ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Severity of human metapneumovirus (hMPV) lower respiratory illness (LRTI) is considered similar to that observed for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). However, differences in severity between these pathogens have been noted, suggesting the degree of illness may vary in different populations. Moreover, a potential association between hMPV and asthma also suggests that hMPV may preferentially affect asthmatic subjects. METHODS: In a population-based surveillance study in children aged <2 years admitted for severe LRTI in Argentina, nasopharyngeal aspirates were tested by RT-PCR for hMPV, RSV, influenza A, and human rhinovirus. RESULTS: Of 3947 children, 383 (10%) were infected with hMPV. The hospitalization rate for hMPV LRTI was 2.26 per 1000 children (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.04-2.49). Thirty-nine (10.2%) patients infected with hMPV experienced life-threatening disease (LTD; 0.23 per 1000 children; 95% CI, .16-.31/1000), and 2 died (mortality rate 0.024 per 1000; 95% CI, .003-.086). In hMPV-infected children birth to an asthmatic mother was an increased risk for LTD (odds ratio, 4.72; 95% CI, 1.39-16.01). We observed a specific interaction between maternal asthma and hMPV infection affecting risk for LTD. CONCLUSIONS: Maternal asthma increases the risk for LTD in children <2 years old hospitalized for severe hMPV LRTI.
Subject(s)
Asthma , Paramyxoviridae Infections , Respiratory Tract Infections , Argentina/epidemiology , Asthma/epidemiology , Child, Preschool , Disease Susceptibility , Humans , Infant , Lung , Metapneumovirus , Paramyxoviridae Infections/complications , Paramyxoviridae Infections/epidemiology , Respiratory Tract Infections/complications , Respiratory Tract Infections/epidemiologyABSTRACT
La vasculitis por inmunoglobulina A, anteriormente llamada púrpura Schönlein Henoch (VIgA/PSH), es la vasculitis sistémica más frecuente en la infancia. El desencadenante más común es una infección previa del tracto respiratorio superior. Se caracteriza por púrpura palpable no trombocitopénica con artralgias y/o artritis, afectación gastrointestinal y compromiso renal. SARS-CoV-2 es un virus ARN que causa la enfermedad COVID-19. Afecta frecuentemente el sistema respiratorio con presentaciones que varían desde una rinitis hasta condiciones severas como síndrome de distress respiratorio, shock séptico o síndrome de inflamación multisistémica (multi-system inflammation syndrome, MIS). Se describe el caso de un niño de 5 años de edad con clínica de VIgA/PSH como forma inicial de presentación y diagnóstico posterior de infección por SARS-CoV-2, derivado al hospital de mayor complejidad, con encefalopatía hipertensiva que presentó evolución favorable y restitución completa del cuadro clínico
Immunoglobulin A vasculitis, previously called Henoch Schonlein purpura (IgAV/ HSP), is the most common systemic vasculitis in childhood. The most common trigger is a previous upper respiratory infection. It is characterized by palpable non-thrombocytopenic purpura with arthralgia and/or arthritis, gastrointestinal and kidney involvement. SARS-CoV-2 is an RNA virus that causes COVID-19 disease. It frequently affects the respiratory system with presentations ranging from rhinitis to severe conditions such as respiratory distress syndrome, septic shock, or multi-system inflammation syndrome (MIS). We describe the case of a 5-year-old boy with symptoms of IgAV/HSP as the initial form of presentation and subsequent diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection, being referred to a more complex hospital with hypertensive encephalopathy, presenting a favorable evolution and complete restoration of the clinical picture.