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1.
Nutr Hosp ; 17(3): 168-74, 2002.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12149817

ABSTRACT

UNLABELLED: Elderly patients suffering from dysphagia, institutionalised either in hospital or nursing homes, have been studied. Etiology, characteristics and complications of dysphagia were studied as well as the most frequently used strategies to improve the management of swallowing disorders. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A retrospective study of the complications of dysphagia found during the last 4 years in our hospital were conducted in addition to a cross-sectional study of the techniques used to manage dysphagia. A postal questionnaire was sent to all the registered nursing homes in the Valencian Community. RESULTS: Inhospital patients: 58% of physicians estimated that no less than 20% of patients under their care presented dysphagia. 13% of the total number of hospital diets were specific for swallowing disorders. All the patients suffering from dysphagia used a liquid thickener. Nursing Homes residents: 107 questionnaires were returned. This represents 7057 residents of which 3.6% were suffering from dysphagia. 54% of nursing homes have a specific diet for the management of dysphagia, 51% used nasogastric feeding and 30% consider PEG. The most frequent complications were 75% lung aspirations, 39% dehydration, 32% malnourishment and 31% pneumonia. CONCLUSIONS: Dysphagia is an important problem in elderly people. In our hospital there is a correct use of a dysphagia diet but it could be more widespread and further measures should be taken. Complications are frequent but are not correctly documented in the medical records. Nursing home residents have frequent and important complications when suffering dysphagia. Interventions towards a better management of dysphagia should be recommended and implemented.


Subject(s)
Deglutition Disorders/diet therapy , Institutionalization , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Comorbidity , Deglutition Disorders/complications , Deglutition Disorders/epidemiology , Deglutition Disorders/etiology , Dehydration/epidemiology , Diet , Enteral Nutrition/statistics & numerical data , Female , Food Service, Hospital , Hospitalization , Humans , Intubation, Gastrointestinal/statistics & numerical data , Male , Nursing Homes , Nutrition Disorders/epidemiology , Nutrition Disorders/prevention & control , Pneumonia, Aspiration/epidemiology , Pneumonia, Aspiration/etiology , Retrospective Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires
2.
Nutr Hosp ; 15(6): 280-90, 2000.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11216096

ABSTRACT

Dementia is an organic brain disease. The most frequent type of dementia is Alzheimer's and it affects mostly elderly people. Due to the increase in life expectancy and to the ageing of the population, Alzheimer's has recently become an area of research of interest. The eating behaviour and nutrition of elderly people has some special characteristics which become particularly relevant during illness. An Alzheimer's patient suffers a progressive decay in their functional and physical abilities, and these renders them at high nutritional risk. Prevention, rapid intervention and ensuring an adequate nutritional intake is essential in each of the dementia stages. This paper reviews the most important nutrients influencing the development or worsening of dementia and the guidelines for food intake throughout the disease.


Subject(s)
Alzheimer Disease/therapy , Nutritional Physiological Phenomena , Nutritional Requirements , Alzheimer Disease/diagnosis , Alzheimer Disease/physiopathology , Diet Therapy , Disease Progression , Eating , Humans
3.
Nutr Hosp ; 19(3): 154-9, 2004.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15211724

ABSTRACT

UNLABELLED: Most of the patients diagnosed of Alzheimer's disease are still living at home with their relatives. It is important to know their clinical state, nutritional habits and attitudes toward their illness in order to improve their quality of life. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients who are members of the Valencia Association of Alzheimer's Disease Relatives, who live with their relatives. Data collected were: gender, staging of dementia, time since diagnosis, weight, nutritional habits, food consumption, dysphagia, complications presented and information received by relatives. RESULTS: 241 patients, 70% were female, mean age 76 years old, 52% of patients had the diagnosis given between 3-5 years ago, 48% suffer severe dementia (GDS > 6), Weight loss was found in 31% and 98% of patients maintain oral intake of food. A well balanced diet was present in 24% of patients and fluid intake higher than 4 glasses in 28%. Food processing was done at home in 91% of cases, of whom 40% were puree food, 26% presented dysphagia to liquids and 19% to solid food. Regarding caregivers: 5% has received no information related to Alzheimer's Disease, but 50% has no information related to nutrition. CONCLUSIONS: Almost all the patients received oral nutrition and despite of severity of dementia and dysphagia they are receiving a quite well balanced diet. Fluid intake is generally poor and many patients are loosing weight, other complications are not very relevant. There is an important lack of information related to the nutritional bases of these patients and to how food processing can be improved as the disease progresses.


Subject(s)
Alzheimer Disease/therapy , Nutritional Physiological Phenomena , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Home Nursing , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Surveys and Questionnaires
4.
Nutr Hosp ; 15(2): 79-83, 2000.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10846898

ABSTRACT

Elderly institutionalised patients are at risk from the nutritional point of view. This fact is even more important in those with swallowing difficulties. To avoid the immediate consequences an inadequate nutrition has in older people's quality of life and prognosis is vital to achieve an adequate diet with a strict control of their food and fluid intake.


Subject(s)
Deglutition Disorders , Diet , Age Factors , Aged , Food , Humans , Institutionalization , Prospective Studies
5.
Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor ; Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor;18(2): 98-117, mar.-abr. 2011.
Article in Spanish | IBECS (Spain) | ID: ibc-126804

ABSTRACT

En muchas ocasiones, los pacientes con cáncer no expresan su dolor por miedo a que el médico desvíe su atención hacia este síntoma, en lugar de centrarse en el tratamiento de su enfermedad principal. No obstante, el paciente debe saber que el tratamiento de su dolor no solo no interfiere con la terapia curativa, sino que colabora con ella. Entre los enfermos, es habitual el temor a que el avance de la enfermedad les lleve a situaciones de sufrimiento insostenible que supere todas las posibilidades médicas, pero es nuestro deber ayudarles a ser conscientes de que la medicina ofrece un abanico de terapias capaces de aliviar su dolor y evitar su sufrimiento. Este conocimiento es esencial para aumentar su confianza en el tratamiento y mejorar la relación médico-paciente. Frente a este desafío, SECPAL (Sociedad Española de Cuidados Paliativos), SED (Sociedad Española del Dolor), SEOM (Sociedad Española de Oncología Médica) y SEOR (Sociedad Española de Oncología Radioterápica) unen sus esfuerzos y crean ALIADO (Alianza Contra el Dolor Oncológico), un grupo de trabajo interdisciplinario que nace con el objetivo de concienciar e implicar a todo el colectivo médico en la necesidad de mejorar la calidad de vida del paciente con dolor oncológico. La primera iniciativa de ALIADO en este sentido es la elaboración del Código de buena praxis para el tratamiento del dolor oncológico, que pretende contribuir al avance en el conocimiento y el manejo de estos pacientes (AU)


Patients with cancer often fail to talk about their pain fearing that their doctor might draw his or her attention to that symptom rather than focus on the management of their underlying disease. However, patients should know that pain management will not interfere with their curative therapy but will supplement it. Fear that the advancing disease will lead to unbearable suffering situations beyond medical possibilities is common among patients, and it is our duty to help them become aware tha medicine offers a number of therapies that actually can suppress pain and relieve suffering. This awareness is key to increase trust in therapy and improve doctor-patient relationships. Facing this challenge SECPAL (Sociedad Española de Cuidados Paliativos), SED (Sociedad Española del Dolor), SEOM (Sociedad Española de Oncología Médica), and SEOR (Sociedad Española de Oncología Radioterápica) unite in a joint venture to create ALIADO (Alianza Contra el Dolor Oncológico), an interdisciplinary work team emerging with the goal of raising awareness and involvement among health providers regarding the need for quality of life improvement in cancer patients with pain. In this respect, ALIADO's first initiative is the development of a good practice code for the management of cancer pain in an attempt to contribute to the further understanding and management of these patients (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Chronic Pain/drug therapy , Pain Management/ethics , Neoplasms/complications , Analgesics, Opioid/therapeutic use , Fentanyl/therapeutic use , Analgesia/methods , Physician-Patient Relations/ethics
6.
Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor ; Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor;11(4): 184-196, mayo 2004. tab, graf
Article in Es | IBECS (Spain) | ID: ibc-33986

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Se denomina dolor irruptivo o episódico a la crisis dolorosa de intensidad elevada y aparición brusca que se instaura sobre un dolor crónico de base controlado con opioides. El citrato de fentanilo oral transmucosa (CFOT) es un fármaco recientemente introducido en nuestro país, que ha sido específicamente desarrollado para el tratamiento de este tipo de dolor. Tras su comercialización en el año 2001, se planteó la realización de un estudio observacional post-autorización con el objetivo de evaluar la seguridad y tolerabilidad del mismo. Adicionalmente se planteó la obtención de datos de efectividad del CFOT y la comparación de los mismos con los obtenidos hasta la visita basal para otros tratamientos administrados, distintos a CFOT. Métodos: Para el estudio se reclutaron 312 pacientes oncológicos, con dolor de base controlado con opioides, que presentaban crisis de dolor irruptivo y fueron seguidos durante un mes, realizándose visitas de control semanales. Doscientos noventa y cinco pacientes fueron válidos para el estudio de la seguridad y tolerabilidad de CFOT (población de seguridad). Por otra parte, 138 pacientes fueron evaluados para efectividad, ya que cumplían los criterios de inclusión y exclusión del estudio y les habían sido administrados tratamientos distintos a CFOT antes de la visita basal. Se determinaron las siguientes variables: disminución de la intensidad del dolor tras la administración del tratamiento mediante una escala visual analógica (EVA) de 0 a 10 puntos, el tiempo transcurrido hasta que se producía el inicio del alivio del dolor y el alivio máximo tras el tratamiento administrado. Resultados: Seguridad: de los 295 pacientes evaluados, 59 (20 por ciento) presentaron alguna reacción adversa. Todas ellas fueron de intensidad leve o moderada. No se notificó ninguna reacción adversa grave durante el desarrollo del estudio. Las reacciones más frecuentemente descritas fueron las de origen gastrointestinal, seguidas de alteraciones del SNC (somnolencia, alucinaciones, desorientación y mareo), todas ellas propias del tratamiento con opioides. Efectividad: tras la administración de CFOT en la visita final (ñ 30 días), el tiempo transcurrido hasta el inicio del alivio del dolor fue significativamente menor que el transcurrido tras la administración de otros tratamientos distintos a CFOT antes de la visita basal (12,1 ñ12,9 minutos vs 29,4ñ18,1 minutos respectivamente; p< 0,001). Así mismo, la disminución de la intensidad del dolor irruptivo (DID) tras el tratamiento fue significativamente mayor tras el tratamiento con CFOT evaluado en la visita final, en comparación con la obtenida tras la administración de otros tratamientos distintos a CFOT hasta la visita basal (CFOT: DID= -4,9ñ1,7; vs tratamientos distintos a CFOT: DID= -4,4ñ1,6; -p=0,004-).Conclusiones: Este estudio observacional ha permitido corroborar que CFOT presenta un buen perfil de seguridad, comparable al de otros analgésicos opioides. Adicionalmente, los datos de efectividad obtenidos, pioneros en nuestro entorno, han permitido constatar que CFOT es un fármaco capaz de disminuir, de forma significativamente más rápida, eficaz y específica el dolor irruptivo que padecen los pacientes oncológicos, que otros tratamientos previamente usados por estos pacientes (AU)


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Male , Middle Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Humans , Analgesics, Opioid/administration & dosage , Pain/drug therapy , Pain/etiology , Fentanyl/administration & dosage , Neoplasms/complications , Spain , Pain Measurement , Treatment Outcome
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