Subject(s)
Cholagogues and Choleretics/adverse effects , Cicatrix/chemically induced , Cosmetic Techniques/adverse effects , Deoxycholic Acid/adverse effects , Subcutaneous Fat/drug effects , Adipocytes/drug effects , Adult , Chin , Cholagogues and Choleretics/administration & dosage , Cicatrix/therapy , Deoxycholic Acid/administration & dosage , Female , Humans , Injections, Subcutaneous/adverse effects , Middle Aged , Skin/drug effectsABSTRACT
Human dirofilariasis is a rare zoonotic infection caused by various filarial species of the genus Dirofilaria. Dirofilaria tenuis causes heartworm infection in raccoons and infrequently causes human disease. The Dirofilaria organism accidentally is transmitted to humans through the bite of a mosquito and subcutaneous nodules, coin lesions of the lungs, or ophthalmic lesions develop at the inoculation site. We report a rare case of D tenuis infection in a patient that manifested as a subcutaneous nodule.
Subject(s)
Dirofilariasis/pathology , Skin Diseases, Parasitic/pathology , Adult , Dirofilariasis/surgery , Dirofilariasis/transmission , Humans , Leg , Male , Skin Diseases, Parasitic/etiology , Skin Diseases, Parasitic/surgeryABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To estimate the economic impact of sunburn in a beachgoing population during the summer. DESIGN: Survey. SETTING: Galveston, Tex, beachfront. PARTICIPANTS: Convenience sample of 56 sunburned beachgoers. Intervention None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Days of work lost as a result of sunburn in the previous year. RESULTS: Thirty-eight respondents (68%) reported painful sunburn. Sunscreen use did not prevent painful sunburn (23/38 [60%]). Those consuming alcohol at the beach had more severe sunburns than nondrinkers and had a higher frequency of analgesic use after sunburn (69% vs 26%, P =.007). Five men (5/18 [28%]) and 4 women (4/38 [10%]) missed a total of 9 and 8 days of work, respectively, because of sunburn within the prior year. Based on these findings and attendant assumptions, it is estimated that sunburn may account for as many as 92 720 lost workdays by Galveston beachgoers each year. The annual economic impact for lost work and treatment may exceed $10 million. CONCLUSION: Sunburn is a costly and preventable skin injury.