Pomegranate natural extract Pomanox® positively modulates skin health-related parameters in normal and UV-induced photoaging conditions in Hs68 human fibroblast cells.

Skin photoaging is primarily caused by ultraviolet radiation and can lead to the degradation of skin extracellular matrix components, resulting in hyperpigmentation and skin elasticity loss. In this area, polyphenols have become of great interest because of their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiaging properties. Here, we evaluated the effects of the pomegranate natural extract Pomanox® on skin health-related parameters in normal and UV-induced photoaging conditions in human fibroblast Hs68 cells. Moreover, the inhibitory effects of Pomanox® on tyrosinase activity were assessed. In normal conditions, Pomanox® significantly modulated collagen and hyaluronic acid metabolisms. In UV-exposed cells, both preventive and regenerative treatments with Pomanox® positively modulated hyaluronic acid metabolism and decreased ROS levels. However, only the preventive treatment modulated collagen metabolism. Finally, Pomanox® showed a marked inhibitory capacity of tyrosinase activity (IC50 = 394.7 µg/mL). The modulation of skin health-related parameters exhibited by Pomanox® open a wide range of potential applications of this product.

Exploring the Relationship between Diamine Oxidase and Psychotropic Medications in Fibromyalgia Treatment, Finding No Reduction in Diamine Oxidase Levels and Activity except with Citalopram.

Background: Histamine intolerance manifests when there is an imbalance between the production of histamine and the body's capacity to metabolise it. Within the gastrointestinal tract, diamine oxidase (DAO) plays a pivotal role in breaking down ingested histamine. Insufficient levels of DAO have been linked to various diseases affecting the respiratory, cardiovascular, nervous, muscular, and digestive systems; some of these symptoms are evidenced in fibromyalgia syndrome. This underscores the crucial role of DAO in maintaining the histamine balance and highlights its association with diverse physiological systems and health conditions. The management of fibromyalgia commonly involves the use of psychotropic medications; however, their potential interactions with DAO remain not fully elucidated. Methods: This study delved into the influence of various psychotropic medications on DAO activity through in vitro experiments. Additionally, we explored their impact on the human intestinal cell line Caco-2, examining alterations in DAO expression at both the mRNA and protein levels along with DAO activity. Results: Notably, the examined drugs-sertraline, pregabalin, paroxetine, alprazolam, and lorazepam-did not exhibit inhibitory effects on DAO activity or lead to reductions in DAO levels. In contrast, citalopram demonstrated a decrease in DAO activity in in vitro assays without influencing DAO levels and activity in human enterocytes. Conclusions: These findings imply that a collaborative approach involving psychotropic medications and DAO enzyme supplementation for individuals with fibromyalgia and a DAO deficiency could offer potential benefits for healthcare professionals in their routine clinical practice.

Interaction of Diamine Oxidase with Psychostimulant Drugs for ADHD Management.

Histamine intolerance occurs when there is an imbalance between histamine production and the capacity for histamine degradation. Diamine oxidase (DAO) is the main enzyme for the catabolism of ingested histamine degradation in the gastrointestinal tract and its deficiency has been linked to allergy-like symptoms. Psychostimulant drugs are commonly used to treat Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), but their interaction with DAO is not well characterized. In this work, we evaluated the effects of psychostimulant drugs (methylphenidate and lisdexamfetamine) on in vitro DAO activity and in the human cell line of enterocytes (Caco-2), evaluating DAO expression (mRNA and protein) and DAO activity. Methylphenidate and lisdexamfetamine did not repress the in vitro DAO activity. In addition, in Caco-2 cells, lisdexamfetamine promoted a strong upregulation of DAO mRNA levels, whereas methylphenidate tended to induce DAO activity. To sum up, methylphenidate and lisdexamfetamine treatments do not reduce DAO activity. These findings could be useful for physicians prescribing these two drugs to ADHD patients affected by DAO deficiency.

Diamine Oxidase Interactions with Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Migraine Medicines in the Treatment of Migraine.

Histamine intolerance arises when there is a disparity between the production of histamine and the body's ability to break it down. In the gastrointestinal tract, the primary enzyme responsible for metabolizing ingested histamine is diamine oxidase (DAO), and a shortage of this enzyme has been associated with some diseases related to the respiratory, cardiovascular, nervous, muscular, and digestive systems, in addition to migraines. The treatment of migraines typically revolves around the utilization of both anti-migraine and anti-inflammatory drugs, but their interaction with DAO is not thoroughly understood. In this study, we examined the impact of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and anti-migraine medications on DAO activity through in vitro experiments. We also investigated their effects on the human intestinal cell line Caco-2, assessing changes in DAO expression (both at the mRNA and protein levels) as well as DAO activity. The tested drugs, including ibuprofen, acetylsalicylic acid, paracetamol, a combination of acetylsalicylic acid with paracetamol and caffeine, zolmitriptan, and sumatriptan, did not inhibit DAO activity or reduce their levels. However, naproxen reduced DAO protein levels in human enterocyte cultures while not affecting DAO activity. These results suggest that combining anti-inflammatory and anti-migraine drugs with DAO enzyme supplementation for migraine patients with DAO deficiency could be beneficial for healthcare professionals in their daily practice.

Potential therapeutic implications of histidine catabolism by the gut microbiota in NAFLD patients with morbid obesity.

The gut microbiota contributes to the pathophysiology of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Histidine is a key energy source for the microbiota, scavenging it from the host. Its role in NAFLD is poorly known. Plasma metabolomics, liver transcriptomics, and fecal metagenomics were performed in three human cohorts coupled with hepatocyte, rodent, and Drosophila models. Machine learning analyses identified plasma histidine as being strongly inversely associated with steatosis and linked to a hepatic transcriptomic signature involved in insulin signaling, inflammation, and trace amine-associated receptor 1. Circulating histidine was inversely associated with Proteobacteria and positively with bacteria lacking the histidine utilization (Hut) system. Histidine supplementation improved NAFLD in different animal models (diet-induced NAFLD in mouse and flies, ob/ob mouse, and ovariectomized rats) and reduced de novo lipogenesis. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) from low-histidine donors and mono-colonization of germ-free flies with Enterobacter cloacae increased triglyceride accumulation and reduced histidine content. The interplay among microbiota, histidine catabolism, and NAFLD opens therapeutic opportunities.