Pharmacognostic standardization and DNA fingerprinting of leaves of Datura stramonium, growing naturally in Asir region of Saudi Arabia.

Evaluation of the various pharmacognostic quality parameters and DNA fingerprint of Saudi Arabian medicinal plant namely Datura stramonium growing in Asir region was the objective of the study. The pharmacognostical parameters were done in terms of macroscopic characters, microscopic details, physico-chemical evaluations, phytochemical analysis, fluorescence analysis and DNA fingerprint by using standard techniques and random polymorphic DNA primer. The detailed microscopy of the leaf revealed the presence of pre-medullary phloem, xylem, endodermis, parenchymatous pericycle, lower epidermis and calcium oxalate crystals. There are various amounts of foreign material, ash values, moisture content and extractive values, found after estimations. Preliminary phytochemical screening exhibited the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, tannins and sterols in variable amounts. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) showed there are a prominent scorbale DNA bands. These evaluations provided referential information for correct authentication and quality standardization of the important medicinal plant material. These information will also be supportive to differentiate Datura stramonium from the closely related other species.

Protective effects of Picrorhiza kurroa on cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression in mice.

OBJECTIVE: To study the immunomodulatory effect of ethanolic and aqueous extract of the rhizomes of Picrorrhiza kurroa (Scrophulariaceae) in normal and immunosuppressed mice models. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The rhizomes extract of Picrorrhiza kurroa was administered orally according to their body weight in mice. The study was carried out by various hematological and serological tests. The assessment of immunomodulatory activity on specific and non-specific immunity was studied by administration of test extract. The method of cyclophasphamide-induced immunosuppression was employed with slight modification to study the immunomodulatory potential of the extract. Plant extracts were administered by oral feeding canula to the test groups (groups III-VI), group I (control animals) and group II (model control animals) received same volume of normal saline (0.2 ml). Humoral antibody response to SRBC measurement of antibody titer by hemagglutination reaction was done. The mice belonging to the all groups were antigenically challenged with SRBC (0.5×10(9) cells/ml/100 g) on 10(th) day intraparitoneally. Cellular immune response (Foot pad reaction test) the edema was induced by injecting SRBC (0.025×10(9) cells) in left paw, and 0.025 ml of saline was injected in right paw. RESULTS: The plant extract showed protective effects on humoral immunity. The change in percentage deduction in footpad volume was also found significant (P<0.001). Administration of extract remarkably ameliorated both cellular and humoral antibody response. CONCLUSION: It is concluded that the test extracts possessed promising immunostimulant properties. But, the alcoholic extract is more potent than aqueous extract in producing delayed type hypersensitivity response.