Exercise improves the outcome of anticancer treatment with ultrasound-hyperthermia-enhanced nanochemotherapy and autophagy inhibitor.

It has been shown that exercise has a direct impact on tumor growth along with functional improvement. Previous studies have shown that exercise decreases the risk of cancer recurrence across various types of cancer. It was indicated that exercise stimulates the immune system to fight cancer. Previous study demonstrated that pulsed-wave ultrasound hyperthermia (pUH) combined with PEGylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD) and chloroquine (CQ) inhibits 4T1 tumors growth and delays their recurrence. In this study, we investigated if the combinatorial treatment with high-intensity interval training (HIIT) combined with pUH-enhanced PLD delivery and CQ improved the outcome. The mouse experiment composed of three groups, HIIT+PLD+pUH+CQ group, PLD+pUH+CQ group, and the control group. HIIT+PLD+pUH+CQ group received 6 weeks of HIIT (15 min per day, 5 days per week) before 4T1 tumor implantation. Seven days later, they received therapy with PLD (10 mg/kg) + pUH (3 MHz, 50% duty cycle, 0.65 W/cm2, 15min) + CQ (50 mg/kg daily). Results showed that HIIT+PLD+pUH+CQ significantly reduced the tumor volumes and brought about longer survival of tumor-bearing mice than PLD+pUH+CQ did. Blood cell components were analyzed and showed that neutrophil and reticulocytes decreased while lymphocytes increased after exercise.

External suction versus water seal after selective pulmonary resection for lung neoplasm: a systematic review.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether external suction is more advantageous than water seal in patients undergoing selective pulmonary resection (SPR) for lung neoplasm. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Whether external suction should be routinely applied in postoperative chest drainage is still unclear, particularly for lung neoplasm patients. To most surgeons, the decision is based on their clinical experience. METHODS: Randomized control trials were selected. The participants were patients undergoing SPR with lung neoplasm. Lung volume reduction surgery and pneumothorax were excluded. Suction versus non-suction for the intervention. The primary outcome was the incidence of persistent air leak (PAL). The definition of PAL was air leak for more than 3-7 days. The secondary outcomes included air leak duration, time of drainage, postoperative hospital stay and the incidence of postoperative pneumothorax. Studies were identified from literature collections through screening. Bias was analyzed and meta-analysis was used. RESULTS: From the 1824 potentially relevant trials, 6 randomized control trials involving 676 patients were included. There was no difference between external suction and water seal in decreasing the incidence of PAL [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.81-2.16; z = 1.10; P = 0.27]. Regarding secondary outcomes, there were no differences in time of drainage (95% CI-0.36-1.56, P = 0.22), postoperative hospital stay (95% CI -.31-.54, P = 0.87) or incidence of postoperative pneumothorax (95% CI 0.18-.02, P = 0.05) between external suction and water seal. CONCLUSIONS: For participants, no differences are identified in terms of PAL incidence, drainage time, length of postoperative hospital stay or incidence of postoperative pneumothorax between external suction and water seal. The bias analysis should be emphasized. To the limitations of the bias and methodological differences among the included studies, we have no recommendation on whether external suction should be routinely applied after lung neoplasm SPR. More high-quality randomized controlled trials are needed. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: None.