[Value of three-dimensional speckle-tracking imaging in evaluating left ventricular systolic function and its correlation with peripheral arterial elasticity in children with simple obesity: a prospective study]. / ä¸‰ç»´æ–‘ç‚¹è¿½è¸ªæˆåƒæŠ€æœ¯å¯¹å•çº¯æ€§è‚¥èƒ–å„¿ç«¥å·¦å¿ƒå®¤æ”¶ç¼©åŠŸèƒ½çš„è¯„ä»·åŠå ¶ä¸Žå¤–å‘¨åŠ¨è„‰å¼¹æ€§ç›¸å ³æ€§çš„å‰çž»æ€§ç ”ç©¶.

OBJECTIVES: To study the application of three-dimensional speckle-tracking imaging in evaluating left ventricular systolic function and its correlation with peripheral arterial elasticity in children with simple obesity. METHODS: Random sampling combined with convenience sampling was used to obtain research samples, and then the samples were divided into an obesity group (23 cases), an overweight group (21 cases), and a normal group (24 cases). Three-dimensional speckle-tracking imaging was used to measure the global longitudinal strain (GLS), global radial strain (GRS), and global circumferential strain (GCS) of the left ventricle. An automatic arteriosclerosis tester was used to measure ankle-brachial index (ABI) and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV). These parameters were compared among the three groups. The correlation of three-dimensional speckle-tracking parameters with ABI and baPWV was evaluated. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in GLS, GRS, and GCS between the obesity and normal groups (P>0.05). The overweight group had a significantly higher GLS than the normal group [(-24±7) vs (-19±12), P<0.05]. The obesity and overweight groups had a significantly lower ABI than the normal group [(1.00±0.09)/(1.09±0.13) vs (2.25±0.13), P<0.05). The obesity group had a significantly higher baPWV than the normal group [(978±109) vs (905±22), P<0.05]. In the children with obesity, GLS was positively correlated with baPWV (r=0.516, P<0.05) , but not correlated with ABI (P>0.05), and GCS and GRS had no significant correlation with ABI or baPWV (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: There are varying degrees of changes in left ventricular systolic function and peripheral arterial elasticity in children with simple obesity, and there is a certain correlation between them.

Purine-rich element binding protein B attenuates the coactivator function of myocardin by a novel molecular mechanism of smooth muscle gene repression.

Myocardin is a potent transcriptional coactivator protein, which functions as the master regulator of vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation. The cofactor activity of myocardin is mediated by its physical interaction with serum response factor, a ubiquitously expressed transactivator that binds to CArG boxes in genes encoding smooth muscle-restricted proteins. Purine-rich element binding protein B (Purß) represses the transcription of the smooth muscle α-actin gene (Acta2) in fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells by interacting with single-stranded DNA sequences flanking two 5' CArG boxes in the Acta2 promoter. In this study, the ability of Purß to modulate the cofactor activity of myocardin was investigated using a combination of cellular and biochemical approaches. Results of smooth muscle gene promoter-reporter assays indicated that Purß specifically inhibits the coactivator function of myocardin in a manner requiring the presence of all three single-stranded DNA binding domains in the Purß homodimer. DNA binding analyses demonstrated that Purß interacts with CArG-containing DNA elements with a much lower affinity compared to other purine-rich target sequences present in the Acta2 promoter. Co-immunoprecipitation and DNA pull-down assays revealed that Purß associates with myocardin and serum response factor when free or bound to duplex DNA containing one or more CArG boxes. Functional analysis of engineered Purß point mutants identified several amino acid residues essential for suppression of myocardin activity. Collectively, these findings suggest an inhibitory mechanism involving direct protein-protein interaction between the homodimeric Purß repressor and the myocardin-serum response factor-CArG complex.

Primary cardiac lymphoma: the management and outcome of a single-centre cohort of 22 patients.

BACKGROUND: The incidence of primary cardiac lymphoma (PCL) is increasing, but the optimal management approach remains unclear. We assessed the clinical characteristics of a single-centre cohort with the goal of determining the optimal management approach. The treatment outcomes and prognostic factors are reported. MATERIAL AND METHODS: All PCL patients were diagnosed via biopsy guided by whole-body imaging (positron emission tomography/computed tomography [PET/CT] and/or contrast-enhanced CT]. Curative therapy involved either surgery or prephase steroids followed by definitive immunochemotherapy, depending on the histological type. The primary outcomes were overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS); the secondary outcome was the treatment response. RESULTS: Twenty-two PCL patients (14 males, 8 females; age: 59.5 ± 14.7 years [mean ± S.D.]) were histologically confirmed to have diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL; n = 17 [77.3%]), fibrin-associated DLBCL (FA-DLBCL) (n = 4 [18.2%]) and Burkitt lymphoma (n = 1 [4.5%]). Seven patients underwent cardiotomy (three for biopsy, four with curative intent). The median and longest follow-up periods were 16.3 and 180.0 months, respectively. The 16 patients who received curative therapy (complete response [CR], n = 15 [93.8%]; partial response [PR], n = 1 [6.2%]) showed better survival than those who did not (5-year OS: 83.0 ± 11.3% vs. 0%; hazard ratio [HR]: 0.025[95% confidence interval, CI: 0.003-0.187], p < 0.001); 5-year PFS: 78.7 ± 11.0% vs. 0%, HR= 0.010[0.001-0.093], p < 0.001). The left ventricular ejection fractions (LVEF) before and after definitive treatment was 63.6 ± 2.4% and 64.6 ± 4.5%, respectively (p = 0.275, power = 0.318). Extrapericardial lesions were associated with poorer survival (5-year OS: 40.0 ± 29.7% vs. 100%, p = 0.027; 5-year PFS:40.0 ± 21.9% vs. 100%, p = 0.010). CONCLUSIONS: Whole-body imaging is essential for diagnosis and prognosis. Curative therapy provided reasonable outcomes and survival; extrapericardial lesions were associated with a poorer treatment response.

FDG-PET/CT of invasive thymoma extending into the superior vena cava and right atrium.

We present FDG PET/CT findings of a rare case of invasive thymoma with intraluminal growth into the superior vena cava (SVC) and right atrium (RA).

Preparation and evaluation of curcumin-loaded self-assembled micelles.

OBJECTIVE: Curcumin being used to treat various chronic diseases while its poor bioavailability issue limited its wide clinical application as a therapeutic agent. The aim of this work was to prepare curcumin-loaded self-assembled micelles using soluplus and solutol®HS15 (SSCMs) to enhance curcumin's solubility and thus oral bioavailability. METHODS: Optimum formulation was investigated and the optimized ratio of drugs and excipients was obtained and the SSCMs were prepared via ethanol solvent evaporation method. The optimal SSCMs were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, drug content analysis including loading efficiency (LE%) and entrapment efficiency (EE%), and the cumulative amount of curcumin released from the micelles were all calculated using HPLC method. The in vitro cytotoxicity and the permeability of SSCMs were measured by Caco-2 cell monolayers and the oral bioavailability was evaluated by SD rats. KEY FINDINGS: The solubility of curcumin in self-assembled micelles was dramatically increased by 4200 times as compared to free curcumin. Caco-2 cells transport experiment exhibited that while soluplus and solutol®HS15 were self-assembled into micelles, it could not only promote the permeability of curcumin across membrane for better absorption, but also could restrain the curcumin pumped outside due to the role of P-gp efflux mechanism of soluplus and solutol®HS15. Furthermore, the prepared SSCMs formulation was almost nontoxic and had safety performance on Caco-2 cells model. Moreover, curcumin's oral bioavailability of SSCMs formulation in SD rats had doubled than that of free curcumin. CONCLUSIONS: The prepared SSCMs were characterized by PS, PDI, LE%, EE% data analysis. After the soluplus and solutol®HS15 were self assembled into micelles, both the solubility and membrane permeability of curcumin were evaluated to have been enhanced, as well as the effect of efflux pump of curcumin was inhibited, hence to promote oral absorption and generate an increased bioavailability.

Preparation methods prior to PET/CT scanning that decrease uptake of 18F-FDG by myocardium, brown adipose tissue, and skeletal muscle.

BACKGROUND: The hypermetabolic environment of the myocardium, brown adipose tissue (BAT), and muscle will have an effect on the diagnostic accuracy of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron-emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT). A low carbohydrate, high fat, and protein-permitted diet before PET/CT scanning can reduce the degree of 18F-FDG uptake by the myocardium, brown adipose tissue, and skeletal muscle. PURPOSE: To determine the effect of a low carbohydrate, high fat and protein-permitted diet on 18F-FDG uptake by myocardium, BAT, and muscle during PET/CT. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 126 patients who adhered to two meals before PET/CT scanning (that were prepared using a low carbohydrate, high fat, and protein-permitted diet), i.e. the diet group, were compared with 126 patients who fasted for at least 12 h prior to scanning (i.e. the fasting group). The degree of 18F-FDG uptake within the myocardium, BAT, and muscle were stratified into four grades (range, 0-3) with 0 for negligible uptake, and 3 for intense uptake. Correlations between the diet and fasting groups with respect to degree of 18F-FDG uptake within the myocardium, BAT, and muscle were analyzed. RESULTS: The degree of 18F-FDG uptake within the myocardium, BAT, and muscle in the diet group was significantly lower compared with the 18F-FDG uptake within myocardium, BAT, and muscle in the fasting group (P < 0.001, P = 0.001, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: A low carbohydrate/high fat diet before 18F-FDG injection can suppress uptake of 18F-FDG within the myocardium, BAT, and skeletal muscle.

The T Allele of rs8075977 in the 5'-Flanking Region of the PEDF Gene Is Associated with Reduced Risk of Coronary Artery Disease in Elderly Chinese Men.

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a multifactorial disease with a genetic component. Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) exerts anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-thrombotic, and anti-angiogenic effects and thus has received increasing attention as a sensitive biomarker of atherosclerosis and CAD. To explore the potential association between PEDF single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and CAD, we performed this case-control study of consecutive elderly Chinese Han male patients (n = 416) and age-matched male controls (n = 528) without a history of CAD or electrocardiographic signs of CAD. The enrolled CAD patients (age ≥ 60 years) are not biologically related. A tag approach was used to examine 100% of common variations in the PEDF gene (r2 ≥ 0.8, minor allele frequency > 0.1). PEDF tag SNPs (tSNPs) were selected using the HapMap Data-CHB which describes the common patterns of human DNA sequence variation and Tagger program. SNPs were genotyped using ligase detection reaction (LDR). Seven tSNPs (rs8075977, rs11658342, rs1136287, rs12603825, rs12453107, rs6828 and rs11078634) were selected. Among them, only one SNP, rs8075977 (C/T) located in the 5'-flanking region, showed the significant effect on the susceptibility to CAD. The frequency of its T allele was significantly higher in the controls (52.7%) than that in the CAD group (46.2%) (adjusted OR = 0.88, 95% CI: 0.80-0.96; P = 0.005). In conclusion, the T allele of rs8075977 in the 5'-flanking region of the PEDF gene may be protective for CAD. Conversely, the C allele at this variation site is associated with CAD in elderly Chinese Han men.

Corticosteroid Therapy Benefits Septic Mice With Adrenal Insufficiency But Harms Septic Mice Without Adrenal Insufficiency.

OBJECTIVES: Corticosteroid therapy is frequently used in septic patients given the rationale that there is an increased demand for corticosteroid in sepsis, and up to 60% of severe septic patients experience adrenal insufficiency. However, the efficacy of corticosteroid therapy and whether the therapy should be based on the results of adrenal function testing are highly controversial. The lack of an adrenal insufficiency animal model and our poor understanding of the pathogenesis caused by adrenal insufficiency present significant barriers to address this long-standing clinical issue. DESIGN: Prospective experimental study. SETTING: University laboratory. SUBJECTS: Scavenger receptor BI null and adrenal-specific scavenger receptor BI null mice. INTERVENTIONS: Sepsis was induced by cecal ligation and puncture. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Using scavenger receptor BI mice as the first relative adrenal insufficiency animal model, we found that corticosteroid therapy significantly improved the survival in cecal ligation and puncture-treated scavenger receptor BI mice but causes more septic death in wild-type mice. We identified a corticosteroid cocktail that provides effective protection 18 hours post cecal ligation and puncture; using adrenal-specific scavenger receptor BI mice as an inducible corticosteroid-deficient animal model, we found that inducible corticosteroid specifically suppresses interleukin-6 production without affecting tumor necrosis factor-α, nitric oxide, and interleukin-10 production. We further found that inducible corticosteroid does not induce peripheral lymphocyte apoptosis but promotes phagocytic activity of macrophages and neutrophils. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that corticosteroid treatment benefits mice with adrenal insufficiency but harms mice without adrenal insufficiency. This study also reveals that inducible corticosteroid has both immunosuppressive and immunopermissive properties, suppressing interleukin-6 production, promoting phagocytosis of immune effector cells, but not inducing peripheral lymphocyte apoptosis. These findings support our hypothesis that corticosteroid is an effective therapy for a subgroup of septic patients with adrenal insufficiency but harms septic patients without adrenal insufficiency and encourage further efforts to test this hypothesis in clinic.

(18)F-FDG PET/CT localized valvular infection in chronic Q fever endocarditis.

Delayed diagnosis in chronic Q fever endocarditis is fairly common world wide, we present a case where FDG-PET/CT correctly identified the infected valve, showing promise in management.

[Radiosynthesis and preliminary evaluation of 5-([11C]methyloxy)-L-tryptophan as PET tumor imaging].

The PET tracer 5-([11C]methyloxy)-L-tryptophan (5-(11)CMTP) was prepared by nucleophilic fluorination and alkylation reaction via a two-step procedure in order to develop specific tumor probe. The biodistribution and microPET imaging of 5-(11)CMTP were executed. The results unveiled that the overall radiochemical yield with no decay correction was (14.6 ±7.2) %, the radiochemical purity was more than 95% and high uptake and long retention time of 5-(11)CMTP in liver, kidney and blood were observed but low uptake in brain and muscle were found, furthermore, high uptake of 5-(11)CMTP in tumor tissue was observed. It seems that 5-(11)CMTP will be a potential amino acid tracer for tumors imaging with PET.

Morphological variability and molecular characterisation of Dichelyne (Cucullanellus) pleuronectidis (Yamaguti, 1935) (Ascaridida: Cucullanidae) from the flatfish Pleuronichthys cornutus (Temminck & Schlegel) (Pleuronectiformes: Pleuronectidae) in the East China Sea.

Cucullanid nematodes identified morphologically as Dichelyne (Cucullanellus) pleuronectidis (Yamaguti, 1935) were collected from the ridged-eye flounder Pleuronichthys cornutus (Temminck & Schlegel) (Pleuronectiformes: Pleuronectidae) in the East China Sea. Their examination using light microscopy and, for the first time, scanning electron microscopy, revealed several important, but previously unreported morphological features and the presence of remarkable morphological differences in the intestinal caecum and deirids among some individuals. Consequently, specimens of D. pleuronectidis were characterised using molecular methods by sequencing and analysing the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of the ribosomal DNA to test whether the present material with broad range of morphological variability, represents a complex of sibling species or a single species. The results of molecular analyses proved that the differences in the intestinal ceacum and deirids should be considered as intraspecific variation and that the nematode material collected from P. cornutus in the East China Sea represented a single species, D. pleuronectidis. These new morphological and genetic data contributed to an accurate diagnosis of this hitherto insufficiently known nematode and also indicated that a more rigorous study based on morphological and genetic data with broader representation of the Cucullanidae is required to assess whether the traditionally used diagnostic character of absence or presence of intestinal ceacum is of generic importance in distinguishing Dichelyne and Cucullanus.

[Pathogens in expressed prostatic secretion and their correlation with serum prostate specific antigen: analysis of 320 cases].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the pathogenic infection and its drug resistance in expressed prostatic secretion (EPS) and its correlation with serum PSA, and provide some evidence for the systematic and normalized diagnosis and treatment of prostatitis. METHODS: Three EPS swabs were collected from each of the 320 prostatis patients following measurement of the serum PSA level, 1 for bacterial culture and identification, 1 for detection of Mycoplasma and drug sensitivity, and the other for examination of Chlamydia trachomatis antigen by colloidal gold immunoblot. RESULTS: Totally 244 strains were isolated from the 320 EPS samples, including 188 bacterial strains (dominated by Staphylococcus and sensitive to vancomycin or linezolid) and 44 Mycoplasma and Chlamydia strains (mainly Ureaplasma urealyticum and susceptible to josamycin or doxycycline). The serum PSA level was significantly higher in the pathogen-positive than in the pathogen-negative group ([6.98 +/- 0.56] microg/L vs [2.32 +/- 0.12] microg/L, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Prostatitis may lead to the elevation of the serum PSA level and the pathogens involved vary in their resistance to different antibacterial spectrums. Therefore, appropriate and individualized antibiotic therapy should be selected according to etiological diagnosis and the results of drug sensitivity test.

Association between salt sensitivity of blood pressure and dietary habits in survey population: A case-control study.

BACKGROUND: Salt sensitivity of blood pressure (SSBP) is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and links dietary salt with blood pressure. However, the study on the relationship between SSBP and dietary habits is rare. This study investigated the relationship between diet and SSBP in different blood pressure statues. METHODS: 1,459 subjects were assigned into four groups based on a case (hypertension)-control (normotension) study of SSBP and hypertension: 561 Salt-sensitive hypertension (SSH) and 235 non-salt-sensitive hypertension (NSSH) and 424 salt-sensitive normotension (SSN) and 239 non-salt-sensitive normotension (NSSN). Foods information of weekly or daily intakes were recalled. SSBP was tested with the modified salt stress test and was diagnosed with the Sullivan criteria. RESULTS: Compared with the NSSH and SSN groups, SSH group have lower intake of fresh fruits (both P<0.05). Furthermore, NSSN group have the lowest intake of red meat, and bacon (P<0.05). SSH group have the lowest intake of fresh vegetables (P<0.05). SSN group have the highest intake of eggs, dairy products, white meat (all P<0.05). In hypertensive patients, staple food (OR=0.37, 95%CI: 0.10-0.64) was associated with decreased risk of salt sensitivity. In normotensive subjects, white meat (OR=0.28, 95%CI: 0.14-0.43) was associated with reduced risk of salt sensitivity, bacon (OR=5.39, 95%CI: 2.11-8.67) and dairy products (OR=4.22, 95%CI: 1.82-6.56) and red meat (OR=2.95, 95%CI: 1.15-4.84) were associated with elevated risk of salt sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS: Dietary habits play an important role in SSBP and the role varies with blood pressure especially among population.

Structural basis of multisite single-stranded DNA recognition and ACTA2 repression by purine-rich element binding protein B (Purß).

A hallmark of dysfunctional fibroblast to myofibroblast differentiation associated with fibrotic disorders is persistent expression of ACTA2, the gene encoding the cyto-contractile protein smooth muscle α-actin. In this study, a PURB-specific gene knockdown approach was used in conjunction with biochemical analyses of protein subdomain structure and function to reveal the mechanism by which purine-rich element binding protein B (Purß) restricts ACTA2 expression in mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEFs). Consistent with the hypothesized role of Purß as a suppressor of myofibroblast differentiation, stable short hairpin RNA-mediated knockdown of Purß in cultured MEFs promoted changes in cell morphology, actin isoform expression, and cell migration indicative of conversion to a myofibroblast-like phenotype. Promoter-reporter assays in transfected Purß knockdown MEFs confirmed that these changes were attributable, in part, to derepression of ACTA2 transcription. To map the domains in Purß responsible for ACTA2 repression, several recombinant truncation mutants were generated and analyzed based on hypothetical, computationally derived models of the tertiary and quaternary structure of Purß. Discrete subdomains mediating sequence- and strand-specific cis-element binding, protein-protein interaction, and inhibition of a composite ACTA2 enhancer were identified using a combination of biochemical, biophysical, and cell-based assays. Our results indicate that the Purß homodimer possesses three separate but unequal single-stranded DNA-binding modules formed by subdomain-specific inter- and intramolecular interactions. This structural arrangement suggests that the cooperative assembly of the dimeric Purß repressor on the sense strand of the ACTA2 enhancer is dictated by the association of each subdomain with distinct purine-rich binding sites within the enhancer.

[Effect of needling at waiguan (SJ5) on brain glucose metabolism in patients with cerebral infarction].

OBJECTIVE: To observe changes of brain glucose metabolism by needling at Waiguan (SJ5) in cerebral infraction (CI) patients using 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron-emission computer tomography (PET/CT), thus exploring its effect and mechanisms. METHODS: A total of 21 patients with CI were recruited in this study. The location of lesion was limited to the left basal ganglia by CT or MRI scan. All patients were randomly assigned to three groups. i.e., the acupoint group (Group A), the non-acupoint group (Group B), the blank control group (Group C), 7 in each group. Patients in Group A were needled at right Waiguan (SJ5). Those in Group B were needled at non-acupoint [10 mm beside Waiguan (SJ5)], whereas those in Group C did not receive any treatment. All patients underwent PET/CT head scan. All data were statistically analyzed using SPSS 13.0 Software and SPM8 Software. RESULTS: Compared with Group C, glucose metabolism increased in bilateral superior temporal gyrus (BA38), right superior frontal gyrus (BA9), left cingulate gyrus (BA24), left culmen and pyramid of cerebellum, and right cerebellar tonsil of cerebellum in Group A. Compared with Group C, glucose metabolism increased in bilateral superior frontal gyrus (BA6, BA9, BA10), bilateral middle frontal gyrus (BA6, BA10), left middle frontal gyrus (BA4), bilateral uncus of limbic lobe (BA36, BA38), left cingulate gyrus (BA24, BA31), left posterior cingulate gyrus (BA30), left precuneus (BA7), left inferior parietal lobule (BA4), and left lingual gyrus of occipital lobe (BA18) in Group B. Compared with Group B, glucose metabolism increased in bilateral superior temporal gyrus (BA22, BA38), right inferior frontal gyrus (BA47), left culmen and cerebellar tonsil of cerebellum in Group A. Activated encephalic regions of needling at Waiguan (SJ5) were mainly dominated in the healthy side, bilateral superior temporal gyrus, and right inferior frontal gyrus. Activated encephalic regions of cerebellum were located at the left cerebellar hemisphere, left culmen of anterior cerebella lobe, and bilateral cerebellar tonsil of posterior cerebella lobe. CONCLUSIONS: Needling at Waiguan (SJ5) of CI patients induced increased glucose metabolism in local cerebral regions. Functional neuroimaging using PET/CT could directly reflect changes of brain glucose metabolism by acupuncture.

[Analysis of traditional and modern application of prepared decoction pieces of herbal medicine].

The paper described the rationality of traditional and modern application of prepared decoction pieces of herbal medicine on basis of application, statistics and comparison analysis of three forms of drugs of traditional Chinese herbal pieces prepared for decoction, prepared decoction pieces in small packing and granules; and illustrated different opinions correlative to the three forms of drugs; put forward the counter-measures and proposals for the problems facing the traditional Chinese herbal pieces for decoction; the paper stated clearly that the traditional Chinese herbal pieces for decoction should not be replaced, instead, the viewpoint and the reasons on its application must be holding on; and the trend of development and expectations of the Chinese herbal pieces for decoction were predicted as well.

[Adverse reaction induced by licorice preparations: clinical analysis of 93 cases].

Licorice is a traditional Chinese medicine commonly used in clinic. The products,what contain licorice or licorice extract, has early been involved in the field of cosmetics except for the field of pharmaceuticals and food. Consequently, the reporting on adverse reactions induced by licorice preparations are more frequent. Based on the clinical data of licorice preparations adverse reactions, we described the characteristics of the licorice-related adverse reactions, and proposed specific measures to reduce the incidence of adverse reactions, provided a reference for the rational use of licorice preparations.