell carcinoma (BCC). Therefore, the high incidence of BCCs in sun-exposed areas such as the head and neck is unsurprising. However, unexpectedly, BCCs on the sun-protected dorsal foot have also been reported, and tumor occurrence here suggests that other factors besides ultraviolet radiation may play a role in BCC pathogenesis. Because only few dorsal foot BCCs have been reported, data on their clinical features and management are limited. OBJECTIVE: To perform an updated review of the literature on clinical characteristics and treatment of dorsal foot BCCs. METHODS: We conducted a comprehensive literature review by searching the PubMed database with the key phrases "basal cell carcinoma dorsal foot," "basal cell carcinoma foot," and "basal cell carcinoma toe." RESULTS: We identified 20 cases of dorsal foot BCCs in the literature, 17 of which had sufficient data for analysis. Only 1 case was treated with Mohs micrographic surgery. We present 8 additional cases of dorsal foot BCCs treated with Mohs micrographic surgery. CONCLUSION: Basal cell carcinomas on the dorsal foot are rare, and potential risk factors include Caucasian descent and personal history of skin cancer. Mohs micrographic surgery seems to be an effective treatment option.

Basal Cell Carcinoma of the Dorsal Hand: An Update and Comprehensive Review of the Literature.

BACKGROUND: Excessive ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure is the primary predisposing factor for basal cell carcinoma (BCC). However, surprisingly, BCCs occur very rarely on the dorsal hand, which is subject to intense sun exposure, and their infrequent presentation in this location suggests that other factors besides UVR may play a role in BCC pathogenesis. Because dorsal hand BCCs are uncommon, knowledge of their characteristics is limited, and more data are needed to describe their clinical presentation and treatment. OBJECTIVE: To perform an updated review of the literature on the management of dorsal hand BCCs. METHODS: The authors conducted a comprehensive literature review by searching the PubMed database with the key phrases "basal cell carcinoma dorsal hand," "basal cell carcinoma hand," and "basal cell carcinoma finger," and "basal cell carcinoma thumb." RESULTS: The authors identified 176 cases of dorsal hand BCCs in the literature, 120 of which had sufficient data for analysis. Only 4 cases were treated with Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS). The authors present 14 additional cases of dorsal hand BCCs treated with MMS. CONCLUSION: Basal cell carcinomas on the dorsal hand occur infrequently, and potential risk factors include being a male of white descent and personal history of skin cancer. Mohs micrographic surgery seems to be an effective treatment method.

Management of Mucosal Basal Cell Carcinoma of the Lip: An Update and Comprehensive Review of the Literature.

BACKGROUND: Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common malignancy in the United States. Most BCCs occur on cutaneous surfaces, but rare cases on the mucosal lip have also been documented. Because only a small number of mucosal BCC (mBCC) cases have been reported, data on their clinical characteristics and management are limited. OBJECTIVE: To perform an updated literature review of the management of mBCCs on the lip. METHODS: A comprehensive literature review was conducted through a search of the PubMed database with the key phrases "mucosal basal cell carcinoma," "basal cell carcinoma mucosa," and "basal cell carcinoma lip mucosa." RESULTS: Forty-eight cases of mBCCs have been reported, and 35 had sufficient data for analysis. The average age at presentation was 66.8 years, and 57% (n = 20) had a history of skin cancer. Most cases were treated with surgical excision or Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS), with only 1 recurrence in the literature. Furthermore, the authors present 8 additional cases of mBCCs successfully treated with MMS. CONCLUSION: Mucosal basal cell carcinomas are rare, and skin cancer history may be a risk factor. Because the lip is a cosmetically and functionally important area, MMS may be the preferred treatment method for mBCCs in this location.

Sclerodermoid lesions in a patient with multiple transplants and porphyria cutanea tarda.

Patients with chronic graft versus host disease may exhibit a range of sclerotic features. Herein we present a patient with confirmed porphyria cutanea tarda who subsequently developed chronic graft versus host disease.

Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer in Patients Older Than Age 85 Years Presenting for Mohs Surgery: A Prospective, Multicenter Cohort Study.

Importance: It has been suggested that Mohs surgery for skin cancer among individuals with limited life expectancy may be associated with needless risk and discomfort, along with increased health care costs. Objective: To investigate patient- and tumor-specific indications considered by clinicians for treatment of nonmelanoma skin cancer in older individuals. Design, Setting, and Participants: This multicenter, prospective cohort study was conducted using data from US private practice and academic centers. Included patients were those older than age 85 years presenting for skin cancer surgery and referred for Mohs surgery, with reference groups of those younger than age 85 years receiving Mohs surgery and those older than age 85 years not receiving Mohs surgery. Data were analyzed from November 2018 through January 2019. Exposures: Mohs surgery for nonmelanoma skin cancer. Main Outcomes and Measures: Reason for treatment selection. Results: Among 1181 patients older than age 85 years referred for Mohs surgery (724 [61.9%] men among 1169 patients with sex data; 681 individuals aged >85 to 88 years [57.9%] among 1176 patients with age data) treated at 22 sites, 1078 patients (91.3%) were treated by Mohs surgery, and 103 patients (8.7%) received alternate treatment. Patients receiving Mohs surgery were more likely to have tumors on the face (738 patients [68.5%] vs 26 patients [25.2%]; P < .001) and nearly 4-fold more likely to have high functional status (614 patients [57.0%] vs 16 patients [15.5%]; P < .001). Of 15 distinct reasons provided by surgeons for opting to proceed with Mohs surgery, the most common were patient desire for treatment with a high cure rate (712 patients [66.0%]), good or excellent patient functional status for age (614 patients [57.0%]), and high risk associated with the tumor based on histology (433 patients [40.2%]). Conclusions and Relevance: This study found that older patients who received Mohs surgery often had high functional status, high-risk tumors, and tumors located on the face. These findings suggest that timely surgical treatment may be appropriate in older patients given that their tumors may be aggressive, painful, disfiguring, and anxiety provoking.

A Rare Presentation of Basal Cell Carcinoma Arising within Trichoepithelioma: A Diagnostic Challenge.

Differentiating between trichoepithelioma and basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is sometimes diagnostically challenging. We present a case of a 61-year-old male with a BCC arising within a trichoepithelioma, which is rarely reported in the literature. Clinical and histological diagnosis of trichoepithelioma is sometimes complicated by its many similarities to BCC. Therefore, immunohistochemical analysis and adequate tissue sampling are essential in suspicious lesions. In addition, as represented by our patient's presentation, it is important for clinicians to remember that the presence of a concurrent malignant neoplasm may be masked by the benign nature of a trichoepithelioma and that a superficial shave biopsy may not be sufficient for accurately diagnosing such suspicious lesions.

Filler placement and the fat compartments.

Understanding the anatomy and distribution of facial fat and the alterations that occur during the aging process is essential to effectively and precisely achieve facial rejuvenation. Over the past several years, through cadaveric dissections and computed tomographic studies, much has been discovered concerning the adipose tissue of the face and how it influences the dynamic process of aging. Site-specific augmentation with fillers can now be used to refine facial shape and topography in a more predictable and precise fashion. The purpose of this article is to provide an introduction to facial fat compartmentalization along with clinical examples to illustrate how the knowledge of underlying anatomy influences site-specific augmentation.