ABSTRACT
The present study characterized the in vitro biological response of a comprehensive set of cancer cell lines to gold nanoparticles (2.7 nm) coated with tiopronin (AuNPs-TP). Our findings suggest that upon entering cells, the AuNPs-TP are sequestered in vacuoles such as endosomes and lysosomes, and mostly localize in perinuclear areas. Peak cell accumulation was achieved at 8 hours after incubation. L929 and H520 cells showed more than 75% surviving fraction when treated with 0.5 mg/mL of AuNPs-TP for 24 hours, whereas the surviving fractions were 60% in MCF-7 and 20% in HeLa cells. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by the AuNPs-TP was dependent on cell line and exposure time. Antioxidants inhibited ROS generation to various extents, with glutathione and tiopronin being most effective. Overall, exposure time, concentration of the AuNPs-TP, and cell line influenced neoplastic cell response. Furthermore, the mechanism of cytotoxicity of the AuNPs-TP was found to be ROS generation. FROM THE CLINICAL EDITOR: This study describes the basic intracellular characteristics of Tiopronin-Au nanoparticles from the standpoint of their anti-cancer activity in different cancer cell cultures.
Subject(s)
Gold/pharmacology , Nanoparticles/chemistry , Neoplasms/drug therapy , Tiopronin/pharmacology , Animals , Antioxidants/metabolism , Cell Line, Tumor , Cell Survival/drug effects , Glutathione/metabolism , Gold/chemistry , Gold/pharmacokinetics , Humans , Mice , Neoplasms/metabolism , Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism , Tiopronin/chemistry , Tiopronin/pharmacokineticsABSTRACT
Although lithium-induced dystonia has been well documented in the literature, conflicting evidence discusses whether a patient may be susceptible to adverse effects from the drug after an anoxic brain injury. More recent literature discusses that lithium may, in fact, be neuroprotective. This case report presents a 35-year-old male who, after an anoxic brain injury after a suicide attempt, developed lithium-induced dystonia with characteristic symptoms of sustained muscle contractions, repetitive movements, and postures, which was not markedly improved with benztropine or benzodiazepines. It is postulated that because this patient received a depot neuroleptic with a subsequent anoxic brain injury, he may have become more sensitive to lithium and its rare complications.