Medication Administration Errors: Perceptions of Jordanian Nurses.

BACKGROUND: Medication administration errors (MAEs) have short- and long-term implications on patients' health as well as on hospitals' accreditation and financial status. PURPOSE: The purpose was to explore Jordanian nurses' perceptions about MAEs. METHODS: A cross-sectional design was used with a convenience sample of 470 nurses. RESULTS: The most common types of MAEs were wrong time (32.6%) and wrong patient (30.5%). In addition, night shifts accounted for 42.9% of MAEs; the factor that contributed the most to MAEs was workload. CONCLUSION: Developing effective quality assurance programs in relation to medications and medication administration in all Jordanian health care settings is vital to ensure patient safety. Nursing educators in clinical and academic settings need to reinforce the importance of medication rights as well as medication calculation. A distraction-free zone should be created and reinforced in all medication rooms.

Health Related Quality of Life Among Patients With Multiple Sclerosis: The Role of Psychosocial Adjustment to Illness.

BACKGROUND: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is associated with poor quality of life (QOL). Individuals suffering from MS must make multiple adjustments as their condition changes. To date, little is known about the role of psychosocial adjustment in improving QOL of patients with MS. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to identify the relationship between psychosocial adjustment and HRQOL controlling for demographic variables among patients with MS. METHODS: This study used a descriptive-correlational design. A sample of 160 patients from two hospitals participated in the study. Self-reported data were collected using the demographic survey, Multiple Sclerosis Quality of Life (MSQoL-54) tool and Psychosocial Adjustment to Illness Scale-Self Report (PAIS-SR). RESULTS: Participants reported poor QOL and difficulty with psychosocial adjustment. The QOL and psychosocial adjustment were correlated with various demographic variables. After controlling for demographic variables, psychosocial adjustment explained a large variance in the mental health composite of QOL (r square change = 44%) and the physical health composite of QOL = (r square change = 38%). CONCLUSION: Psychosocial care could play a vital role in improving quality of life among MS patients.

The Association Between Depressive Symptoms and N-Terminal Pro-B-Type Natriuretic Peptide With Functional Status in Patients With Heart Failure.

BACKGROUND: N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and depressive symptoms are each associated with functional status in patients with heart failure (HF), but their association together with functional status has not been examined. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine whether functional status scores differ as a function of depressive symptoms and NT-proBNP levels considered together. METHODS: We studied 284 patients with HF who were divided into 4 groups based on the median split of NT-proBNP levels and cut point for depressive symptoms (Beck Depression Inventory ≥ 14): (1) low NT-proBNP of 562.5 pg/mL or less without depressive symptoms, (2) low NT-proBNP of 562.5 pg/mL or less with depressive symptoms, (3) high NT-proBNP of greater than 562.5 pg/mL without depressive symptoms, and (4) high NT-proBNP of greater than 562.5 pg/mL with depressive symptoms. The Duke Activity Status Index was used to assess functional status. RESULTS: Nonlinear regression demonstrated that patients without depressive symptoms were more than twice as likely to have higher (better) functional status scores than patients with depressive symptoms regardless of NT-proBNP levels after controlling for age, gender, prescribed antidepressants, and body mass index. Functional status levels of patients with low NT-proBNP did not differ from those with high NT-proBNP in the presence of depressive symptoms. CONCLUSION: When examined together, depressive symptoms rather than NT-proBNP levels predicted functional status. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Adequate treatment of depressive symptoms may lead to better functional status regardless of HF severity.

Predictors of uncertainty among postdischarge coronary artery bypass graft patients in Jordan.

Uncertainty impacts negatively on adaptation and disease outcomes. During recovery, coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) patients experience uncertainty, symptom distress, and learning needs. This study aimed to examine predictors associated with uncertainty among CABG patients. This cross-sectional correlational study recruited CABG patients conveniently from out-patient clinics 1 month after discharge. Participants completed a self-administered questionnaire which included: demographic questionnaire, Mishel's Uncertainty of Illness Scale, Cardiac Symptoms Survey, and Cardiac Patients Learning Needs. A total of 161 participants completed the study questionnaires. Participants showed a moderate level of uncertainty, less cardiac symptom distress, and high learning needs. Uncertainty was significantly correlated with learning needs while less correlated with symptom distress. Hierarchal multiple regression revealed that gender, employment status, education level, and learning needs are factors associated with uncertainty among CABG patients. It was concluded that symptom distress does not necessarily induce uncertainty. Intensive care professionals should undertake individual's characteristics to anticipate uncertainty.

Perceptions related to cardiovascular disease and physical activity behavior in Arab men: A qualitative study.

OBJECTIVES: To describe the daily physical activity of Arab men living in the United States and to understand how perceptions of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk influence their inclusion of physical activity into their daily routine. METHODS: A qualitative descriptive method using a semi-structured face-to-face interview with each participant was conducted. Twenty young college males (age 26 ± 4 years) were recruited from Arab American community centers. RESULTS: The qualitative inductive content analysis revealed three main themes: impact of perceived CVD risk on physical activity behavior and perceived barriers and motivators to be physically active. Arab men primarily perceived gaining weight as the most important CVD risk factor that could promote their physical activity behavior. CONCLUSIONS: These findings demonstrate that unawareness about CVD risk and barriers to regular physical activity must be considered in any intervention to engage Arab men in regular physical activity.

Stress, cognitive appraisal, coping, and event free survival in patients with heart failure.

OBJECTIVES: To describe self-reported stress level, cognitive appraisal and coping among patients with heart failure (HF), and to examine the association of cognitive appraisal and coping strategies with event-free survival. METHODS: This was a prospective, longitudinal, descriptive study of patients with chronic HF. Assessment of stress, cognitive appraisal, and coping was performed using Perceived Stress Scale, Cognitive Appraisal Health Scale, and Brief COPE scale, respectively. The event-free survival was defined as cardiac rehospitalization and all-cause death. RESULTS: A total of 88 HF patients (mean age 58 ± 13 years and 53.4% male) participated. Linear and cox regression showed that harm/loss cognitive appraisal was associated with avoidant emotional coping (ß = -0.28; 95% CI: -0.21 - 0.02; p = 0.02) and event free survival (HR = 0.53; 95% CI: 0.28 - 1.02; p = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The cognitive appraisal of the stressors related to HF may lead to negative coping strategies that are associated with worse event-free survival.

Attitude Towards Anti-smoking Measures and Its Associated Factors Among Adults in Sub-urban Area, in Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia

@#Introduction: General population across different countries have shown an overall support for anti-smoking measures that vary significantly by certain population parameters. However, characteristics of the public attitude in a community who has been exposed to prolonged awareness campaigns and smoke-free area legislation is unclear. Consequently, we investigate residents who reside next to Batu Buruk beach in Kuala Terengganu city which has been gazetted as a smoke-free area since 2017. Methods: The cross-sectional study involves self-administered validated questionnaires. Multiple linear regression with forward method was applied to identify significant factors associated with the attitude towards anti-smoking measures. Results: A total of 295 residents participated. Most of them were Malays (96.6%), married (64.4%), attained up to the secondary school level (45.4%) and employed (59.7%). The mean value of the total attitude scores was 181.86 (range: 70-200). Multivariate analyses revealed those having higher monthly income had a higher total attitude scores (adjusted b: 6.91, 95% CI: 2.15, 11.66), while current daily smokers had a lower total attitude scores towards anti-smoking measures than non-smokers (adjusted b: -23.30, 95% CI: -29.55, -17.05). These findings highlight comparatively stronger and more consistent support for anti-smoking measures that may vindicate high-stake investment and legislation against smoking. Conclusion: The novel evidence may also better-inform the strategy to expand the initiatives further through profiling the target population with heightened emphasis on the economic standing and prevalence of current daily smokers. Future research may adopt experimental design to establish causality relationship between predictors and outcomes revealed in this community.