ABSTRACT
Cache Valley virus (CVV) is a mosquitoborne virus that infects livestock and humans. We report results of surveillance for CVV in New York, USA, during 2000-2016; full-genome analysis of selected CVV isolates from sheep, horse, humans, and mosquitoes from New York and Canada; and phenotypic characterization of selected strains. We calculated infection rates by using the maximum-likelihood estimation method by year, region, month, and mosquito species. The highest maximum-likelihood estimations were for Anopheles spp. mosquitoes. Our phylogenetic analysis identified 2 lineages and found evidence of segment reassortment. Furthermore, our data suggest displacement of CVV lineage 1 by lineage 2 in New York and Canada. Finally, we showed increased vector competence of An. quadrimaculatus mosquitoes for lineage 2 strains of CVV compared with lineage 1 strains.
Subject(s)
Anopheles , Bunyamwera virus , Animals , Bunyamwera virus/genetics , Horses , Mosquito Vectors , New York/epidemiology , Phylogeny , SheepABSTRACT
ABSTRACT: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common inherited cardiomyopathy and causes changes in the cardiac muscle affecting ventricular, valvular, and cellular functions. Because HCM is an inherited disorder, all age groups are affected; however, it commonly presents in adolescents, especially athletes. Many patients are asymptomatic and undiagnosed, putting them at risk for sudden cardiac death. This article describes screening and management of patients with HCM.