Social capital building interventions and self-reported post-disaster recovery in Ofunato, Japan.

Evidence shows that communal resources, cohesion, and social infrastructure can mitigate shocks and enhance resilience. However, we know less about how specific social capital building interventions facilitate recovery in post-disaster environments. Using a survey of over 1000 residents of Ofunato, Japan after the 2011 Tohoku earthquake and tsunami, this study demonstrates that the individuals who actively participated in a community center-created for and led by neighborhood elders-reported higher levels of family and neighborhood recovery than similar individuals who did not participate. Results from ordinal logistic regression analyses, propensity score matching (PSM) and coarsened exact matching (CEM) show arguably stronger causal links between bottom-up, microlocal programs to boost connections in post-disaster areas and post-disaster outcomes. Community-based programs that strengthen social ties even among elderly residents can measurably improve their recoveries.

Evaluation of triage checklist for mild COVID-19 outpatients in predicting subsequent emergency department visits and hospitalization during isolation period

Background and objectiveLimited evidence exists regarding the outcomes of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) who are not hospitalized. This study aimed to assess the outcomes for mild COVID-19 patients in terms of emergency department (ED) visits and hospital admission given initial outpatient triage evaluation and to identify the triage factors affecting these outcomes. MethodsThis retrospective cohort study investigated adult COVID-19 Japanese patients who were triaged at Nagasaki University Hospital between April 1, 2021, and May 31, 2021. A triage checklist with 30 factors was used to identify patients requiring hospitalization. Patients recommended for isolation were followed up for later ED visit or hospital admission. ResultsOverall, 338 COVID-19 patients (mean age, 44.7; 45% women) visited the clinic at an average of 5.4 days after symptom onset. Thirty-six patients (10.6%) were hospitalized from triage, and the rest were recommended for isolation. Seventy-two non-hospitalized patients (23.8%) visited ED during their isolation period, and 30 (9.9%) were hospitalized after ED evaluation. The mean duration to ED visit and hospitalization after symptom onset were 8.8 and 9.7 days, respectively. Checklist factors associated with hospitalization during the isolation period were age > 50 years, obesity with BMI > 25, underlying hypertension, tachycardia with HR > 100/min or blood pressure >135 mmHg at triage, and >{square}3-day delay in hospital visit after symptom onset. ConclusionClinicians should be wary of COVID-19 patients with above risk factors and prompt them to seek follow-up assessment by a medical professional. SUMMARY AT A GLANCEOverall, 338 patients with mild COVID-19 were retrospectively followed up. Factors such as age >{square}50 years, BMI{square}> {square}25, underlying hypertension, high blood pressure and tachycardia at triage, and delayed visit after symptom onset were associated with emergency department visit and hospitalization during the isolation period.