ABSTRACT
The effect of VAM on reducing wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht. f.sp. fragariae Winks et Williams (FO) infection in strawberry and the possible mechanisms involved were investigated. Two key substance involved in disease defenses, lignin and hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein were induced and formed in the cell wall of strawberry root, and the peak content of lignin and hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein occurred on the 25(th) day (149.52mg/g) and on the 15(th) day (10.08 mg/g). The activity of protective enzymes SOD, POD and CAT inoculation with VAM significantly increased when compared with the control under both CK (natural growth) and inoculated with FO. The conductivity of VAM plus FO treatment was higher than the CK treatment, but significantly was lower than the FO treatment.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the risk of hemorrhagic transformation and the curative effect in patients with atrial fibrillation(AF)treated by intravenous thrombolysis with alteplase after acute cerebral infarct. Methods The clinical data of 246 patients with acute cerebral infarct treated with intravenous alteplase within 4.5 h from the onset were analyzed.According to the presence or absence of AF, the patients were divided into AF group (74 cases) and non AF group (172 cases). The outcomes were the incidence of hemorrhagic transformation within 36 h and the curative effect after 2 weeks. Results The incidence of hemorrhagic transformation in AF group was 31.1%(23/74), in non AF group was 7.6%(13/172),and there was significant difference(χ2=22.917,P=0.000).The effective rate in AF group was 54.1%(40/74), in non AF group was 76.7%(132/172), and there was significant difference (χ2=12.665,P=0.000).Conclusions Patients with acute cerebral infarction combined with AF have a high risk of hemorrhagic transformation and poor prognosis after intravenous thrombolysis.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the risk factors of hemorrhagic transformation (HT) following thrombolytic therapy in acute cerebral infarct patients. Methods The clinical data of 246 cases with acute cerebral infarct treated with rt-PA within 4.5 h from the onset were reviewed. According to the results of brain CT imaging after intravenous thrombolysis for 24-36 h, the patients were divided into HT group and non HT group. The factors including age, gender, NIHSS scores, drinking, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, atrial fibrillation. The univariate analysis and Losgistic regression analysis were further assessed. Results The results of univariate analysis indicated that there were no significant differences between the two groups in age, gender, smoking , drinking, time from onset to thrombolysis, diabetes (P > 0.05), but there were significant differences between two groups in NIHSS scores [(14.53 ± 6.06) scores vs.(9.98 ± 6.26) scores, P = 0.000], hypertension [86.1%(31/36) vs.70.0%(147/210), P = 0.046] and atrial fibrillation [63.9%(23/36) vs. 24.3%(51/210), P = 0.000]. Logistic regression analysis showed that NIHSS scores (OR = 1.079, 95% CI = 1.014- 1.147, P = 0.016) and atrial fibrillation (OR=3.298, 95%CI=1.481-7.345, P=0.003) were the risk factors associated with hemorrhagic transformation after intravenous thrombolysis for acute cerebral infarction. Conclusions NIHSS scores and atrial fibrillation are the risk factors associated with HT after thrombolytic therapy in acute cerebral infarct patients.
ABSTRACT
The Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic has accumulated over 550 million confirmed cases and more than 6.34 million deaths worldwide. Although vaccinations has largely protected the population through the last two years, the effect of vaccination has been increasingly challenged by the emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants. Although several therapeutics including both monoclonal antibodies and small molecule drugs have been used clinically, high cost, viral escape mutations, and potential side effects have reduced their efficacy. There is an urgent need to develop a low cost treatment with wide-spectrum effect against the novel variants of SARS-CoV-2. Here we report a product of equine polyclonal antibodies that showed potential broad spectrum neutralization effect against the major variants of SARS-CoV-2. The equine polyclonal antibodies were generated by horse immunization with the receptor binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and purified from equine serum. A high binding affinity between the generated equine antibodies and the RBD was observed. Although designed against the RBD of the early wild type strain sequenced in 2020, the equine antibodies also showed a highly efficient neutralization capacity against the major variants of SARS-CoV-2, including the recent BA.2 Omicron variant (IC50 =1.867g/ml) in viral neutralization assay in Vero E6 cells using live virus cultured. The broad-spectrum neutralization capacity of the equine antibodies was further confirmed using pseudovirus neutralization assay covering the major SARS-CoV-2 variants including wild type, alpha, beta, delta, and omicron, showing effective neutralization against all the tested strains. Ex vivo reconstructed human respiratory organoids representing nasal, bronchial, and lung epitheliums were employed to test the treatment efficacy of the equine antibodies. Antibody treatment protected the human nasal, bronchial, and lung epithelial organoids against infection of the novel SARS-CoV-2 variants challenging public health, the Delta and Omicron BA.2 isolates, by reducing >95% of the viral load. The equine antibodies were further tested for potential side effects in a mouse model by inhalation and no significant pathological feature was observed. Equine antibodies, as a mature medical product, have been widely applied in the treatment of infectious diseases for more than a century, which limits the potential side effects and are capable of large scale production at a low cost. A cost-effective, wide-spectrum equine antibody therapy effective against the major SARS-CoV-2 variants can contribute as an affordable therapy to cover a large portion of the world population, and thus potentially reduce the transmission and mutation of SARS-CoV-2.