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1.
J Gen Virol ; 104(5)2023 05.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37159399

ABSTRACT

Rabbit haemorrhagic disease (RHD) is a highly contagious and fatal disease in rabbits caused by the rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV), which includes two genotypes, RHDV-GI.1 and RHDV2-GI.2. RHDVs tend to recombine among different strains, resulting in significant genetic evolution. This study evaluated the genetics of Japanese RHDV strains associated with six outbreaks between 2000 and 2020 using whole-genome sequencing, genomic recombination and phylogenetic analyses. Genomic recombination analysis using near-complete genomic sequences revealed that two Japanese strains detected in 2000 and 2002 were non-recombinant GI.1 (variant RHDVa-GI.1a) strains of different origins, most closely related to strains identified in PR China in 1997 and the USA in 2001, respectively. In contrast, four recent Japanese GI.2 strains detected between 2019 and 2020 were recombinant viruses harbouring structural protein (SP) genes from GI.2 strains and non-SP (NSP) genes from a benign rabbit calicivirus (RCV) strain of genotype RCV-E1-GI.3 (GI.3P-GI.2) or an RHDV G1-GI.1b variant (GI.1bP-GI.2). Phylogenetic analysis based on SP and NSP regions revealed that the GI.1bP-GI.2 recombinant virus detected in Ehime prefecture and the GI.3P-GI.2 recombinant viruses detected in Ibaraki, Tochigi and Chiba prefectures were most closely related to recombinant viruses identified in Australia in 2017 and Germany in 2017, respectively. These results suggested that past RHD outbreaks in Japan did not result from the evolution of domestic RHDVs but rather represented incursions of foreign RHDV strains, implying that Japan is constantly at risk of RHDV incursion from other countries.


Subject(s)
Hemorrhagic Disease Virus, Rabbit , Hemorrhagic Disorders , Rabbits , Animals , Hemorrhagic Disease Virus, Rabbit/genetics , Japan/epidemiology , Phylogeny , Disease Outbreaks
2.
Arch Virol ; 168(3): 84, 2023 Feb 09.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36757474

ABSTRACT

Virulent fowl adenovirus serotype 4 (FAdV-4) causes hydropericardium syndrome (HPS) with high mortality in chickens, leading to significant economic losses to the poultry industry. The development of an effective vaccine is essential for successful disease control. Here, we produced recombinant fiber-1 protein of FAdV-4, isolated from a Japanese HPS outbreak strain, JP/LVP-1/96, using a baculovirus expression system and evaluated its immunogenicity and protective efficacy. Recombinant fiber-1 protein induced high levels of neutralizing antibodies in immunized chickens, which were maintained for a minimum of 10 weeks. After being challenged with the virulent FAdV-4 strain JP/LVP-1/96, the immunized chickens did not exhibit clinical signs of infection or histopathological changes, there was a significant reduction in the viral load in various organs and total serum proteins, and albumin levels did not decline. These results suggest that the recombinant fiber-1 protein produced in this study can serve as a subunit vaccine to control HPS in chickens.


Subject(s)
Adenoviridae Infections , Aviadenovirus , Poultry Diseases , Animals , Adenoviridae , Adenoviridae Infections/prevention & control , Adenoviridae Infections/veterinary , Antibodies, Neutralizing , Antibodies, Viral , Aviadenovirus/genetics , Chickens , Recombinant Proteins/genetics , Serogroup , Viral Proteins/metabolism
3.
Acta Med Okayama ; 77(1): 11-19, 2023 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36849141

ABSTRACT

The importance of a well-fitted, comfortable brassiere to overall quality of life after breast reconstruction has not been evaluated. Our aim was to determine the impact of a semi-customized brassiere on patients' health-related quality of life after breast reconstruction. The subjects were prospective patients with mastectomy who were to undergo immediate or delayed breast reconstruction at our hospital. After surgery, a professional bra fitter sized each patient for a semi-customized brassiere and provided follow-up consultations. A self-reported questionnaire on breast aesthetics, postoperative pain, and satisfaction was used to assess the primary outcomes. Data were prospectively collected at baseline (before surgery) and at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery and analyzed. Forty-six patients (50 breasts) were included in the analysis. Consistent wearing of the brassiere reduced pain (p<0.05), with good overall satisfaction (p<0.001). Aesthetic scores on breast shape and size were higher with than without the custom brassiere at 3 months (p=0.02) and 6 months (p=0.03) after surgery. Wearing the brassiere reduced anxiety at all time points of measurement. A well-fitting brassiere ensured safety and provided a high degree of satisfaction without anxiety for patients after breast reconstruction.


Subject(s)
Breast Neoplasms , Mammaplasty , Humans , Female , Mastectomy/adverse effects , Quality of Life , Breast Neoplasms/surgery , Prospective Studies , Mammaplasty/adverse effects , Pain, Postoperative/etiology
4.
Acta Med Okayama ; 77(3): 281-290, 2023 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37357629

ABSTRACT

Although immediate breast reconstruction following mastectomy has become increasingly common, its oncological safety has been debated. We enrolled patients with breast cancer who underwent surgery at Okayama University Hospital between 2007 and 2013. The primary outcome was relapse-free survival (RFS). Secondary outcomes were overall survival and the duration from the surgery to the initiation of adjuvant chemotherapy. We divided into immediate breast reconstruction, mastectomy alone, and breast conservative surgery groups. Outcomes were compared using Cox's regression analysis. A total of 614 patients were included (reconstruction: 125, mastectomy: 128, breast conservative surgery: 361). The median follow-up duration was 79.0±31.9 months. The immediate-reconstruction patients were younger, had more lymph node metastases, and more often received postoperative chemotherapy. The RFS was better after the breast conservative surgery compared to after reconstruction (hazard ratio 0.33, 95% confidence interval: 0.144-0.763). The proportion of local recurrence was highest in the reconstruction group. No patients in the reconstruction group underwent postoperative radiation therapy. However, reconstruction did not affect overall survival or the time to the initiation of adjuvant chemotherapy. Surgeons should explain the risks of breast reconstruction to their patients preoperatively. Careful long-term follow-up is required after such procedures.


Subject(s)
Breast Neoplasms , Mammaplasty , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Breast Neoplasms/pathology , Breast Neoplasms/surgery , Disease-Free Survival , Follow-Up Studies , Mammaplasty/adverse effects , Mammaplasty/methods , Mastectomy , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/epidemiology , Treatment Outcome
5.
Arch Virol ; 167(4): 1191-1195, 2022 Apr.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35182243

ABSTRACT

Here, we report the genomic characterization of a fowl adenovirus serotype 4 strain isolated from a chicken with hydropericardium syndrome in Japan. The viral genome of FAdV-4 strain JP/LVP-1/96 was found to be 45,688 bp long. Amino acid substitutions at position 219 (G to D) in the fiber-2 protein and at position 188 (I to R) in the hexon protein, which are commonly found in virulent FAdV-4 strains, were also found in the JP/LVP-1/96 strain. Additional specific amino acid substitutions commonly found in virulent FAdV-4 strains were found in ORFs 4 and 43, which are present only in members of the species Fowl adenovirus C. Phylogenetic analysis based on complete hexon protein gene sequences showed that strain JP/LVP-1/96 belongs to a different genetic cluster from the strains circulating in neighboring countries.


Subject(s)
Adenoviridae Infections , Aviadenovirus , Poultry Diseases , Adenoviridae , Adenoviridae Infections/veterinary , Animals , Chickens , Genomics , Japan , Phylogeny , Serogroup
6.
Acta Med Okayama ; 75(1): 103-107, 2021 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33649621

ABSTRACT

A 43-year-old male with type 2 diabetes, under treatment with 5 mg/day of dapagliflozin, was referred to our hospital with upper left abdominal pain and marked hypertriglyceridemia (triglycerides [TGs], 5,960 mg/dl). He was also on a low-carbohydrate diet that promoted ketosis under sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor administration. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed a remarkable increase in very-low-den-sity lipoprotein, a TG-rich lipoprotein particle synthesized in the liver using free fatty acids derived from adi-pose tissue. Although SGLT2 inhibitors generally improve the lipid profile, under certain conditions such as a low-carbohydrate diet, they may adversely exacerbate the lipid profile via ketosis.


Subject(s)
Benzhydryl Compounds/adverse effects , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy , Glucosides/adverse effects , Hypertriglyceridemia/chemically induced , Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors/adverse effects , Adult , Benzhydryl Compounds/administration & dosage , Benzhydryl Compounds/pharmacology , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications , Diet, Carbohydrate-Restricted/adverse effects , Glucosides/administration & dosage , Glucosides/pharmacology , Humans , Hypertriglyceridemia/blood , Male , Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors/administration & dosage , Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors/pharmacology
7.
Arch Virol ; 165(6): 1441-1444, 2020 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32239294

ABSTRACT

Bovine papillomavirus type 9 (BPV9) is a causative agent of severe teat papillomatosis. Considering the lack of efficient BPV culture methods, recombinant proteins such as virus-like particles developed through genetic engineering may serve as a useful tool for developing effective vaccines against BPV infection. In this study, we successfully produced immunogenic particles composed of recombinant L1 protein of BPV9 (rBPV9-L1), using a baculovirus expression system. rBPV9-L1-immunized mice produced BPV9-specific IgG, which did not cross-react with BPV type 6, which is another causative agent of teat papillomatosis. Hence, immunogenic rBPV9-L1 is potentially applicable as a vaccine candidate for teat papillomatosis.


Subject(s)
Capsid Proteins/immunology , Cattle Diseases/prevention & control , Papillomaviridae/immunology , Papillomavirus Infections/veterinary , Vaccines, Virus-Like Particle/immunology , Animals , Capsid Proteins/biosynthesis , Cattle , Cattle Diseases/virology , Female , Genotype , Mice , Papillomaviridae/genetics , Papillomavirus Infections/prevention & control , Recombinant Proteins/biosynthesis , Recombinant Proteins/immunology , Vaccination
8.
Int J Med Sci ; 15(14): 1582-1590, 2018.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30588180

ABSTRACT

A number of biomaterials have been developed, some of which already enjoy widespread clinic use. We have devised a new honeycomb tricalcium phosphate (TCP) containing through-and-through holes of various diameters to control cartilage and bone formation. However, the way in which the geometric structure of the honeycomb TCP controls cartilage and bone tissue formation separately remains unknown. In addition, an association has been reported between bone formation and angiogenesis. Therefore, in the present study, we investigated the relationship between angiogenesis and various hole diameters in our honeycomb TCP over time in a rat ectopic hard tissue formation model. Honeycomb TCPs with hole diameters of 75, 300, and 500 µm were implanted into rat femoral muscle. Next, ectopic hard tissue formation in the holes of the honeycomb TCP was assessed histologically at postoperative weeks 1, 2, and 3, and CD34 immunostaining was performed to evaluate angiogenesis. The results showed that cartilage formation accompanied by thin and poor blood vessel formation, bone marrow-like tissue with a branching network of vessels, and vigorous bone formation with thick linear blood vessels occurred in the TCPs with 75-µm, 300-µm, and 500-µm hole diameters, respectively. These results indicated that the geometrical structure of the honeycomb TCP affected cartilage and bone tissue formation separately owing to the induced angiogenesis and altered oxygen partial pressure within the holes.


Subject(s)
Bone Regeneration/drug effects , Bone Substitutes/pharmacology , Calcium Phosphates/pharmacology , Neovascularization, Physiologic/drug effects , Tissue Scaffolds/chemistry , Animals , Biocompatible Materials/chemistry , Biocompatible Materials/pharmacology , Bone Substitutes/chemistry , Bone and Bones/drug effects , Bone and Bones/physiology , Calcium Phosphates/chemistry , Cartilage/drug effects , Cartilage/physiology , Male , Models, Animal , Osteogenesis/drug effects , Porosity , Rats , Wisteria
9.
Int J Med Sci ; 13(6): 466-76, 2016.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27279797

ABSTRACT

Artificial bone materials that exhibit high biocompatibility have been developed and are being widely used for bone tissue regeneration. However, there are no biomaterials that are minimally invasive and safe. In a previous study, we succeeded in developing honeycomb ß-tricalcium phosphate (ß-TCP) which has through-and-through holes and is able to mimic the bone microenvironment for bone tissue regeneration. In the present study, we investigated how the difference in hole-diameter of honeycomb ß-TCP (hole-diameter: 75, 300, 500, and 1600 µm) influences bone tissue regeneration histologically. Its osteoconductivity was also evaluated by implantation into zygomatic bone defects in rats. The results showed that the maximum bone formation was observed on the ß-TCP with hole-diameter 300µm, included bone marrow-like tissue and the pattern of bone tissue formation similar to host bone. Therefore, the results indicated that we could control bone tissue formation by creating a bone microenvironment provided by ß-TCP. Also, in zygomatic bone defect model with honeycomb ß-TCP, the result showed there was osseous union and the continuity was reproduced between the both edges of resected bone and ß-TCP, which indicated the zygomatic bone reproduction fully succeeded. It is thus thought that honeycomb ß-TCP may serve as an excellent biomaterial for bone tissue regeneration in the head, neck and face regions, expected in clinical applications.


Subject(s)
Bone Regeneration/drug effects , Calcium Phosphates/pharmacology , Animals , Biocompatible Materials/chemistry , Biocompatible Materials/pharmacology , Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2/chemistry , Bone Substitutes/chemistry , Calcium Phosphates/chemistry , Male , Porosity , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Temperature , Tissue Scaffolds/chemistry
10.
Breast Cancer ; 31(4): 649-658, 2024 Jul.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38589713

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Position of the nipple-areolar complex (NAC) is an important factor in the esthetic impression of the breast, and NAC malposition is often an issue in breast reconstruction after nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the degree of NAC malposition depending on several factors using data quantified with the Mamma Balance application (Medic Engineering K.K., Kyoto, Japan). METHODS: Patients who underwent unilateral breast reconstruction after NSM at eight hospitals in Japan between 2007 and 2020 were retrospectively investigated. Using Mamma Balance, NAC malposition was quantified separately in horizontal and vertical directions using patient photographs from pre-operatively and 6-24 months post-operatively. The degree of malpositioning was then statistically compared using various factors. RESULTS: The NAC deviated more cranially and medially with implants than that with flaps. Cases with latissimus dorsi flap showed lateral malposition more often than cases with deep inferior epigastric artery perforator flap. With flaps, lateral incisions showed more lateral malposition, and peri-areolar incisions tended to show more medial NAC malposition. In cases with severe post-operative infection of the implant, the NAC tended to deviate cranially. In radiation cases, the NAC deviated cranially. No significant difference was observed according to the degree of breast ptosis or use of the pull-down operation. Only a very weak correlation was observed between a larger amount of mastectomy and more cranial NAC malposition with both flaps and implants. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides insights into the tendencies and characteristics of NAC malposition.


Subject(s)
Breast Neoplasms , Mammaplasty , Mastectomy, Subcutaneous , Nipples , Humans , Female , Retrospective Studies , Nipples/surgery , Japan , Middle Aged , Mammaplasty/methods , Mammaplasty/adverse effects , Adult , Breast Neoplasms/surgery , Breast Neoplasms/pathology , Mastectomy, Subcutaneous/methods , Mastectomy, Subcutaneous/adverse effects , Aged , Postoperative Complications/etiology , Breast Implants/adverse effects , Surgical Flaps
11.
Microbiol Resour Announc ; 12(1): e0067022, 2023 Jan 24.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36598259

ABSTRACT

We report the complete genome sequences of strains JP/Yamanashi/93 and JP/Shimane/98, which are classified in JP-II (GI-7) and JP-III (GI-19), respectively, the major genotypes of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) in Japan. This information will be useful for the in-depth understanding of the evolution of IBV in Japan.

13.
Diabetol Int ; 14(3): 262-270, 2023 Jul.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37397907

ABSTRACT

Introduction: To investigate changes in insulin requirements over time in patients who underwent hepatectomy and pancreatectomy with perioperative glycemic control by an artificial pancreas (STG-55). Materials and methods: We included 56 patients (22 hepatectomies and 34 pancreatectomies) who were treated with an artificial pancreas in the perioperative period and investigated the differences in insulin requirements by organ and surgical procedure. Results: The mean intraoperative blood glucose level and total insulin doses were higher in the hepatectomy group than in the pancreatectomy group. The dose of insulin infusion increased in hepatectomy, especially early in surgery, compared to pancreatectomy. In the hepatectomy group, there was a significant correlation between the total intraoperative insulin dose and Pringle time, and in all cases, there was a correlation with surgical time, bleeding volume, preoperative CPR, preoperative TDD, and weight. Conclusions: Perioperative insulin requirements may be mainly dependent on the surgical procedure, invasiveness, and organ. Preoperative prediction of insulin requirements for each surgical procedure contributes to good perioperative glycemic control and improvement of postoperative outcomes.

14.
Viruses ; 14(4)2022 03 29.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35458447

ABSTRACT

The complete nucleotide sequence of the S1 glycoprotein gene of the Japanese infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) strains was determined and genetically analyzed. A total of 61 Japanese IBV strains were classified into seven genotypes, namely GI-1, 3, 7, 13, 18, 19, and GVI-1 using the classification scheme that was proposed by Valastro et al, with three exceptions. These genotypes practically corresponded to those defined in Japan, namely Mass, Gray, JP-II, 4/91, JP-I, JP-III, and JP-IV, which have been identified through their partial nucleotide sequences containing hypervariable regions 1 and 2. In addition, three exceptive strains were considered to be derived from recombination within the S1 gene of IBV strains G1-13 and GI-19. By analyzing the amino acid polymorphism of the S1 glycoprotein among Japanese genotypes, a diversity was observed based on the genotype-specific amino acid residue, the proteolytic cleavage motif at the S1/S2 cleavage site, and the position of the potential N-glycosylation sites.


Subject(s)
Coronavirus Infections , Infectious bronchitis virus , Poultry Diseases , Amino Acids/genetics , Animals , Chickens , Coronavirus Infections/veterinary , Glycoproteins/genetics , Infectious bronchitis virus/genetics , Japan , Phylogeny
15.
Microbiol Resour Announc ; 11(7): e0015622, 2022 Jul 21.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35735980

ABSTRACT

We report the complete genome sequences of two strains of JP-1 genotype (GI-18) infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) isolated from the kidneys of dead chickens in Japan in 2000 and 2017. This information will help researchers better understand the evolution and epidemiology of IBV in Japan.

17.
Genes Cells ; 15(5): 525-36, 2010 May.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20384789

ABSTRACT

Lepidoptera such as the domestic silkworm (Bombyx mori) produce proteins modified with unsialylated, mannose-rich moieties known as 'high mannose-type'N-glycans. However, we observed that, under intrinsic acetylglucosaminidase (GlcNAcase)-inhibited conditions, moth cells tend to synthesize different types of glycoform with sialic acid modification. To identify molecules essential to assemble Lepidoptera-specific N-glycans, we performed BLAST analysis on the silkworm genetic database and isolated the entire coding sequence of novel Bombyx GlcNAcase, BmGlcNAcase 2. This enzyme showed weak homology to currently known, lysosome-associated eukaryotic hexosaminidases, but it revealed remarkable similarity with recently reported glycosyl hydrolases of Spodoptera and Bombyx. Interestingly, BmGlcNAcase 2 was found to be expressed in embryos and in certain tissues of molting larvae (i.e. ovary, fat bodies, mid-intestine, skin), but not in pupae, suggesting its unique function in the carbohydrate metabolism of juvenile silkworm.


Subject(s)
Bombyx/enzymology , Insect Proteins/genetics , Isoenzymes/genetics , beta-N-Acetylhexosaminidases/genetics , Amino Acid Sequence , Animals , Bombyx/genetics , Cloning, Molecular , Gene Expression Profiling , Insect Proteins/classification , Insect Proteins/metabolism , Isoenzymes/classification , Isoenzymes/metabolism , Molecular Sequence Data , Phylogeny , Sequence Alignment , Sequence Homology, Amino Acid , beta-N-Acetylhexosaminidases/classification , beta-N-Acetylhexosaminidases/metabolism
18.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19465404

ABSTRACT

We surveyed the attitudes of Japanese medical doctors toward complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) in 1999. It is supposed that the situation concerning CAM has been changing recently. The aim of the present study is to survey the attitude of doctors toward CAM again, and to examine changes in attitude over the last 6 years. The attitudes of medical doctors belonging to the Kyoto Medical Association toward CAM were surveyed by a structured, self-administered questionnaire in 1999 and 2005. The results showed that the doctors familiar with the term "CAM", practicing CAM therapies, and attending meetings or training courses related with CAM, increased significantly from 1999 to 2005. The doctors who possessed knowledge of CAM also increased significantly from 1999 to 2005. Almost all doctors believed in the effectiveness of Kampo (Japanese traditional herbal medicine) and acupuncture. The number of doctors who believed in the effectiveness of aromatherapy and ayurveda increased significantly in 2005, compared with 1999. In the near future, 58% of doctors desired to practice CAM therapies. In conclusion, the numbers of doctors who practice CAM therapies, possess CAM knowledge and desire to practice such therapies have increased over the last 6 years in Japan.

19.
J Vet Med Sci ; 73(5): 609-13, 2011 May.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21187684

ABSTRACT

In the present study, group-specific antigen VP7 of bluetongue virus (BTV) serotype 21 isolated from cattle in Tochigi prefecture in Japan in 1994 was characterized by sequencing and expression. Gene was amplified from cDNA synthesized on viral dsRNA using reverse-transcriptase-PCR. Nucleotide sequence of this isolate showed high similarity with other published BTV VP7 sequences. Full-length and C-terminal truncated forms of VP7 were expressed in insect cells by a baculovirus gene expression system under control of the viral polyhedrin promoter. Expression of full-length recombinant VP7 was confirmed by immunoprecipitation with VP7 specific monoclonal antibody (8A3B.6, ATCC). Recombinant proteins expressed with or without 6x His-tag showed good expression levels in TN5 cells and reacted well with the monoclonal antibody in the indirect ELISA. However C-terminal truncated VP7 with His-tag failed to react with this monoclonal antibody, while poor antigenicity was evident when it was reacted with infected bovine serum. Reduced antigenicity of the latter suggested that C-terminal truncation affects 8A3B.6 epitope construction probably via inhibition of VP7 trimer structure formation.


Subject(s)
Bluetongue virus/metabolism , Bluetongue/virology , Cattle Diseases/virology , Gene Expression Regulation, Viral/physiology , Viral Core Proteins/metabolism , Animals , Antigens, Viral/genetics , Antigens, Viral/metabolism , Bluetongue/epidemiology , Bluetongue virus/classification , Bluetongue virus/genetics , Bluetongue virus/immunology , Cattle , Cattle Diseases/epidemiology , Cell Line , Cricetinae , Japan/epidemiology , Serotyping , Viral Core Proteins/genetics
20.
J Virol Methods ; 290: 114068, 2021 04.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33460683

ABSTRACT

Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) is a novel swine enteropathogenic coronavirus that leads to acute diarrhea/vomiting, dehydration, and mortality in seronegative neonatal piglets. As widely known, attempts to culture porcine enteropathogenic coronaviruses, such as PDCoV and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus, in cells have been proven to be difficult. This study aimed to establish an efficient and cost-effective culture system for PDCoV using embryonated chicken eggs (ECEs) to enable future vaccine production and efficient virus isolation from infected animals. The inoculation of samples into the allantoic cavity of 3- to 7-day-old ECEs yielded efficient virus propagation even from porcine fecal samples. Virus propagation in 2- and 8-day-old ECEs were confirmed in 30.0 % and 11.1 % of the samples, respectively. This indicates that susceptible cells rapidly develop in 2-day-old ECEs and differentiate to mature cells that are nonsusceptible to PDCoV in 8-day-old layer chicken ECEs. Furthermore, our study demonstrated that PDCoV can be passaged in 6-day-old ECEs with high viral replicative efficiency. This technique for propagating PDCoV using ECEs is a powerful tool that could be utilized for PDCoV vaccine development and virus isolation from poultry, livestock, and wild animals.


Subject(s)
Deltacoronavirus/growth & development , Deltacoronavirus/isolation & purification , Virus Cultivation/methods , Amniotic Fluid/virology , Animals , Chick Embryo , Coronavirus Infections/veterinary , Coronavirus Infections/virology , Serial Passage , Swine , Swine Diseases/virology , Virus Replication
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