Brown and golden flaxseed reduce intestinal permeability and endotoxemia, and improve the lipid profile in perimenopausal overweight women.

The effect of brown and golden flaxseeds on lipid profile, oxidative stress, intestinal permeability, endotoxemia, and fasting glycaemia of perimenopausal overweight women was investigated in this clinical trial. Thirty participants were divided into control (CG), brown flaxseed (BF), and golden flaxseed (GF) groups. BF and GF received 40 g of brown and golden flaxseed for 12 weeks. Venous blood samples were collected at the beginning and at the end. Intestinal permeability analysis was performed by urinary excretion of lactulose and mannitol. There was significant reduction in intestinal permeability in flaxseed groups, with delta of lactulose/mannitol ratio smaller (p ≤ 0.05). LPS levels were reduced in the flaxseed groups, whereas low-density lipoproteins (LDL) was decreased in the GF group (p ≤ 0.05). Flaxseed consumption did not change oxidative stress markers and glycaemia. Flaxseed consumption, especially golden flaxseed, reduced intestinal permeability and improved the lipid profile, showing positive effects on metabolic changes caused by menopausal transition.HIGHLIGHTSBrown and golden flaxseeds show a high content of insoluble fibre and alpha-linolenic acid, and brown flaxseed presented higher antioxidant activity.Golden flaxseed improved the lipid profile.Brown and golden flaxseeds reduced intestinal permeability and endotoxemia.Brown and golden flaxseed can be a promising alternative for the prevention of metabolic changes caused by menopausal transition, and for the improvement of the intestinal health.

Juçara (Euterpe edulis Mart.) Supplementation Reduces Aberrant Crypt Foci and Increases SOD1 Expression in the Colorectal Mucosa of Carcinogenesis-Induced Rats.

Antioxidants present in food can act as a protective factor against the development of colorectal cancer (CRC) by reducing the development of aberrant crypt foci (ACF). This study aimed to analyze the effects of supplementation with juçara fruit pulp on the number of ACF and the SOD1 expression in an experimental model of CRC. Colorectal carcinogenesis was induced with 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) in 16 young female rats (Rattus norvegicus) given a diet supplemented with either juçara fruit pulp (DMH+/juçara+) or control (DMH+/juçara-). Five animals were used as a negative control (DMH-/juçara-). The (DMH+/juçara+) group received 14 days of supplementation (100 ml/animal/day) at 2-day intervals for 1 month. The number of ACF, area of positive staining for SOD1, and SOD1 expression score were evaluated. The (DMH+/juçara+) group presented a lower number of ACF, ACF > 3 crypts, and greater SOD1 expression in the colorectal mucosa. Based on the reduction in the number of lesions and possible positive impact on antioxidant enzymes, juçara fruit pulp appears to support the prevention of CRC, opening new possibilities for its use in dietary supplementation, as well as in the development of products and medications for the prevention and treatment of CRC.

Spray-dried microcapsules of anthocyanin-rich extracts from Euterpe edulis M. as an alternative for maintaining color and bioactive compounds in dairy beverages.

Color is a sensory attribute that influences the acceptance of food and dyes are added into food products to provide them attractiveness. In this context, anthocyanins have merged as an alternative to synthetic dyes. This study aimed to develop food model systems of fermented or unfermented dairy beverages containing added microencapsulated anthocyanin-rich extracts from juçara palm fruit. The stabilities of both pigment and beverage throughout storage in opaque or transparent packaging have been evaluated. Acidity, pH and anthocyanin content in both beverages did not vary during 28 days of storage, and the content of bioactive compounds did not decrease over time. A slight overall color difference that is probably invisible to naked eyes was detected between the beverages analyzed at days 0 and 28. The potential of applying microencapsulated natural pigments into dairy matrices is an effort to increase their nutritional and sensorial values.

Incorporation of microencapsulated polyphenols from jabuticaba peel (Plinia spp.) into a dairy drink: stability, in vitro bioaccessibility, and glycemic response.

This work incorporated bioactives extracted from jabuticaba peel in the form of concentrated extract (JBE) and microencapsulated powders with maltodextrin (MDP) and gum arabic (GAP) in a dairy drink, evaluating its stability, in vitro bioaccessibility, and glycemic response. We evaluated the pH, acidity, colorimetry, total phenolics and anthocyanins, antioxidant capacity, degradation kinetics and half-life of anthocyanins, bioaccessibility, and postprandial glycemic physicochemical characteristics response in healthy individuals. The drinks incorporated with polyphenols (JBE, GAP, and MDP) and the control dairy drink (CDD) maintained stable pH and acidity over 28 days. In color, the parameter a*, the most relevant to the study, was reduced for all formulations due to degradation of anthocyanins. Phenolic and antioxidant content remained constant. In bioaccessibility, we found that after the gastrointestinal simulation, there was a decrease in phenolics and anthocyanins in all formulations. In the glycemic response, we observed that the smallest incremental areas of glucose were obtained for GAP and JBE compared to CDD, demonstrating that polyphenols reduced glucose absorption. Then, the bioactives from jabuticaba peel, incorporated into a dairy drink, showed good storage stability and improved the product's functional aspects.

Green Coffee Extract Microencapsulated: Physicochemical Characteristics, Stability, Bioaccessibility, and Sensory Acceptability through Dairy Beverage Consumption.

This study aimed to investigate the effect of spray drying (SD) and freeze-drying (FD) on the microencapsulation of green coffee extracts by using polydextrose (PD) and inulin (IN) as encapsulating agents and their physicochemical, bioactive compounds' stability, phenolic compounds' bioaccessibility after digestion, and sensory effects in unfermented dairy beverages. The extract encapsulated with IN by FD had lower moisture content, water activity, and hygroscopicity, while particles encapsulated by SD exhibited a spherical shape and the structure of the FD products was irregular. No difference was observed in phenolic compounds' bioaccessibility. Dairy beverages with added encapsulated extracts had higher total phenolic content and antioxidant activity. Microencapsulation allowed a controlled release of the bioactive compounds with an increase in the content of caffeine, chlorogenic acid, and trigonelline during storage. The dairy beverage with added extract encapsulated with IN by FD had the highest scores of acceptability regarding the overall impression and purchase intent.

Ultrasound improves antimicrobial effect of sodium dichloroisocyanurate to reduce Salmonella Typhimurium on purple cabbage.

The consumer's interest in ready-to-eat, fast-ready, nutritious and fresh foods is a major challenge for the food industry. Thus, studies on new sanitization methods are relevant. The effect of Sodium Hypochlorite (SH), Benzalkonium Chloride (BC), and Sodium Dichloroisocyanurate (SD) isolated or combined with Ultrasound (US) in purple cabbage quality over 7 days of storage at 8 ±â€¯1 °C was evaluated. The natural microbiota (mesophilic aerobic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria and coliforms), intentionally inoculated Salmonella Typhimurium, physicochemical quality (anthocyanins, pH, total titratable acidity, instrumental color and mass loss) and sensorial quality (multiple comparison test and visual sensory acceptance) were analyzed. The best treatments for natural microbiota reduction were BC and US + BC, which in general reduced between 1.9 and 3.2 log cfu/g. US improved (p < .05) the effect of SD reducing almost 4 log cycles in the population of S. Typhimurium adhered to cabbage. The treatments with benzalkonium chloride resulted in important physicochemical changes in cabbage. The treatments SD and US + SD did not alter the physicochemical and sensorial characteristics of purple cabbage. Therefore, ultrasound combined with sodium dichloroisocyanurate is a promising alternative for the reduction of microbiological contaminants of purple cabbage without physicochemical, sensory and anthocyanin content loss.

Impacto da luz, pH, ácido ascórbico e glicose na estabilidade de antocianinas da fonte não usual maria-pretinha (solanum americanum, mill) / Impact of light, pH, ascorbic acid and glucose on the stability of supply anthocyanins unsual mary shine (solanum americanum, mill)

O fruto de maria-pretinha (Solanum americanum) consiste em fonte não usual, porém viável de produção de antocianinas. Sendo assim, objetivou-se avaliar a estabilidade do extrato antociânico obtido dessa fonte vegetal, após extração com metanol acidificado (0,05% HCl), frente a fatores degradativos como luz, pH, ácido ascórbico e glicose. Sua estabilidade foi estimada determinando-se os valores de absorbância no comprimento de onda de máxima absorção em função do tempo, mediante os quais foram calculadas as constantes de velocidade de degradação (k) e o tempo de meia-vida (t1/2) de cada sistema. Os efeitos da luz e da concentração de 400 ppm de ácido ascórbico foram os mais destrutivos para a cor do pigmento, especialmente em pH 4,0. A adição de ácido ascórbico acelerou a degradação do pigmento antociânico. A glicose não afetou a estabilidade das antocianinas. Os pigmentos apresentaram maior estabilidade em pH 2,0. A interação negativa de ácido ascórbico e antocianinas merece mais investigações, já que a aplicação de pigmentos antociânicos na indústria de alimentos, especialmente em sucos e refrigerantes, mostrou-se bastante promissora.

Fatores que influenciam a reação de saponificação dos carotenóides presentes no urucum (Bixa orellana L. ) / Factors that influence saponification reaction in annatto (Bixa orellana L. ) carotenoids

Conduziu-se este trabalho, com o objetivo de estudar o efeito de diferentes concentrações de KOH (0,6 por cento, 1 por cento, 2 por cento, 3 por cento, 4 por cento e 5 por cento) e temperatura de extração (25ºC, 50°C, 60°C e 70°C) na reação de saponificação dos principais pigmentos de urucum. O progresso da reação foi acompanhado pela quantificação do teor de bixina e de norbixina por meio de cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (CLAE). A maior concentração de base propiciou a maior conversão de bixina em norbixina (KOH 5 por cento - bixina: 0,44 g.100g-1, norbixina: 1,43 g.100g-1) e com a menor concentração não ocorreu conversão (KOH 0,6 por cento - bixina: 2,00 g.100g-1, norbixina: não detectada). A elevação da temperatura de extração esteve associada à redução do teor de bixina no meio e ao aumento do teor de norbixina (T70°C - bixina: 0,01 g.100g-1, norbixina: 2,34 g.100g-1; T25ªC - bixina: 1,04 g.100g-1, norbixina: 0,78 g.100g-1). Sendo assim, para extração de bixina seria recomendado o uso de soluções alcalinas pouco concentradas, ao passo que para a obtenção do pigmento hidrossolúvel são aconselhadas concentrações mais elevadas, podendo estar associadas a aquecimento.

This research aimed to evaluate the effect of different KOH concentrations (0.6 percent, 1 percent, 2 percent, 3 percent, 4 percent and 5 percent) and extraction temperature (25ºC, 50°C, 60°C and 70°C) on the progress of saponification reaction in annatto pigments. The progress of the reaction was monitored by quantification of bixin and norbixin using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The highest alkali concentration made possible the maximum conversion of bixin into norbixin (KOH 5 percent - bixin: 0.44 g.100g-1, norbixin: 1.43 g.100g-1) and using the lowest concentration, saponification didn't take place (KOH 0.6 percent - bixin: 2.00 g.100g-1, norbixin: not detected). The elevation of extraction temperature was associated to a decrease of bixin content and to an increase of norbixin content (T70°C - bixin: 0.01 g.100g-1, norbixin: 2.34 g.100g-1; T25ºC - bixin: 1.04 g.100g-1, norbixin: 0.78 g.100g-1). Therefore, for the extraction of bixin is recommended to use alkaline solutions in low concentrations. To obtain the hydrossoluble pigment, higher concentrations are suggested, and they could be associated to heating.

Correlação entre métodos espectrofotométricos e colorimétricos na determinação da foto e termossensibilidade dos carotenoides de tomate / Correlation between spectrophotometric and colorimetric methods for determination of photosensitivity and thermosensitivity of tomato carotenoids

A busca por pigmentos naturais para aplicação em alimentos e o desafio de sua produção industrial tem motivado pesquisadores a investigar sua estabilidade à luz, temperatura, pH e oxigênio. Mistura de licopeno, obtida de polpa de tomate e óleo mineral, foi preparada para se estudar a foto e termossensibilidade do corante. Determinações espectrofotométricas e colorimétricas foram realizadas durante o período de estocagem. O efeito da luz foi mais destrutivo que a maior temperatura avaliada (80 graus C), sobretudo pela descoloração brusca de algumas amostras após 30 dias de estocagem. O pigmento foi pouco afetado quando armazenado no escuro e a 40 graus C. Obtiveram-se correlações significativas nas reduções de absorbãncia com os valores calorimétricos "a", "b" e "h". Essas coordenadas foram as que explicaram melhor as variações ocorridas na decomposição do pigmento.