ABSTRACT
The design, synthesis, evaluation, and identification of a novel class of (6S,7S)-N-hydroxy-6-carboxamide-5-azaspiro[2.5]octane-7-carboxamides as the first potent and selective inhibitors of human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2) sheddase is described. Several compounds were identified that possess excellent pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties and were shown to decrease tumor size, cleaved HER-2 extracellular domain plasma levels, and potentiate the effects of the humanized anti-HER-2 monoclonal antibody (trastuzumab) in vivo in a HER-2 overexpressing cancer murine xenograft model.
Subject(s)
Amides/chemical synthesis , Antineoplastic Agents/chemical synthesis , Hydroxamic Acids/chemical synthesis , Piperidines/chemical synthesis , Receptor, ErbB-2/antagonists & inhibitors , Spiro Compounds/chemical synthesis , Administration, Oral , Amides/pharmacokinetics , Amides/pharmacology , Animals , Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology , Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized , Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacokinetics , Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology , Cell Line, Tumor , Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor , Drug Synergism , Humans , Hydroxamic Acids/pharmacokinetics , Hydroxamic Acids/pharmacology , Mice , Molecular Conformation , Piperidines/chemistry , Piperidines/pharmacology , Spiro Compounds/chemistry , Spiro Compounds/pharmacology , Stereoisomerism , Structure-Activity Relationship , Transplantation, Heterologous , TrastuzumabABSTRACT
Overexpression and activating mutations of ErbB family members have been implicated in the development and progression of a variety of tumor types. Cleavage of the HER2 receptor by an as yet unidentified ectodomain sheddase has been shown to liberate the HER2 extracellular domain (ECD) leaving a fragment with constitutive kinase activity that can provide ligand-independent growth and survival signals to the cell. This process is clinically relevant since HER2 ECD serum levels in metastatic breast cancer patients are associated with a poorer prognosis. Thus, inhibition of the HER2 sheddase may provide a novel therapeutic approach for breast cancer. We describe the use of transcriptional profiling, pharmacological and in vitro approaches to identify the major source of HER2 sheddase activity. Real-time PCR was used to identify those ADAM family members which were expressed in HER2 shedding cell lines. siRNAs that selectively inhibited ADAM10 expression reduced HER2 shedding. In addition, we profiled over 1000 small molecules for in vitro inhibition of a panel of ADAM and MMP proteins; a positive correlation was observed only between ADAM10 inhibition and reduction of HER2 ECD shedding in a cell based assay. Finally, in vitro studies demonstrate that in combination with low doses of Herceptin, selective ADAM10 inhibitors decrease proliferation in HER2 overexpressing cell lines while inhibitors, that do not inhibit ADAM10, have no impact. These results are consistent with ADAM10 being a major determinant of HER2 shedding, the inhibition of which, may provide a novel therapeutic approach for treating a variety of cancers with active HER2 signaling.