Association of single nucleotide polymorphisms in TNF-α (-308G/A and -238G/A) to dengue: Case-control and meta-analysis study.

Dengue is an acute viral disease whose clinical condition is related to the interaction of factors related to the Dengue virus (DENV), environment and the host, with the immunity of the human host contributing a substantial role in the pathogenesis of DENV infection. Studies have demonstrated that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the promoter regions of cytokine genes such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) affect transcription and/or expression; and therefore, may influence the pathogenesis of infectious diseases, such as dengue. Consequently, the objective of this study was to assess through a case-control study whether there was an association between the presence of SNPs -308G/A and -238G/A in the TNF-α gene and 158 patients with dengue and 123 controls. No association was found between the SNPs and the dengue cases in the study population. We then performed a meta-analysis, retrieving data from case-control studies in the literature for the same polymorphisms. For SNP-308G/A, the GG genotype was associated with dengue fever (DF) risk (OR = 1.24, 1.00-1.53; p = 0.05; I2 = 0%), while the GA genotype (OR = 0.75, 0.60-0.93; p = 0.01; I2 = 0%) and allele A (OR = 0.75, 0.60-0.93; p = 0.01; I2 = 0%) were associated with protection. The genotype GG population in the Asian continent (OR = 1.81 [1.06, 3.09], p = 0.03, I2 = 0%) and American (OR = 1.29 [1.00, 1.65], p = 0.05, I2 = 0%) was also associated with protection in the comparison between the cases versus the control group. In each comparison, the dominant model AA + GA (p < 0.00001) conferred protection. For SNP-238G/A the GA genotype was associated with risk for dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF; OR = 2.17, 1.28-3.67; p = 0.004; I2 = 0%)), and the dominant AA + GA model (p < 0.00001) was associated with protection in each comparison. In summary, our results did not associate SNPs in the TNF-α gene to dengue in the Brazilian northeast population. However, combined literature data suggested the effect of the GG and GA genotypes of the SNP-308G/A on risk and protection, respectively, in Asian and American populations.

Genetic Variation and Autism: A Field Synopsis and Systematic Meta-Analysis.

This study aimed to verify noteworthy findings between genetic risk factors and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) by employing the false positive report probability (FPRP) and the Bayesian false-discovery probability (BFDP). PubMed and the Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) catalog were searched from inception to 1 August, 2019. We included meta-analyses on genetic factors of ASD of any study design. Overall, twenty-seven meta-analyses articles from literature searches, and four manually added articles from the GWAS catalog were re-analyzed. This showed that five of 31 comparisons for meta-analyses of observational studies, 40 out of 203 comparisons for the GWAS meta-analyses, and 18 out of 20 comparisons for the GWAS catalog, respectively, had noteworthy estimations under both Bayesian approaches. In this study, we found noteworthy genetic comparisons highly related to an increased risk of ASD. Multiple genetic comparisons were shown to be associated with ASD risk; however, genuine associations should be carefully verified and understood.

Evaluation of Biochemical Parameters Present in the Saliva of Patients with Chronic Periodontitis: Results from a Meta-Analysis.

AIMS: Periodontitis results from the presence of periodontopathogenic bacterial activity in the region of the gingival sulcus promoting tissue degradation and alveolar bone resorption. Biochemical analysis of the saliva can be used as a less invasive method for disease prognosis. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between biochemical protein levels in the saliva sample of patients with chronic periodontitis and healthy patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A literature review was performed using electronic databases (Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, MEDLINE, PubMed, and Web of Science) for studies published before July 2, 2016. The abstracts were evaluated, and the data extraction was performed by two calibrated examiners. The mean difference, and heterogeneity were calculated, and funnel plots were produced. RESULTS: Twenty case-control studies were selected with 2436 patients with chronic periodontitis and 1787 controls. The meta-analysis showed that increased levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and acid phosphatase (ACP) were all associated with periodontitis (p < 0.05), while blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) levels did not show statistical differences between cases and controls (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: This meta-analysis evidenced that increased levels of AST, ALT, CK, gama glutamil transferase (GGT), LDH, ALP, and ACP are associated in patients with chronic periodontitis, while BUN and OPG level in saliva did not present differences between groups.

Avaliação nutricional de pacientes cirúrgicos com câncer gastrointestinal em uso de suplemento alimentar / Evaluación nutritional de pacientes quirúrgicos con cáncer gastrointestinal utilizando complementos alimentarios / Nutritional evaluation of surgical patients with gastrointestinal cancer using food supplements

Objetivo: Avaliar a nutrição de pacientes cirúrgicos com neoplasia no trato gastrointestinal em uso de suplemento alimentar. Método: Trata-se de uma revisão sistemática de literatura realizada nas bases de dados Google Scholar, PubMed, Scielo e Web of Science, no período de maio a junho de 2021, sem recorte temporal ou restrição de idioma, através dos descritores: "enteral nutrition e immunenutrition", "cancerpatients e gastriccancerpatients", "preoperative, perioperative e postoperative". Resultados: Foram selecionados 8 estudos, destes, a maioria identificou benefícios na utilização da suplementação em razão da diminuição de células TNF-a, do cortisol e da transferrina, diminuindo o tempo de internação e melhora no estado funcional dos participantes suplementados. Conclusão: Os achados foram positivos, no entanto, houve algumas limitações como a heterogeneidade em abordagens terapêuticas e perda de pacientes durante o estudo, apesar de apresentarem baixo risco de viés, ainda há a necessidade de mais estudos.(AU)

Objective: To evaluate the nutrition of surgical patients with neoplasia in the gastrointestinal tract using food supplements. Method: This is a systematic literature review carried out in Google Scholar, PubMed, Scielo and Web of Science databases, from May to June 2021, without time frame or language restriction, using the descriptors: "enteral nutrition and immunenutrition", "cancerpatients and gastriccancerpatients", "preoperative, perioperative and postoperative". Results: Eight studies were selected, most of which identified benefits in the use of supplementation due to the decrease in TNF-a cells, cortisol and transferrin, reducing the length of hospital stay and improving the functional status of supplemented participants. Conclusion: The findings were positive, however, there were some limitations such as heterogeneity in therapeutic approaches and loss of patients during the study, despite having a low risk of bias, there is still a need for further studies.(AU)

Objetivo: Evaluar la nutrición de pacientes quirúrgicos con neoplasia en el tracto gastrointestinal utilizando suplementos alimenticios. Método: Se trata de una revisión sistemática de la literatura realizada en las bases de datos Google Scholar, PubMed, Scielo y Web of Science, de mayo a junio de 2021, sin franja horaria ni restricción de idioma, utilizando los descriptores: "nutrición enteral e inmunonutrición", "pacientes oncológicos y pacientes con cáncer gástrico", "preoperatorio, perioperatorio y postoperatorio". Resultados: Se seleccionaron ocho estudios, la mayoría de los cuales identificaron beneficios en el uso de la suplementación por la disminución de células TNF-a, cortisol y transferrina, reduciendo la estancia hospitalaria y mejorando el estado funcional de los participantes suplementados. Conclusión: Los hallazgos fueron positivos, sin embargo, hubo algunas limitaciones como la heterogeneidad en los enfoques terapéuticos y la pérdida de pacientes durante el estudio, a pesar de tener un bajo riesgo de sesgo, aún existe la necesidad de realizar más estudios.(AU)

Avaliação nutricional de pacientes cirúrgicos com câncer gastrointestinal em uso de suplemento alimentar / Nutritional evaluation of surgical patients with gastrointestinal cancer using food supplements

Objetivo: Avaliar a nutrição de pacientes cirúrgicos com neoplasia no trato gastrointestinal em uso de suplemento alimentar. Método: Trata-se de uma revisão sistemática de literatura realizada nas bases de dados Google Scholar, PubMed, Scielo e Web of Science, no período de maio a junho de 2021, sem recorte temporal ou restrição de idioma, através dos descritores: "enteral nutrition e immunenutrition", "cancerpatients e gastriccancerpatients", "preoperative, perioperative e postoperative". Resultados: Foram selecionados 8 estudos, destes, a maioria identificou benefícios na utilização da suplementação em razão da diminuição de células TNF-a, do cortisol e da transferrina, diminuindo o tempo de internação e melhora no estado funcional dos participantes suplementados. Conclusão: Os achados foram positivos, no entanto, houve algumas limitações como a heterogeneidade em abordagens terapêuticas e perda de pacientes durante o estudo, apesar de apresentarem baixo risco de viés, ainda há a necessidade de mais estudos.(AU)

Objective: To evaluate the nutrition of surgical patients with neoplasia in the gastrointestinal tract using food supplements. Method: This is a systematic literature review carried out in Google Scholar, PubMed, Scielo and Web of Science databases, from May to June 2021, without time frame or language restriction, using the descriptors: "enteral nutrition and immunenutrition", "cancerpatients and gastriccancerpatients", "preoperative, perioperative and postoperative". Results: Eight studies were selected, most of which identified benefits in the use of supplementation due to the decrease in TNF-a cells, cortisol and transferrin, reducing the length of hospital stay and improving the functional status of supplemented participants. Conclusion: The findings were positive, however, there were some limitations such as heterogeneity in therapeutic approaches and loss of patients during the study, despite having a low risk of bias, there is still a need for further studies(AU)

Objetivo: Evaluar la nutrición de pacientes quirúrgicos con neoplasia en el tracto gastrointestinal utilizando suplementos alimenticios. Método: Se trata de una revisión sistemática de la literatura realizada en las bases de datos Google Scholar, PubMed, Scielo y Web of Science, de mayo a junio de 2021, sin franja horaria ni restricción de idioma, utilizando los descriptores: "nutrición enteral e inmunonutrición", "pacientes oncológicos y pacientes con cáncer gástrico", "preoperatorio, perioperatorio y postoperatorio". Resultados: Se seleccionaron ocho estudios, la mayoría de los cuales identificaron beneficios en el uso de la suplementación por la disminución de células TNF-a, cortisol y transferrina, reduciendo la estancia hospitalaria y mejorando el estado funcional de los participantes suplementados. Conclusión: Los hallazgos fueron positivos, sin embargo, hubo algunas limitaciones como la heterogeneidad en los enfoques terapéuticos y la pérdida de pacientes durante el estudio, a pesar de tener un bajo riesgo de sesgo, aún existe la necesidad de realizar más estudios(AU)

Salivary biomarkers present in patients with periodontitis without clinical distinction: findings from a meta-analysis

Background: A new classification for periodontitis has been adopted in clinical practice. However, there are still discussions regarding this new classification and difficulties in its adoption, both by professionals and researchers. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate which salivary biomarkers are present in periodontitis, following the new classification of periodontal diseases through meta-analysis. Material and methods: A literature search was carried out in the scientific databases: PubMed, Scielo and Google scholar to select studies. The selection of studies was followed by two authors upon reading of the title, abstract and full text. The necessary data were collected and statistical analyses were performed using the Review Manager statistical software version 5.4, with calculation of Mean Difference, heterogeneity (I²) and funnel plot with P < 0.05. Results: After following the selection criteria, 9 articles were selected for comparison. The studies address the presence of biomarkers in the saliva of patients with periodontitis and their possible use in the monitoring and diagnosis of the disease. For the meta-analytic comparison, a sample size of 1,983 individuals was used. Statistical analyses showed that nitric oxide, IL-6, IL-1B and osteoprotegerin are substances that are significantly present in patients with periodontitis (P < 0.05). Conclusions: IL-6, nitric oxide, IL-1B, TNF-α and osteoprotegerin are among the most present biomarkers in patients with periodontitis, and may be used in the future as a monitoring of periodontal disease. The present study also revealed that there was no statistically significant difference in the concentration of these biomarkers for clinical distinction from periodontitis. (AU)

One or two ligatures inducing periodontitis are sufficient to cause fatty liver

BACKGROUND: Periodontitis is a chronic disease that due to an intense inflammatory response triggers systemic changes such as hepatic alterations. This study aimed to compare hepatic damage in rats that received experimental periodontitis at one or two periodontal sites with ligatures. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Eighteen rats were separated into three groups: control, without ligature; periodontitis 1, with one ligature; and periodontitis 2, with two ligatures. The following parameters were assessed: gingival bleeding index, probing pocket depth, tooth mobility, alveolar bone loss, malondialdehyde (MDA) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in periodontal tissue; histopathological evaluation of hepatic tissue (steatosis score); glutathione levels (GSH), MDA, MPO, cholesterol and triglycerides in the liver; and serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). RESULTS: Periodontal evaluation data showed that the periodontitis model worked well. The groups with periodontitis did not differ significantly in relation to MPO activity and MDA levels in the gingival samples, but they were significantly different when compared with the control group. Steatosis was observed in the histological analysis of the groups with periodontitis, but between the periodontitis groups, two ligatures did not cause increase in steatosis score. The levels of GSH, MDA, total cholesterol and triglycerides in the hepatic tissue were not altered between groups with periodontitis, but they showed significant differences in comparison with the control group. The activity of MPO in hepatic tissue and serum levels of AST and ALT did not present significant difference among the three groups. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, our results demonstrated that one or two ligatures inducing periodontitis were both sufficient to cause fatty liver. Steatosis caused by two ligatures did not present larger extension and severity than steatosis caused by one ligature

Relationship between -889 C/T polymorphism in interleukin-1A gene and risk of chronic periodontitis: Evidence from a meta-analysis with new published findings

BACKGROUND: Periodontitis results from an inflammatory response caused by accumulative microorganisms in periodontal sites. Several factors are involved in pathogenesis of periodontitis, for example the -889 C/T polymorphism in interleukin-1A gene. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between this polymorphism and risk of development of chronic periodontitis by a meta-analysis based in new published findings. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thereunto a review in literature was performed in the electronic biomedical and education databases (Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, MEDLINE and PubMed) to studies published before August 2, 2015, the abstracts were evaluated and the data extraction performed by two calibrated examiners. The calculations of the meta-analysis were obtained through statistical software Review Manager version 5.2 with calculation of Odds Ratio (OR), heterogeneity (I²) and Funnel plots with P < 0.05. RESULTS: In overall, twenty-one case/control studies were selected with 2,174 patients with chronic periodontitis and 1, 756 controls. The meta-analysis showed T allele was associated with chronic periodontitis (OR = 1.22, 95% CI: 1.09, 1.36, P = 0.0004) with decreased value to heterogeneity (I² = 15%, P = 0.28). TT genotype was associated to patients with chronic periodontitis (OR = 1.40, 95% CI: 1.07, 1.83, P = 0.01). No publication bias was found in this meta-analysis by asymmetry in Funnel plots. CONCLUSIONS: This meta-analysis with 2,174 patients with chronic periodontitis and 1, 756 controls evidenced the -889 C/T polymorphism is associated to risk of development of chronic periodontitis with no significant value to heterogeneity to allelic evaluation