The use of artificial intelligence tools in cancer detection compared to the traditional diagnostic imaging methods: An overview of the systematic reviews.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: In comparison to conventional medical imaging diagnostic modalities, the aim of this overview article is to analyze the accuracy of the application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques in the identification and diagnosis of malignant tumors in adult patients. DATA SOURCES: The acronym PIRDs was used and a comprehensive literature search was conducted on PubMed, Cochrane, Scopus, Web of Science, LILACS, Embase, Scielo, EBSCOhost, and grey literature through Proquest, Google Scholar, and JSTOR for systematic reviews of AI as a diagnostic model and/or detection tool for any cancer type in adult patients, compared to the traditional diagnostic radiographic imaging model. There were no limits on publishing status, publication time, or language. For study selection and risk of bias evaluation, pairs of reviewers worked separately. RESULTS: In total, 382 records were retrieved in the databases, 364 after removing duplicates, 32 satisfied the full-text reading criterion, and 09 papers were considered for qualitative synthesis. Although there was heterogeneity in terms of methodological aspects, patient differences, and techniques used, the studies found that several AI approaches are promising in terms of specificity, sensitivity, and diagnostic accuracy in the detection and diagnosis of malignant tumors. When compared to other machine learning algorithms, the Super Vector Machine method performed better in cancer detection and diagnosis. Computer-assisted detection (CAD) has shown promising in terms of aiding cancer detection, when compared to the traditional method of diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: The detection and diagnosis of malignant tumors with the help of AI seems to be feasible and accurate with the use of different technologies, such as CAD systems, deep and machine learning algorithms and radiomic analysis when compared with the traditional model, although these technologies are not capable of to replace the professional radiologist in the analysis of medical images. Although there are limitations regarding the generalization for all types of cancer, these AI tools might aid professionals, serving as an auxiliary and teaching tool, especially for less trained professionals. Therefore, further longitudinal studies with a longer follow-up duration are required for a better understanding of the clinical application of these artificial intelligence systems. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Systematic review registration. Prospero registration number: CRD42022307403.

Evidence for the efficacy of Tai Chi for treating rheumatoid arthritis: an overview of systematic reviews.

BACKGROUND: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic disease with higher prevalence among women aged between 30 and 50 years and general prevalence of 1% worldwide. Interventions promoting improvement of quality of life for individuals with RA are required. Tai Chi appears to be a low-cost alternative, with studies showing positive results from this technique. However, regarding aspects of RA such as pain and sensitivity, studies remain inconclusive. OBJECTIVES: To compare the effectiveness of the Tai Chi method for treating patients diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis, among systematic reviews. DESIGN AND SETTING: Overview of systematic reviews with Cochrane and non-Cochrane methodology. METHODS: Systematic reviews involving quasi-randomized and randomized clinical trials (RCTs) on use of Tai Chi, with no restrictions regarding the date and language of publication, were included. RESULTS: Three systematic reviews were included. The effects of Tai Chi associated with education and stretching exercises versus education and stretching were evaluated in these reviews. They showed that improvements in the variables of mood, depression and functional index were associated with use of Tai Chi. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that clinical improvement was achieved, although not statistically significant with regard to pain and disease pattern, as assessed using the ACR20 measurement. Improvements relating to disability and quality of life were also seen. There was a low level of evidence and therefore caution in data analysis is recommended. The three studies included showed poor reliability for providing an accurate and complete summary of use of Tai Chi among people diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis. PROSPERO: CRD42019125501.

[The interface between primary and secondary care in dentistry in the Unified Health System (SUS): an integrative systematic review]. / Interface entre a Atenção Primária e a Secundária em odontologia no Sistema Único de Saúde: uma revisão sistemática integrativa.

Secondary care in dentistry in Brazil has scarce and broadly underutilized resources. The challenge is to organize the interface between primary health care (PHC) and secondary care in order to consolidate the population's access to specialist dental care in the Unified Health System (SUS). This article seeks to analyze national publications in Portuguese and English on the interface between secondary health care and primary health care in dentistry from the perspective of comprehensive care in the SUS. It is an integrative review, considering the publications of the following databases: SciELO (Scientific Electronic Library Online), LILACS (Latin American and Caribbean Literature) WEB OF SCIENCE, SCOPUS, PubMed (International Literature on Health Sciences) and GOOGLE SCHOLAR. The search located 966 articles, of which 12 were used in full. Coverage of the oral health teams (ESB) in the family health strategy (ESF), primary health care implementation in a structured way, access to secondary health care, counter-referral to PHC, development of indicators and socioeconomic conditions and inequalities in the distribution of dental specialist centers (CEO) are factors that influence the integrity of oral health care in the SUS.

Impact of COVID-19in residency in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of the Federal District Public Health System / Impacto da COVID-19 na residência em Cirurgia Buco-Maxilo-Facialda Secretaria de Saúde do Distrito Federal

With the social isolation resulting from the coronavirus pandemic, the residency in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of the Federal District Public Health System adapted to maintain the attendance and course schedule. Theoretical classes migrated to online and there was an abrupt change in practical activities, such as the reduction in elective care and newbiosafetyprotocols. The objective of this research was to understand the impact of the pandemic on the residency, including the analysis of perception and the level of satisfaction of the participants regarding online classes and practical activities, analysis of the number and type of surgeries performed in 2020 and residents'attitudes aimedfor professional career, through Likerttypequestionnaires. Only half of the tutors and less than half of the residentswere motivated to use the virtual teaching environment. In addition, the number of surgerieswasreduced by more than 40%. In addition, half of the residents responded that they do not feel capableto resolve unexpected events related to their training and that they are not confident in making decisions regarding theirprofessional career. COVID-19 will continue to have a greater impact on surgical practice, so hospitals should develop a detailed contingency plan, including for pandemics and schools should permanently incorporate options of complementary remote activitiesin their curriculum (AU).

Com o isolamento social decorrente da pandemia de coronavírus, a residência em Cirurgia Buco-Maxilo-Facialda Secretaria de Saúde do Distrito Federalse adaptou para manter o atendimento e o cronograma do curso. Aulas teóricas migraram para onlinee houve abrupta mudança das atividades práticas, como a diminuição do atendimento eletivo e novos protocolos de biossegurança. O objetivo dessa pesquisa foi entender o impacto da pandemia no ensino na residência, incluindo a análise de percepção e do nível de satisfação dos participantes quanto às aulas onlinee atividades práticas, análise do número e tipo de cirurgias realizadas em 2020 e atitudes dos residentes voltadas para carreira profissional, por meio de questionários do tipo Likert. Apenas metade dos preceptores e menos da metade dos residentes estavam motivados a usar o ambiente virtual de ensino. O número de cirurgias foi reduzido em mais de 40%. Além disso, metade dos residentes respondeu que não se sente capaz de resolver eventos inesperados relacionados à sua formação e que não está segura em tomar decisões relativas à sua carreira profissional. A COVID-19 continuará a ter maior impacto na prática cirúrgica, por isso, hospitais devem desenvolver um plano de contingência detalhado, inclusive para o caso de futuras pandemias e escolas devem incorporar opções de atividades remotas complementares permanentemente em seu currículo (AU).

Interface entre a Atenção Primária e a Secundária em odontologia no Sistema Único de Saúde: uma revisão sistemática integrativa / The interface between primary and secondary care in dentistry in the Unified Health System (SUS): an integrative systematic review

Resumo A atenção secundária em odontologia no Brasil apresenta recursos escassos e em grande parte subutilizados. O desafio consiste em realizar a interface entre a atenção primária à saúde (APS) e a atenção secundária de forma a consolidar o acesso da população à atenção odontológica especializada no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). O objetivo deste artigo é analisar publicações nacionais em língua portuguesa e inglesa sobre a interface entre a atenção secundária e a APS em odontologia na perspectiva da integralidade do cuidado no âmbito do SUS. Revisão integrativa considerando as publicações dos seguintes bancos de dados: SciELO (Scientific Eletronic Library Online), Lilacs (Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe), Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed (Literatura Internacional em Ciências da Saúde) e Google Acadêmico. Foram encontrados 966 artigos, dos quais 12 foram utilizados na integra. A cobertura das equipes de saúde bucal (ESB) nas estratégias de saúde da família (ESF), a implantação da APS de forma estruturada, o acesso a atenção secundária, o contrarreferenciamento para APS, os indicadores de desenvolvimento e as condições socioeconômicas e desigualdades na distribuição dos CEO's são fatores que influenciam a integralidade do cuidado em saúde bucal no SUS.

Abstract Secondary care in dentistry in Brazil has scarce and broadly underutilized resources. The challenge is to organize the interface between primary health care (PHC) and secondary care in order to consolidate the population's access to specialist dental care in the Unified Health System (SUS). This article seeks to analyze national publications in Portuguese and English on the interface between secondary health care and primary health care in dentistry from the perspective of comprehensive care in the SUS. It is an integrative review, considering the publications of the following databases: SciELO (Scientific Electronic Library Online), LILACS (Latin American and Caribbean Literature) WEB OF SCIENCE, SCOPUS, PubMed (International Literature on Health Sciences) and GOOGLE SCHOLAR. The search located 966 articles, of which 12 were used in full. Coverage of the oral health teams (ESB) in the family health strategy (ESF), primary health care implementation in a structured way, access to secondary health care, counter-referral to PHC, development of indicators and socioeconomic conditions and inequalities in the distribution of dental specialist centers (CEO) are factors that influence the integrity of oral health care in the SUS.