ABSTRACT
Background: Elderly hospitalized patients often have dysphagia, which can cause a variety of complications, the most common being aspiration. Early detection and timely treatment by nurses are needed in the clinic. Objective: To assess the effect of the situational simulation teaching method in respiratory and cardiac arrest induced by aspiration in elderly patients. Design: This was a retrospective study. Setting: This study was performed in the Department of Geriatrics, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University. Participants: Fifty patients with aspiration-induced respiratory and cardiac arrest who were hospitalized in our hospital were chosen and divided into 2 groups according to the composition of rescue nursing staff, and each group had 25 cases. Interventions: The patients who were rescued by nurses without scenario simulation training were the control group (routine emergency nursing group). The patients who were rescued by nurses trained via the scenario simulation teaching method were the experimental group. Primary Outcome Measures: (1) Emergency rescue time, (2) survival rate, (3) duration of adverse events, and (4) nursing satisfaction of patients. Results: Compared to the control group, the emergency rescue time, the duration of asphyxia, duration of respiratory and cardiac arrest, and the duration of malignant arrhythmias caused by cardiac arrest in the experimental group was lower (P < .05), while the survival rate and nursing satisfaction of patients in the experimental group was higher (P < .05). Conclusion: The application of situational simulation teaching method in the rescue of patients with respiratory and cardiac arrest has outstanding effects, which can effectively improve the efficiency of first aid, significantly improve the efficiency and standardization of first aid, and control or prevent the occurrence of poor prognosis, which is worth popularizing.
ABSTRACT
Reducing greenhouse gas emissions while improving productivity is the core of sustainable agriculture development. In recent years, rice ratooning has developed rapidly in China and other Asian countries, becoming an effective measure to increase rice production and reduce greenhouse gas emissions in these regions. However, the lower yield of ratooning rice caused by the application of a single nitrogen fertilizer in the ratooning season has become one of the main reasons limiting the further development of rice ratooning. The combined application of nitrogen and phosphorus plays a crucial role in increasing crop yield and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The effects of combined nitrogen and phosphorus application on ratooning rice remain unclear. Therefore, this paper aimed to investigate the effect of combined nitrogen and phosphorus application on ratooning rice. Two hybrid rice varieties, 'Luyou 1831' and 'Yongyou 1540', were used as experimental materials. A control treatment of nitrogen-only fertilization (187.50 kg·ha-1 N) was set, and six treatments were established by reducing nitrogen fertilizer by 10% (N1) and 20% (N2), and applying three levels of phosphorus fertilizer: N1P1 (168.75 kg·ha-1 N; 13.50 kg·ha-1 P), N1P2 (168.75 kg·ha-1 N; 27.00 kg·ha-1 P), N1P3 (168.75 kg·ha-1 N; 40.50 kg·ha-1 P), N2P1 (150.00 kg·ha-1 N; 13.50 kg·ha-1 P), N2P2 (150.00 kg·ha-1 N; 27.00 kg·ha-1 P), and N2P3 (150.00 kg·ha-1 N; 40.50 kg·ha-1 P). The effects of reduced nitrogen and increased phosphorus treatments in ratooning rice on the yield, the greenhouse gas emissions, and the community structure of rhizosphere soil microbes were examined. The results showed that the yield of ratooning rice in different treatments followed the sequence N1P2 > N1P1 > N1P3 > N2P3 > N2P2 > N2P1 > N. Specifically, under the N1P2 treatment, the average two-year yields of 'Luyou 1831' and 'Yongyou 1540' reached 8520.55 kg·ha-1 and 9184.90 kg·ha-1, respectively, representing increases of 74.30% and 25.79% compared to the N treatment. Different nitrogen and phosphorus application combinations also reduced methane emissions during the ratooning season. Appropriately combined nitrogen and phosphorus application reduced the relative contribution of stochastic processes in microbial community assembly, broadened the niche breadth of microbial communities, enhanced the abundance of functional genes related to methane-oxidizing bacteria and soil ammonia-oxidizing bacteria in the rhizosphere, and decreased the abundance of functional genes related to methanogenic and denitrifying bacteria, thereby reducing greenhouse gas emissions in the ratooning season. The carbon footprint of ratooning rice for 'Luyou 1831' and 'Yongyou 1540' decreased by 25.82% and 38.99%, respectively, under the N1P2 treatment compared to the N treatment. This study offered a new fertilization pattern for the green sustainable development of rice ratooning.
ABSTRACT
Background: increasingly, research suggests that lack of sleep is linked to adiposity worldwide, but few studies have been conducted in middle-aged and elderly Chinese subjects. The purpose of the present study was to analyze the association of siesta and nocturnal sleep duration with the prevalence of adiposity in middle-aged and elderly Chinese individuals. Methods: a total of 7,891 community dwelling Chinese subjects who had participated in the 2015 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study were included. A four-stage random sampling method was used to select participants. Siesta and nocturnal sleep duration was self-reported. Adiposity, including general obesity and abdominal obesity, was assessed. Multiple logistic analyses were conducted to explore the association between siesta, nocturnal sleep duration, and adiposity. Results: people with long siesta durations (≥ 1 hour/day) were significantly associated with an increased risk for abdominal obesity, independently and in all subgroup analyses, when compared to those without regular siesta. ORs after adjustment of confounding factors included: all subjects, OR = 1.45, 95 % CI, 1.23 to 1.70; middle-aged subjects, OR = 1.46, 95 % CI, 1.15 to 1.86; elderly, OR = 1.43, 95 % CI, 1.14 to 1.78. Conclusions: our data show that siesta duration plays a role in the prevalence of age-specific abdominal obesity. Individuals with long siesta durations are more likely to have abdominal obesity among the middle-aged and elderly population when compared to those without regular siesta. The results of this study need to be confirmed by further studies. (AU)
Antecedentes: cada vez más investigaciones sugieren que la falta de sueño está relacionada con la adiposidad en todo el mundo, pero pocos estudios se han realizado en chinos de mediana edad y ancianos. El propósito del presente estudio fue analizar la asociación de la siesta y la duración del sueño nocturno con la prevalencia de la adiposidad en chinos de mediana edad y ancianos. Métodos: se incluyeron en total 7891 chinos de la comunidad que habían participado en el "Estudio longitudinal de salud y jubilación en China" de 2015. Se utilizó el método de muestreo aleatorio de 4 etapas para seleccionar a los participantes. La duración de la siesta y del sueño nocturno fue autoinformada. Se evaluó la adiposidad, incluidas la obesidad general y la obesidad abdominal. Se realizaron múltiples análisis logísticos para explorar la asociación entre la siesta, la duración del sueño nocturno y la adiposidad. Resultados: las personas con siestas prolongadas (≥ 1 hora al día) se asociaron significativamente a un mayor riesgo de obesidad abdominal, de forma independiente, en todos los análisis de subgrupos, en comparación con aquellos sin siesta regular. Los OR después de ajustar los factores de confusión fueron: todos los sujetos, OR = 1,45, IC del 95 %, 1,23 a 1,70; mediana edad: OR = 1,46, IC del 95 %, 1,15 a 1,86; ancianos: OR = 1,43, IC del 95 %, 1,14 a 1,78. Conclusiones: nuestros datos muestran que la duración de la siesta juega un papel en la prevalencia de la obesidad abdominal específica de cada edad. Las personas con siestas prolongadas tienen más probabilidades de tener obesidad abdominal, entre la población de mediana edad y anciana, que las que no duermen siesta regularmente. Los resultados de este estudio deben ser confirmados por estudios adicionales. (AU)