ABSTRACT
More effective methods to detect bovine tuberculosis, caused by Mycobacterium bovis, in wildlife, is of paramount importance for preventing disease spread to other wild animals, livestock, and human beings. In this study, we analyzed the volatile organic compounds emitted by fecal samples collected from free-ranging wild boar captured in Doñana National Park, Spain, with an electronic nose system based on organically-functionalized gold nanoparticles. The animals were separated by the age group for performing the analysis. Adult (>24 months) and sub-adult (12-24 months) animals were anesthetized before sample collection, whereas the juvenile (<12 months) animals were manually restrained while collecting the sample. Good accuracy was obtained for the adult and sub-adult classification models: 100% during the training phase and 88.9% during the testing phase for the adult animals, and 100% during both the training and testing phase for the sub-adult animals, respectively. The results obtained could be important for the further development of a non-invasive and less expensive detection method of bovine tuberculosis in wildlife populations.
Subject(s)
Electronic Nose , Metal Nanoparticles , Mycobacterium tuberculosis , Tuberculosis , Volatile Organic Compounds , Animals , Animals, Wild , Cattle , Feces , Female , Gold , Humans , Male , Spain , Sus scrofa , Swine , Tuberculosis/diagnosis , Tuberculosis/veterinaryABSTRACT
We present here the first study that directly correlates gastric cancer (GC) with specific biomarkers in the exhaled breath composition on a South American population, which registers one of the highest global incidence rates of gastric affections. Moreover, we demonstrate a novel solid state sensor that predicts correct GC diagnosis with 97% accuracy. Alveolar breath samples of 30 volunteers (patients diagnosed with gastric cancer and a controls group formed of patients diagnosed with other gastric diseases) were collected and analyzed by gas-chromatography/mass-spectrometry (GC-MS) and with an innovative chemical gas sensor based on gold nanoparticles (AuNP) functionalized with octadecylamine ligands. Our GC-MS analyses identified 6 volatile organic compounds that showed statistically significant differences between the cancer patients and the controls group. These compounds were different from those identified in previous studied performed on other populations with high incidence rates of this malady, such as China (representative for Eastern Asia region) and Latvia (representative for Baltic States), attributable to lifestyle, alimentation and genetics differences. A classification model based on principal component analysis of our sensor data responses to the breath samples yielded 97% accuracy, 100% sensitivity and 93% specificity. Our results suggest a new and non-intrusive methodology for early diagnosis of gastric cancer that may be deployed in regions lacking well-developed health care systems as a prediagnosis test for selecting the patients that should undergo deeper investigations (e.g., endoscopy and biopsy).
ABSTRACT
Resumen Introducción El ángulo de fase se utiliza actualmente como indicador del estado nutricional de los adultos y marcador pronóstico de presencia y progresión de enfermedades crónicas, como las cardiovasculares. Objetivo Determinar la asociación entre el ángulo de fase y los indicadores de riesgo cardiovascular en estudiantes universitarios. Método: Estudio correlacional de corte transversal, en el que se evalúo a 30 estudiantes universitarios (edad 22.1 ± 2 años, peso 65.6 ± 10,3 kg) a través de IPAQ (versión corta), glucometría basal, composición corporal mediante bioimpedancia eléctrica con el instrumento Inbody® de referencia 770, fuerza prensil, batería de Bosco (Optogait®) y consumo de oxígeno indirecto (test de Leger). Resultados Se encontró una media de ángulo de fase de 6.4 ± 0.66, y se halló correlación moderada entre masa magra en tronco (0.68; p = 0.05), tasa metabólica basal (0.64; p = 0.009), nivel de fitness (0.71; p = 0.003), Counter Movement Jump (0.56; p = 0.028) y ángulo de fase. Las mujeres presentan correlación entre relación de cintura y cadera (r = 0.74; p = 0.034). Conclusiones El ángulo demostró ser un indicador predictor de riesgo cardiovascular en población adulta joven; además, permitió una visión más exacta de la predisposición y la potencialidad para padecer enfermedad cardiovascular.
Abstract Introduction The phase angle is currently used as an indicator of the nutritional status of adults and a prognostic marker of the presence and progression of chronic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases. Objective To determine the association between phase angle and cardiovascular risk indicators in university students. Method Correlational cross-sectional study. Thirty university students (age 22.1 ± 2 years, weight 65.6 ± 10.3 kg) were evaluated through IPAQ (short version), baseline glucometry, body composition using electrical bioimpedance with the Inbody® reference instrument 770, prehensile force, Bosco battery (Optogait®), indirect oxygen consumption (Leger test). Results A mean phase angle 6.4 ± 0.66 was found, with a moderate correlation between lean trunk mass (0.68; p =0.05), basal metabolic rate (0.64; p = 0.009), fitness level (0.71; p = 0.003), Counter Movement Jump (0.56; p = 0.028) and phase angle. Women have a correlation between waist and hip ratio (r = 0.74; p = 0.034). Conclusions The angle proved to be a predictive indicator of cardiovascular risk in young adult population, also allowed a more accurate view of the predisposition and potential for cardiovascular disease.
ABSTRACT
Purpose: This in vitro study aimed to evaluate the influence of dentin conditioning with polyacrylic acid on the shear bond strength of the nano-filled resin-modified glass ionomer cement Ketac N100 (3MESPE). Material and methods: Eighteen bovine incisors were randomly divided into two groups (n=18): group 1, without dentin surface treatment, and group 2, with dentin surface treated with 10% polyacrylic acid for 15 seconds. In both groups the primer was applied before the application of the nano-filled resin-modified glass ionomer cement (Ketac N100) and light-cured for 20 seconds. After 24 hours, the specimens were submitted to thermocycling for 350 cycles, and the teeth were immersed in distilled water at room temperature. After 24 hours, specimens were tested for shear bond strength at 1mm/minute crosshead speed. The collected data were analyzed using the non-parametric test of Mann Whitney (p<0.05). Results: There was a significant difference in shear bond strength values between the treatment and control groups, the group with dentin conditioning with 10% polyacrylic acid showed higher shear strength values than the group without dentin treatment. Conclusion: Application of 10% polyacrylic acid on dentin increases the shear bond strength values of nano-filled resin-modified glass ionomer cement.
Este estudio in vitrotuvo como objetivo evaluar la influencia del acondicionamiento de la dentina con ácido poliacrílico sobre la resistencia al cizallamiento del cemento de ionómero de vidrio modificado con resina con tecnología de nano relleno Ketac N100 (3MESPE). Material y Métodos: Dieciocho incisivos bovinos se dividieron aleatoriamente en dos grupos (n = 18): el grupo 1, sin tratamiento de la superficie dentinaria, y el grupo 2, con la superficie dentinaria tratada con ácido poliacrílico al 10% durante 15 segundos. En ambos grupos, el Primer se aplicó antes de la aplicación del cemento de ionómero devidrio modificado con resina con tecnología de nano relleno (Ketac N100) y se fotopolimerizó durante 20 segundos. Después de 24 horas, las muestras se sometieron a 350 ciclos de termociclado y los dientes se sumergieron en agua destilada a temperatura ambiente. Después de 24 horas, las muestras se evaluaron para determinar la resistencia al cizallamiento a una velocidad constante de 1 mm / minuto. Los datos recolectados fueron analizados mediante la prueba no paramétrica de Mann Whitney (p<0.05). Resultados: Hubo una diferencia significativa en los valores de resistencia al cizallamiento entre los grupos de tratamiento y control, el grupo con acondicionamiento de dentina con ácido poliacrílico al 10% mostró valores de resistencia al cizallamiento más altos que el grupo sin tratamiento de la dentina. Conclusión: La aplicación de ácido poliacrílico al 10% sobre la dentina aumenta los valores de resistencia al cizallamiento del cemento de ionómero de vidrio modificado con resina con tecnología de nano relleno.
Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Composite Resins/chemistry , Shear Strength , Dentin/radiation effects , Temperature , In Vitro Techniques , Dental Cements , Dental Stress Analysis , Glass Ionomer CementsABSTRACT
El estudio presenta una lista comentada de especies de peces registradas en la cuenca del río Aguaytía. Son consideradas las colectas de diferentes años y estaciones climáticas entre 1942 y 2009. Es el primer inventario de los peces para esta cuenca, la cual es importante para el Parque Nacional Cordillera Azul. La metodología empleada para la recolección de las muestras incluyó principalmente colectas activas con redes de arrastre de 10x3 m y de 5x2 m y 6 mm de malla. La fijación y preservación de las muestras se realizo con formol al 10% y de etanol al 70%, respectivamente. Las muestras se encuentran en la Colección Ictiológica (MUSM) del Museo de Historia Natural de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Fueron analizados 9917 ejemplares y registradas un total de 211 especies agrupadas en 28 familias y nueve órdenes
An annotated species fish list recorded in the Aguaytía River basin is presented. Fishes were collected between 1942 and 2009 in different years and seasons. This is the first inventories in Aguaytía river Basin, and for the Cordillera Azúl National Park. Fishes were mainly collected using seines of 10x3 m and of 5x2 m and 6 mm mesh. For fixation and preservation of samples were used 10% formaldehyde solution and 70% ethanol, respectively. Samples are in the Ichthyological Collection (MUSM) of the Museum of Natural History of San Marcos University. We analized 9917 specimens and recorded a total of 211 species of 28 families and nine orders