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Boronic acids are important in the organic and biological arenas. Thus, their identification and characterization are important. ESI-MS is a well-known tool for such uses. Herein we report a systematic analysis of the chemical behavior of arylboronic acids under ESI-MS conditions. Such information will be very critical to understanding the gas-phase chemistry of boronic acids in an ESI mass spectrometer ion source in general and the MS analysis of boronic acids and their macromolecular conjugates in particular.
Subject(s)
Boronic Acids/chemistry , Macromolecular Substances/chemistry , Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization/methods , Molecular StructureABSTRACT
【Objective】 To explore the feasibility of en-bloc resection of bladder tumors by flexible cystoscope combined with laparoscopic instruments through urethra and to provide reference for the clinical application of this technique. 【Methods】 Self-designed and processed transurethral single-hole PORT and Olympus electronic cystoscope were used as observation mirror; Φ1.8 mm soft grasper, tissue scissors, electric hook, and ultrasonic scalpel were used as instruments; the porcine bladder was used as a model.The PORT was placed through the urethra, and the cystoscope was inserted to observe the inner wall of the bladder and the condition of the mucosa.After the lesion site was identified in the bladder cavity, the soft grasper was inserted to pull the mucosa to be removed, which was then fixed with tension at the target position to maintain a satisfactory feild of view.The surgeon held the cystoscope in the left hand, and operated the laparoscopic instruments into the bladder cavity through the PORT with the right hand.Observing with the cystoscope and lifting and pulling the mucosa with the grasper, the surgeon simulated the cutting and pushing actions to realize the en-bloc resection of the lesioned mucosa. 【Results】 The mucosa at 4 different locations were successfully resected on 2 in vitro porcine bladder models. 【Conclusion】 The in vitro experiments show that the combination of flexible electronic cystoscope and laparoscopic instruments achieves synergistic effects in en-bloc resection of bladder tumor by transurethral single-hole laparoscope without additional iatrogenic bladder injury caused by percutaneous bladder incision.This method is feasible in the treatment of bladder tumors, and has the potential of clinical application after further optimization.
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ObjectiveTo evaluate the clinical effectiveness and safety of Bairui Granules （百蕊颗粒） in the treatment of acute pharyngitis with wind-heat syndrome. MethodsA multicenter， double-blind， double-simulation， randomised controlled trial was conducted， in which 162 patients with acute pharyngitis and wind-heat syndrome from 7 centers were recruited， and each center was divided into trial group and control group on the ratio of 2∶1. In the trial group， 108 cases were orally administered with Bairui Granules plus Reyanning Granules （热炎宁颗粒） simulant， and in the control group， 54 cases were orally administered with Reyanning Granules plus Bairui Granules simulant for 5 days， with a follow-up visit on the 6th day. Full analysis set （FAS） analysis and per protocol set （PPS） were used for analysis， respectively. The primary efficacy index was the disappearance rate of sore throat after 5-day treatment； the secondary efficacy indexes were the disappearance rate of sore throat after 3-day treatment， as well as the visual analogue score （VAS） of sore throat before treatment， every day during the treatment， and follow-up on day 6， and the traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） syndrome score was performed before treatment and at the follow-up on day 6. The effectiveness on TCM syndrome was evaluated at the follow-up on day 6， and the changes of vital signs， blood routine， urine routine， liver functions， kidney function， the adverse events before and after the treatment were recorded， and safety analysis set （SS） was analysed. Results162 patients entered the FAS and SS analyses， and 158 cases （105 cases in the trial group and 53 cases in the control group） entered the PPS analysis. FAS analysis showed that the disappearance rate of sore throat after 5-day treatment was 80.56% （87/108） in the trial group and 64.81% （35/54） in the control group， and the difference between groups was statistically significant （χ2 = 5.10， P = 0.0239）. PPS analysis showed that the disappearance rate of sore throat after 5-day treatment was 80.00% （84/105） in the trial group and 64.15% （34/53） in the control group， and the difference between groups was statistically significant （χ2 =4.85， P = 0.0277）. FAS and SS analyses both showed that the difference in disappearance rate of sore throat between groups on 3-day treatment was not statistically significant （P＞0.05）. Compared with those before treatment， the VAS scores of sore throat were lower in both groups during treatment on day 2， 3， 4， 5， and follow-up on day 6 （P＜0.01）， but the difference between groups at each time point was not statistically significant （P＞0.05）. TCM syndrome scores of both groups at the follow-up were lower than that before treatment， and those of the trial group were lower than those of the control group （P＜0.01）. The cure rate and effective rate of TCM syndrome of the trial group were significantly higher than those of the control group （P＜0.01）. There was no significant difference in blood routine， urine routine， liver function， kidney function between groups before and after treatment （P＞0.05）， and no serious adverse events occured in both groups. ConclusionBairui Granules showed clinical effectiveness in the treatment of acute pharyngitis of wind-heat syndrome， and it could significantly improve the clinical symptoms， accelerate the disappearance time of sore throat with good safety.
ABSTRACT
By employing a click reaction, a novel method was developed for the sensitive detection of inorganic azides at as low as 21 ppb.
Subject(s)
Azides/analysis , Azides/chemistry , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/methods , Click Chemistry , Limit of Detection , Mass SpectrometryABSTRACT
AIM: To prepare polymethacrylate nanospheres and study the mechanism of breviscapine entrapped by polymethacrylate nanospheres. METHODS: Polymethacrylate nanospheres were prepared by microemulsion polymerization with SDS as surfactant, n-butanol as cosurfactant, MAA and BMA as monomer, TRIM as cross-linker and AIBN as initiator. Breviscapine added would be divided into two ways:prior to polymerization (encapsulation) and after polymerization (sorption), respectively. RESULTS: The size of the nanospheres was found to be 50nm by measuring with TEM. The ? potential of the nanospheres was -27.2 mv and it was increased after breviscapine being entrapped. The drug content entrapped in nanospheres was proportional to the drugs amount added in encapsulation method while the drug content in nanospheres was increased step by step in sorption method. CONCLUSION: The polymethacrylate nanospheres prepared by microemulsion polymerization could be applied to encapsulate hydrophobic traditional Chinese medicine extracts.
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ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical features of acute myocardial infarction in CAPD patients.MethodsCompare the clinical and laboratory data of 39 patients with CAPD and AMI for the first time (PD group),including clinical symptoms,signs,electrocardiogram changes,myocardial enzyme changes and in hospital mortality,with those of 50 patients without renal insufficient but with AMI for the first time (C group).Diagnosis of AMI was made in hospital.ResultsCompared to C group, the symptoms presented at first in PD group were more atypical and the patients went to see doctor more lately after AMI.Atypical electrocardiogram changes were more in PD group than in C group (61.5% vs 26.0%,P
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AIM: To investigate the effect of peritoneal vibration on the peritoneal permeability and the peritoneal surface layer. METHODS: Peritoneal transport rate was examined in twelve male SD rats. Six (S group) were put on an electronic shaker and the other six were used as control (C group). After that, the peritoneum was examined by electron microscopy (EM). RESULTS: The net ultrafiltration volume (NUF) in the S group was lower than that in the C group. This difference in NUF was due to both a significantly higher peritoneal fluid absorption rate and a significantly lower transcapillary ultrafiltration rate in S group as compared to C group. The peritoneal direct lymphatic absorption rate was higher in S group. The transport rates of small solutes were also significantly higher in S group. EM showed that the thickness of the peritoneal surface layer was significantly decreased in S group. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that the peritoneal surface layer may be an important layer in modulating the peritoneal transport rate.