Perception and Knowledge of Oral and Facial Piercings among Dental Students: Web-based Survey.

AIM: The aim of this web-based questionnaire was to survey dental students to obtain their perception and knowledge of oral and facial piercings. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The participants comprised 240 students enrolled in the dental school who were asked to complete 20 close-ended, yes/no, yes/no/do not know, and multiple responses questions. The questionnaire covers general information concerning oral/facial piercing, triggers why youths and early adults get it, probable complications, their appreciation of the possibility of related health conditions, and their knowledge and perception. The survey was distributed to the students by email. The results were tabulated and statistically analyzed. RESULTS: Dental first year (D1) and dental second year (D2) were substantially more likely to indicate that orofacial piercings as unacceptable and are less expected to have an orofacial piercing compared to D3 and D4 (p < 0.01). About 16.8% of the students reported previous orofacial piercings. There was a definite correlation between previous orofacial piercings and thinking that is appropriate in society (p < 0.05). Males were significantly more likely to have an orofacial piercing (p < 0.01). The Internet was reported as the most common source of information. The most popular cause for piercings is to be unique and different. CONCLUSIONS: Orofacial piercings are relatively frequently used by students in dental school and few students intend on getting one in the future. Knowledge of the hazards of orofacial piercing correlated with the requirement for parental approval. The majority of students think piercings are appropriate in society and know their complications and risks. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Orofacial piercing has been gaining popularity but its risks/complications may not be known by practitioners. There is a need for research to assist dental/medical practitioners in advising, educating, and safeguarding patients by evaluating of the perception and knowledge of students about orofacial piercings.

Clinical Efficacy of Single Use of Three Different Mouthrinses on the Level of Streptococcus mutans in Saliva.

AIM AND OBJECTIVE: The aim of this cross-sectional population-based clinical study was to assess the effect of single use of three different mouthrinses on the level of salivary Streptococcus mutans of 8 to 10-year-old Saudi children. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Convenient samples of 52 Saudi children aged 8-10 years were randomly allocated into four groups of 13 each. Saliva samples were collected to assess the level of S. mutans at baseline before rinsing with the assigned mouthrinse or control. Three mouthrinses, Avalon Avohex, Listerine Miswak, and Optima Aloe Dent Mouthrinse, were randomly distributed to the children. Each participant was instructed to rinse for 2 minutes using 10 mL of the assigned mouthrinse. Saliva samples were collected after rinsing and colony forming unit (CFU) of S. mutans per mL of saliva was calculated. Statistical analysis was performed to compare S. mutans count at baselines and postintervention values of each experimental group and control using paired t-test and one-way ANOVA. All statistical analyses were set at a significance level of p < 0.05. RESULTS: All test groups showed a reduction in salivary S. mutans compared to that at baseline. Statistically significant reduction (p > 0.05) in bacterial count was seen in Avalon Avohex group. CONCLUSION: A single-time rinse of chlorhexidine extract mouthrinse for 2 minutes effectively reduced the number of S. mutans of 8 to 10-year-old Saudi children. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Rinsing with chlorhexidine extract mouthrinse should be considered as a potential method in prevention of dental caries in children.

Effect of Probiotic Mouthrinses on Surface Microhardness of Esthetic Restorative Materials.

AIM: To assess the influence of three probiotic mouthrinses on the microhardness of three esthetic materials used for teeth restorations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty specimens of each material: conventional glass ionomer cement (GIC), resin-modified glass ionomer, and resin composite were randomly assigned to three groups. Surface microhardness was measured at baseline. The specimens were immersed in probiotic mouthrinses, group I: (P2 probiotic power), group II: (Probioclean), and group III (BoKU natural). Microhardness was measured after 21 and 63 minutes of immersion which is comparable with 3 and 9 weeks of mouthrinse use every day, respectively. Measurements of microhardness were completed using Micro Vickers testing machine with a 200 g load applied for a duration of 15 seconds. RESULTS: The microhardness change of the three restorative materials reveled statistically significant differences in all mouthrinse groups (p = 0.001). BoKU natural mouthrinse decreased microhardness significantly in all restorative materials (p < 0.05). However, Probioclean mouthrinse was associated with an increase in microhardness in all restorative materials. The effect of P2 probiotic power mouthrinse varied depending on time cycles and the restorative material. The mean difference in mouthrinse groups of resin composite was highest in BoKU natural at immersion time of 63 minutes. While no mean difference was seen in P2 probiotic power group at immersion time of 21 minutes which had no effect on the microhardness of resin composite. CONCLUSION: Surface microhardness was affected by immersion in probiotic mouthrinses. The BoKU natural mouthrinse had the highest reduction, while resin composite showed the least change in surface microhardness. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: There is lack of studies that investigated the effect of probiotics mouthrinses on the surface properties of restorative materials. This study showed evidence that some of the tested probiotic mouthrinses in this study decreased the microhardness of the tested tooth-colored restorative materials after immersion for 21 and 63 minutes which is equivalent to 3 and 9 weeks of everyday use.

A Comparative Evaluation of the Antimicrobial Effects of Different Mouthrinses against Oral Pathogens: An In Vitro Study1.

AIM: To assess the antimicrobial effects of natural and semi-natural mouthrinses on isolates of Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus fermentum, and Lactobacillus casei obtained from the saliva samples and their reference strains. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Natural and semi-natural mouthrinses included in this study were herbal mix mouthrinse, cranberry mouthrinse, chlorhexidine digluconate mouthrinse, cranberry extract mixed with chlorhexidine digluconate mouthrinse, chlorhexidine digluconate mouthrinse with alcohol (positive control), and distilled water (negative control). The microbiological examination tests were minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), and zone of inhibition test for the saliva isolates of S. mutans, L. fermentum, and L. casei while zone of inhibition test only for their reference strains. RESULT: Compared with distilled water, herbal mix, cranberry, cranberry mixed with chlorhexidine, chlorhexidine with alcohol (+), and chlorhexidine mouthrinses were associated with a significant increase of the zone of inhibition 34.354, 34.255, 34.219, 10.801, and 9.386, respectively. Both MIC and MBC were significantly higher in the cranberry mixed with chlorhexidine than in chlorhexidine with alcohol. The MIC and MBC of mouthrinses were significantly lower in the S. mutans and L. fermentum than in L. casei. CONCLUSION: Herbal mix and cranberry mouthrinses could be effective natural alternative to chlorhexidine mouthrinse with or without alcohol in improving oral health. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Different mouthrinses proposed in this study showed antimicrobial effects against the tested oral pathogens, and possibly the tested mouthrinses will lead for future formulation of natural or semi-natural pharmaceutical mouthrinses.

Effect of Whitening Toothpastes and Brushing on Microhardness of Esthetic Restorative Materials.

OBJECTIVE: Whitening toothpastes are widely used. Hence, it is important to understand their effect on the surface properties of restorative materials. To evaluate the effect of three over-the-counter whitening toothpastes and toothbrushing simulation on microhardness of three restorative materials. STUDY DESIGN: Forty cylindrical (10×2mm) specimens were prepared from each restorative material and randomly assigned into four groups/10 each according to the whitening toothpastes used and distilled water (control). All specimens were measured for microhardness (Baseline-T1). The specimens were brushed with a soft brush using an in vitro tooth-brushing simulator with the assigned whitening toothpaste using the same setting for brushing cycles/load for all groups. Specimens were then measured for microhardness (T2) similar to baseline. RESULTS: The highest (mean±SD) microhardness after application of the whitening toothpastes and brushing was recorded for Intense White and Filtek Z250 XT (127.6±1.8), followed by Optic White and Fuji ll LC (73.9±0.9) and Optic White and Photac Fill (72.7±1.3). There was statistically significant difference for microhardness between pre- and post-application of the whitening toothpastes and brushing for all tested restorative materials (P=0.0001). The microhardness of Filtek Z250XT with 3D White post-application of the whitening toothpastes and brushing was lowest compared to other toothpastes and control (P=0.0001). CONCLUSION: Microhardness increased after application of the whitening toothpastes and toothbrushing simulation for all combination of tested restorative materials and whitening toothpastes. The microhardness of FIiltek Z250XT with 3D White post-application of the whitening toothpastes and brushing was lowest compared to other toothpastes and control.

Shear Bond Strength of a Resin Composite to Six Pulp Capping Materials Used in Primary Teeth.

AIM: The purpose of this in vitro study was to assess the shear bond strength (SBS) and bond failure types of a resin-composite to six pulp-capping materials used in primary teeth. STUDY DESIGN: Eight-disc specimens from each pulp-capping material (6 groups) to bond to Filtek™ Z350 XT Flowable using a standard PVC tube (2×2mm). All groups were prepared according to the instruction of the manufacturer. The SBS was measured with a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min using a universal testing machine. Failure mode evaluation was completed using Digital Microscope by two independent examiners. RESULTS: Urbical LC® showed the highest SBS (Mean±SD) followed by ProRoot® MTA and TheraCal LC® (35.422±2.910, 22.114±2.515, and 21.175±1.983) respectively. ANOVA showed significant differences between all groups (P=0.0001). Urbical LC® and Photac™ Fil QuickAplicap™ were statistically significant different from all other pulp-capping materials groups. ProRoot® MTA was statistically significant different than Biodentine® (P=0.0001) and Photac™ Fil (P=0.0001). The total number of bond failure was recorded for cohesive B failure/cohesive in the pulp-capping material (14) and adhesive failure (14). CONCLUSION: Most of the tested pulp-capping materials bonded to Filtek™ Z350 XT demonstrated clinically acceptable and high SBS. Urbical LC showed the highest SBS while Biodentine® showed the lowest SBS.

Comparative Evaluation of the Antimicrobial Effects of Different Mouthrinses against Streptococcus Mutans: An in Vitro Study.

Purpose: To assess the antimicrobial effects of different natural and semi-natural mouthrinses on isolates of S. mutans obtained from the saliva of Saudi children and reference strains of S mutans (ATCC 25175). Study design: Saliva samples were collected from 20 children. Natural and semi-natural mouthrinses included were herbal mix mouthrinse, cranberry mouthrinse, chlorhexidine digluconate mouthrinse, cranberry extract mixed with chlorhexidine digluconate mouthrinse, chlorhexidine digluconate mouthrinse with alcohol (positive control), and distilled water (negative control). The microbiological examination tests were minimal inhibitory concentration, minimal bactericidal concentration, and zone of inhibition for the saliva isolates of S. mutans while zone of inhibition test only for reference strain of S. mutans. Results: For reference strain in a comparison with the distilled water, the herbal mix, cranberry, cranberry mixed with chlorhexidine, chlorhexidine, and chlorhexidine with alcohol showed significantly increased zones of inhibition by 36.38, 36.25, 26.13, 17.75, and 12.38, respectively. For saliva isolates in a comparison with the distilled water, the herbal mix, cranberry, cranberry mixed with chlorhexidine, chlorhexidine, and chlorhexidine with alcohol showed significantly increased zones of inhibition by 38.00, 34.25, 22.94, 16.50, and 16.44, respectively. Chlorhexidine with alcohol showed significantly lower minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentration than the other groups. Conclusions: Herbal mix and cranberry mouthrinses could be effective natural alternative to chlorhexidine mouthrinse with or without alcohol in affecting tested parameters.

Effect of Remineralizing Agents on Bond Strength of Resin-Composites to Primary Enamel.

Aim: The purpose of this in vitro investigation was to assess the effect of three remineralizing agents (Voco Remin Pro®, Uncle Harry's remineralization kit, Sunshine remineralization gel) on the shear bond strengths of two resin-composites (Tetric® N-Ceram and Filtek™ Z250 Universal Restorative) to enamel of primary molars. Study design: Ninety-six enamel specimens were prepared and randomly distributed to eight groups according to the control, remineralizing agents, and resin composite used. Shear bond strength was measured at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min and the type of bond failure was recorded. Results: The highest shear bond strength (Mean+SD) in MPa was for Tetric® N-Ceram/control [21.06+1.68] while the lowest was for Filtek™ Z250/Sunshine remineralization gel [11.98+1.46]. Tukey HSD Post Hoc Tests showed significant difference between Tetric® N-Ceram/control and all other groups (p=0.0001) except Filtek™ Z250/control. In addition, there was significant difference between Filtek™ Z250/control and all other groups (p=0.0001) except Tetric® N-Ceram/control and Tetric® N-Ceram/Uncle Harry's remineralization kit. Mode of failure was cohesive (9.38%), adhesive (55.21%), and mixed (35.42%). Conclusions: The three tested remineralizing agents affect shear bond strength of the tested resin-composites to enamel of primary teeth. In general, shear bond strength values were acceptable. Mode of failure was mostly adhesive.

Analysis of Risk Factors of Pancreatic Injury during Elective Laparoscopic Splenectomy in Children.

INTRODUCTION: Laparoscopic splenectomy (LS) became the standard choice for splenectomy in children with benign hematological disease. There are few reports about pancreatic injury during LS. The purpose of this study is to spot on factors increasing the risk of pancreatic injury during LS in children. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 140 children had LS for benign causes. Children were categorized into A and B groups. LigaSure™ was used to control pedicle in Group A, while endoscopic staplers were used in Group B. Preoperative levels of amylase, lipase, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were obtained. The mean of pancreatic enzymes and LDH values was calculated on the 3 postoperative successive days. RESULTS: A total of 71 boys and 69 girls had LS. The mean splenic size was 13.50 cm in Group A and 12.51 cm in Group B. The mean operative time in Group A was 41.91 min and in Group B was 56.36 min. The mean level of amylase was 42.99 IU/ml in Group A and 75.70 IU/ml in Group B (P = 0.001). The mean level of lipase was 37 IU/ml in Group A and 76.66 IU/ml in Group B (P = 0.001). CONCLUSION: Pancreatic injury during LS is a rare complication usually presented on biochemical level. We believe that it is a hemostatic-dependent complication rather than splenic size or nature of disease.

Dental students' knowledge of oral health for persons with special needs: a pilot study.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this pilot study was to assess the knowledge and awareness of dental students with respect to oral health care of the person with special health care needs (SHCN) and evaluate effectiveness of an education program on improving their knowledge. METHOD: An evaluation consisting of a questionnaire was answered before and immediately after a 30-minute educational presentation in the form of a DVD that includes a PowerPoint and a video of oral health care for individuals with SHCN. The questionnaire was based on the materials and information presented in the DVD and included 26 questions (true/false/I do not know). RESULTS: The mean (± SD) score on the pretest was 10.85 (± 5.20), which increased to 16.85 (± 5.47) on the posttest. This difference was statistically significant (P < 0.001). Forty percent of the students surveyed reported that they were very satisfied with the educational part of the presentation, while 50% were somewhat satisfied. Thirty percent of students expressed that the educational intervention used is very effective. CONCLUSIONS: Viewing the educational intervention was effective in informing the sophomore students and providing them with instructive basic information on person with SHCN. Dental colleges should increase students' knowledge, training, and exposure to individuals with SHCN.

Effects of the preparation technique and type of material on the penetrability of sealants.

The purpose of this in vitro study was to compare the penetration of 2 resin-based and 2 glass ionomer sealants into fissures after either conventional or mechanical preparation. All the materials placed in the conventionally prepared and mechanically prepared fissures penetrated the fissures beyond the standard (0.5-mm) reference line used in this study. For 1 glass ionomer sealant, the number of specimens showing complete penetration of sealant was significantly greater (P < 0.05) in mechanically prepared fissures than in conventionally prepared ones. No significant differences were found between mechanically and conventionally prepared fissures for the other sealants.

Evaluation of different irrigating solutions on smear layer removal of primary root dentin.

AIM: To evaluate the efficacy of ethanolic extract of Salvadora persica (S. persica) and BioPure MTAD (a mixture of a tetracycline isomer, an acid, and a detergent) in removing the intracanal smear layer of primary teeth. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The root canal of 40 extracted human primary anterior teeth were cleaned, shaped and grouped into experimental (n = 30) and control (n = 10). The root canals of the positive (n = 5) and the negative control (n = 5) were irrigated for 3 minutes with 5 ml of 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) or saline respectively. The canals in the experimental groups were irrigated for 3 minutes with 5 ml of 1 mg/ml ethanolic extract of S. persica (n = 15) or BioPure MTAD (n = 15) and then flushed with 2 ml of saline. The presence or absence of smear layer at the coronal and middle portion of each canal were examined under a scanning electron microscope (SEM). RESULTS: A significant difference (p = 0.004) in smear layer removal between S. persica and MTAD at the middle third of the canal was observed. MTAD solution was as effective as 17% EDTA in removing the smear layer. CONCLUSION: MTAD was significantly more effective in smear layer removal than S. persica solution at the middle third of the canal wall. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Both tested irrigant solutions have the ability to remove the intracanal smear from primary root dentin following cleaning and shaping of the root canal and could be an alternative to EDTA.

Orofacial findings associated with obstructive sleep apnea in a group of Saudi Children.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate orofacial and occlusion findings associated with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in a group of Saudi children. METHODS: The sample consisted of 30 OSA patients, and 30 age and gender matched, healthy control. The following facial and occlusal features were evaluated: frontal view, facial profile, mandibular angle, tongue size, dental midline to facial midline, upper to lower dental midline, overjet, overbite, anterior open bite, cross bite, scissors bite, palatal vault, maxillary and mandibular arch crowding and spacing, molar and canine relationship. RESULTS: Participants age ranged from 3 to 8 years. Study group had steeper mandibular angle, deeper palatal vault, and less spaced upper and lower arches. There was no statistically significant difference between the two examined groups regarding facial morphology, facial profile, midline, anterior openbite, tongue size, posterior crossbite, overjet or molar relationship. CONCLUSION: OSA children have a relatively different orofacial morphology compared with control children. OSA subjects had deeper palatal vault, steeper mandibular plane angle and less spaced upper and lower arches compared to control.

A new implicit high-order iterative scheme for the numerical simulation of the two-dimensional time fractional Cable equation.

In this article, we developed a new higher-order implicit finite difference iterative scheme (FDIS) for the solution of the two dimension (2-D) time fractional Cable equation (FCE). In the new proposed FDIS, the time fractional and space derivatives are discretized using the Caputo fractional derivative and fourth-order implicit scheme, respectively. Moreover, the proposed scheme theoretical analysis (convergence and stability) is also discussed using the Fourier analysis method. Finally, some numerical test problems are presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Numerical Solution of Two-Dimensional Time Fractional Mobile/Immobile Equation Using Explicit Group Methods.

In this paper, we shall present the development of two explicit group schemes, namely, fractional explicit group (FEG) and modified fractional explicit group (MFEG) methods for solving the time fractional mobile/immobile equation in two space dimensions. The presented methods are formulated based on two Crank-Nicolson (C-N) finite difference schemes established at two different grid spacings. The stability and convergence of order O ( τ 2 - α + h 2 ) are rigorously proven using Fourier analysis. Several numerical experiments are conducted to verify the efficiency of the proposed methods. Meanwhile, numerical results show that the FEG and MFEG algorithms are able to reduce the computational times and iterations effectively while preserving good accuracy in comparison to the C-N finite difference method.

Surface Treatments on Repair Bond Strength of Aged Resin Composites.

Aims: The aim was to evaluate the effect of different surface treatments on the repair shear bond strength of aged resin composites. Materials and Methods: Forty cylindrical-shaped specimens were treated from each material: Tetric Evo Ceram, Neo Spectra, and Filtek Ultimate Universal Restorative and allocated into four groups according to the surface treatment planned to use: Group 1: diamond, Group 2: silica coating, Group 3: carbide burs, and Group 4: control group. Following the surface treatment, composites were repaired with flowable resins. The shear bond strength was tested using a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. The fracture mode was assessed under 50× magnification. The data were analyzed statistically using a two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test followed by a one-way ANOVA test. Multiple comparison procedures were performed using Tukey's test. The level of significance was set at P < 0.05. Results: The lowest mean value of the shear bond strength was for the Filtek Ultimate Universal Restorative in the control group, whereas the highest mean value was in the silica group. Silica and carbide groups had significantly higher mean values of the shear bond strength than diamond and control groups in Tetric EvoCeram and Filtek Ultimate Universal Restorative. In contrast, in Neo Spectra St HV, the carbide group had a higher mean value but was not statistically significant. Conclusion: Combinations of mechanical and chemical retentive systems enhance the shear bond strength of the repair composite to the aged composite. Among the different surface treatments employed in this study, silica and carbide groups show higher repair bond strength of new composite to aged composite.

Oral care for special needs patients: a survey of Nebraska general dentists.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this survey was to assess the attitudes, behavior, and demographics of general dentists in Nebraska regarding their providing oral health care to patients with special health care needs (PSHCN). METHODS: A 14-item questionnaire and accompanying cover letter were sent to 800 licensed general dentists in Nebraska. The survey asked for the dentists' demographic information and questions about their PSCHN. Responses to the questionnaire were tabulated, and percent frequency distributions for responses to each item were computed. RESULTS: Of the 800 surveys sent, 371 (approximately 46%) were returned. Solo practitioners were more likely to report seeing PSCHN (P<.001). Most respondents see all ages, but approximately 10% see only PSCHN over 18-years-old. The most common reasons given to improve the practitioners' ability to care for PSCHN were improved reimbursement (approximately 35%) and more continuing education (approximately 36%). CONCLUSIONS: These data indicate that most general dentists surveyed in Nebraska see special needs patients of all ages. The most common reasons for not seeing more special needs patients were the level of the patient's disease, the patient's behavior, and insufficient training/experience.

Evaluation of the effects of the VibraJect attachment on pain in children receiving local anesthesia.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of VibraJect, a vibrating attachment for a traditional syringe, in reducing pain related disruptive behavior and self-reported pain in children receiving local anesthesia. METHODS: The procedure involved a randomized, controlled, single-blinded study of 90 children receiving local anesthesia for routine restorative procedures. Participants were randomly assigned to either a control (injection as usual) or experimental (injection using the VibraJect) group. Participants were recruited from a large, urban pediatric dental clinic within a university medical center. RESULTS: Using 2-way analysis of variance and 2-tailed, between-subject t tests, there were no significant differences between injection with and without the VibraJect on any measures of pain, including self-reported intensity, independent direct observations of pain related disruptive behavior, and subjective dentist ratings. CONCLUSIONS: VibraJect did not provide any benefits over a conventional approach to anesthesia injection for children in this study.

Incidental Radiographic Detection of a Foreign Body in the Nose of a Child.

Foreign bodies in the nasal cavity are common in children, possibly due to their curiosity to explore body openings. The purpose of this report was to describe a case of an undetected nasal foreign body in a 10-year-old girl who presented to a pediatric dentistry clinic for a routine dental examination. A foreign body in the nasal cavity was discovered during a panoramic radiographic examination. A prompt referral to the otorhinolaryngologist was critical to confirm the diagnosis and successfully remove the foreign body. This case report demonstrates that dentists can play a significant role in the diagnosis of foreign objects in children.

Comparison of Fracture Resistance of Primary Incisors Restored with Different Intracanal-Reinforcement Materials.

AIM: To evaluate the effects of placing short posts made of different restorative materials on the fracture resistance of root canals in primary incisors of primary teeth. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The root canals of 40 extracted primary incisors were prepared and filled with Vitapex and randomly divided into five groups of 8 each. In Groups 1-4, a post space was created and filled with different restorative materials (Tetric® N-Ceram Bulk Fill, AeliteFlo, Filtek Z250 XT, and GC Fuji II LC® capsule), while Group 5 was kept filled with Vitapex as a control. Fracture resistance was measured using a universal testing machine at a 0.5-mm/min crosshead speed. The results were statistically analyzed and compared. RESULTS: The highest fracture resistance was recorded for GC Fuji II LC capsules [439.82 N] and control [423.37 N], while the lowest fracture resistance was recorded for Tetric® N Ceram Bulk Fill (239.91 N). A multiple comparison test showed that the Tetric® N-Ceram Bulk Fill had a significantly lower average value than AeliteFlo (P = 0.030), as well as a significantly lower average value than GC Fuji II LC® capsule (P = 0.001), and a significantly lower average value than the control group (P = 0.002). Multiple comparison tests showed no significant difference between Tetric® N-Ceram Bulk Fill and Filtek Z250 XT (P = 0.39). CONCLUSION: The fracture resistance of primary incisor root canals differs according to the material used for the intracanal posts. Three-millimeter intracanal posts in the primary incisors showed the highest fracture resistance for the teeth restored with GC Fuji II LC capsules and the control.