[Characterization of Microplastic Surface Bacterial Community Structure and Prediction of Ecological Risk in Poyang Lake, China].

In recent years, the environmental pollution of microplastics in Poyang Lake has received increasing attention. Baisha Lake of Poyang Lake was selected as the study area, and samples of water and sediments of Baisha Lake and the microplastics therein were collected, and the polymer types of microplastics were identified as polyethylene (PE), polyester (PET), polypropylene (PP), and polystyrene (PS) using Fourier infrared spectroscopy. We also analyzed the structural composition of bacterial communities in water, in sediments, and on microplastic surfaces using 16S high-throughput sequencing. The species richness and diversity of bacteria on the microplastic surfaces were lower than those in the surrounding water and sediments. The results of NMDS analysis showed that the bacterial community structures on the microplastic surfaces differed greatly from those in the surrounding sediments and water. The bacterial community composition in water and sediment differed from that on the microplastic surfaces, and the dominant bacterial phyla on the microplastic surfaces were Proteobacteria and Bacteroidota, and their relative abundance on the microplastic surfaces was higher than that in sediment. The relative abundance of Proteobacteria was higher than that in water. The relative abundances of Bacteroidota and Actinobacteriota were significantly lower than that of water. Massilia and Pseudomonas were the dominant genera on the microplastic surfaces, and their relative abundances were significantly higher than those in the surrounding water and sediments. BugBase phenotype prediction revealed that the relative abundance of contains mobile elements, biofilm formation, potential pathogenicity, and stress tolerance phenotypes of microplastic bacterial communities were significantly higher than those of the surrounding water and sediments. The results revealed that microplastics may have contributed to the spread of harmful bacteria, including pathogenic bacteria, and increased the potential pathogenicity of bacterial communities. Additionally, microplastic surface bacterial communities had higher phenotypes of mobile gene element content. Revealing the potential harm of microplastic pollution to wetland ecology at the micro level may provide a scientific reference for maintaining the ecological stability of wetlands.

Bacterial community structure of water, sediment and microplastics in Poyang Lake wetland.

As a new type of pollutant, microplastics accumulate continuously in the environment. The environmental problems caused by microplastics have attracted wide attention. In this study, we collected water, sediment and four types of microplastics (film, foam, fiber and fragment) from wetland in East Lake area of Poyang Lake. We used high-throughput sequencing technology to analyze the bacterial diversity and community structure of water, sediment, and microplastics surface. The results showed that the bacterial richness and diversity of water and sediment were significantly higher than that on microplastics, and the bacterial richness of foaming microplastics was significantly lower than that of the other three types of microplastics. There were significant differences of bacterial communities between water, sediment, and microplastics. There were significant differences cross different types of microplastics. Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria were the main bacterial communities of water, sediment, and microplastics. The relative abundance of Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria in water was higher than that in sediments and microplastics, while the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria in foaming microplastics was higher than that in other three types. At the genus level, the dominant ones included Massilia, Flavobacteria, and Pseudomonas. The relative abundance of Massilia and Pseudomonas in water and sediments was lower than that on microplastics, and the relative abundance of Flavobacteria was not different among water, sediment and microplastics. The relative abundance of Massilia in microplastics followed an order of fragment>fiber>film>foam, and that of Pseudomonas was film>fiber>foam>fragment. The results of metabolic pathway prediction analysis showed that except for foaming microplastics, the bacterial metabolic pathways on the surface of the other three types of microplastics were significantly different from those in water and sediment. The cellular processes, organismal systems, environmental information processing, and human diseases in bacterial metabolic pathways on microplastics surface were significantly higher than those in water and sediment. Our results suggested that microbial community structure on the surface of microplastics was significantly different from that in water and sediment, and that the morphology type of microplastics affected microbial community structure on the surface.

Information theoretic perspective on coastal water-quality monitoring and management near an offshore industrial park.

A semi-continuous water-quality monitoring system was installed in Yunlin Offshore Industrial Park (YOIP), the largest industrial park in Taiwan, in 2007 to provide real-time water-quality information such as pH, water depth, dissolved oxygen, temperature, turbidity, conductivity, and chlorophyll. To interpret the large quantities of high-frequency data generated by this system, information theory was applied for data analysis and extraction of useful information for further coastal water-quality management. Information theory is a branch of applied mathematics that involves the quantification of information. Shannon entropy is a key measure of information that was calculated in this study to reveal the inherent uncertainty of water-quality information. The applicability of Shannon entropy for signaling possible coastal pollution events in the YOIP was explored and results showed that it provides new insight into the inherent uncertainty or randomness of the original data. Specially, when Shannon entropy was high, multiple instable readings were observed for turbidity and salinity. This indicates that Shannon entropy may be a useful new tool for exploratory data analysis. It can be used as a supplementary indicator along with the original environmental data to signify some episodes of water-quality degradation.

Analysis of Differential Proteins Related to Platelet Activation in Patients with Essential Thrombocythemia Based on Label-Free Quantitative Technology / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To analysis the specific protein markers of essential thrombocythemia (ET) based on proteomics technology, to explore and verify the differential protein related to platelet activation.@*METHODS@#Blood samples were obtained from ET patients and healthy people and a certain protein mass spectrometry was detected using label-free quantitative technology. The proteins relative abundance increased or down-regulated by 1.3 times in the disease group compared with the control group, and the protein abundance in the two groups t test P＜0.05 were defined as differential proteins. Bioinformatics analysis of the differential proteins was performed using GO and KEGG. The difference in the average protein abundance between the two groups was analyzed by t test and P＜0.05 was considered statistically significant. Differential proteins were selected for verification by parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) technology.@*RESULTS@#A total of 140 differential proteins were found, of which 72 were up-regulated and 68 were down-regulated. KEGG enrichment showed that the differential protein expression was related to the platelet activation pathway. The differential proteins related to platelet activation were GPV, COL1A2, GP1bα, COL1A1 and GPVI. Among them, the expressions of GPV, GP1bα and GPVI were up-regulated, and the expressions of COL1A2 and COL1A1 were down-regulated. PRM verification of COL1A1, GP1bα, GPVI and GPV was consistent with LFP proteomics testing.@*CONCLUSION@#Differential proteins in ET patients are related to platelet activation pathway activation.Differential proteins such as GPV, GPVI, COL1A1 and GP1bα can be used as new targets related to ET platelet activation.

Clinical Characteristics of Patients with JAK2 Gene Mutation Myeloproliferative Neoplasms / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the relationship between JAK2 gene mutation and clinical indicators in patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN).@*METHODS@#122 MPN patients in the Department of Hematology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences from September 2017 to January 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. The relationship between JAK2 gene mutation and sex, age, peripheral blood cell count, splenomegaly, and thrombosis and bleeding events were analyzed.@*RESULTS@#In 122 patients with MPN, the patients with polycythemia vera (PV) accounted for 36 (29.5%), the patients with essential thrombocythemia (ET) accounted for 56 (45.9%), the patients with myelofibrosis (MF) accounted for 30 (24.6%). The JAK2 gene mutation rate in MPN patients was 64.6% (79/122), and the JAK2 gene mutation rate in PV, ET and MF groups were 77.7% (28/36), 60.7% (34/56) and 56.7% (17/30), the JAK2 gene mutation rate of the patients in PV group was statistically significant as compared with those in the ET group (P＜0.05). The hemoglobin (Hb) count of the patients in JAK2 gene mutation group was higher than those in wild-type group ［(150.0±39.6)g/L vs (129.4±38.9)g/L, P＜0.05］; the white blood cell (WBC) count of the patients in JAK2 gene mutation group was higher than those in the wild type group ［(9.5±4.7)×10@*CONCLUSION@#The mutation rate of JAK2 gene in MPN patients is higher, and the mutation rate of JAK2 gene in PV patients is higher than that in ET and MF patients; JAK2 gene mutations in MPN patients are related to hemogram index; the incidence of splenomegaly is the highest in MF patients, and splenomegaly is related to the occurrence of JAK2 gene mutations in MF patients.

Evaluation on three short-term animal models of alcoholic liver disease / 药学学报

Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) includes a spectrum of disorders ranging from asymptomatic steatosis, alcoholic steatohepatitis (ASH), fibrosis and cirrhosis. According to epidemical statistics, ALD has been ranked as the second major cause of liver diseases in China. Many animal models have been made in the study of potential therapies. However, in most of the models, the pathological changes are not always consistent with those in patients. There are three widely used short-term animal models of ALD:the acute alcoholic liver injury model, Gao-binge steatohepatitis model and CCl4-alcohol diet induced liver fibrosis model. In this study, we evaluated the pathological responses of these models and compared the responses with the clinical parameters. The liver/body weight ratio was increased and liver histological lesions were induced in alcoholic groups in the three models, while the levels of biochemical parameters and inflammatory factors were affected by different type of treatments. In the acute alcoholic model, the mRNA levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-C motif chemokine receptor-2 (CCL2) were surprisingly decreased, which was consistent with the transcriptome profile in patients (P P IL-6 and CCL2 (P CCL2 was impacted differently at various stages of ALDs, which can be considered as a potential biomarker.

Prevalence of Nontraumatic Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head and its Associated Risk Factors in the Chinese Population: Results from a Nationally Representative Survey / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Nontraumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head (NONFH) is a debilitating disease that represents a significant financial burden for both individuals and healthcare systems. Despite its significance, however, its prevalence in the Chinese general population remains unknown. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of NONFH and its associated risk factors in the Chinese population.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A nationally representative survey of 30,030 respondents was undertaken from June 2012 to August 2013. All participants underwent a questionnaire investigation, physical examination of hip, and bilateral hip joint X-ray and/or magnetic resonance imaging examination. Blood samples were taken after overnight fasting to test serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels. We then used multivariate logistic regression analysis to investigate the associations between various metabolic, demographic, and lifestyle-related variables and NONFH.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>NONFH was diagnosed in 218 subjects (0.725%) and the estimated NONFH cases were 8.12 million among Chinese people aged 15 years and over. The prevalence of NONFH was significantly higher in males than in females (1.02% vs. 0.51%, χ2 = 24.997, P < 0.001). Among NONFH patients, North residents were subjected to higher prevalence of NONFH than that of South residents (0.85% vs. 0.61%, χ 2 = 5.847, P = 0.016). Our multivariate regression analysis showed that high blood levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and non-HDL-cholesterol, male, urban residence, family history of osteonecrosis of the femoral head, heavy smoking, alcohol abuse and glucocorticoid intake, overweight, and obesity were all significantly associated with an increased risk of NONFH.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Our findings highlight that NONFH is a significant public health challenge in China and underscore the need for policy measures on the national level. Furthermore, NONFH shares a number of risk factors with atherosclerosis.</p>

Nasal coblation plasma surgery for the treatment of persistent allergic rhinitis: an evaluation of short-term outcomes / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the therapeutic effect of nasal coblation plasma surgery for the treatment of persistent allergic rhinitis (PAR).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One hundred patients with mite-sensitized moderate to severe PAR who underwent nasal coblation plasma surgery (inferior turbinoplasty plus nasal agger ablation) were enrolled in this study. There were 68 male and 32 female patients aged 16 to 62 years (mean, 36.3 years). The visual analogue scale (VAS) for global rhinitis symptoms, nasal provocation test (NPT), anterior rhinomanometry, and T&T olfactometry were used to assess the short-term outcomes, preoperatively and postoperatively at the end of three months after surgical procedure. SPSS19.0 software was applied for statistical analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>At three months after treatment, the total nasal symptom VAS scores significantly decreased from 7.0 ± 2.0 to 2.5 ± 1.5 (X(-) ± s; t = 18.00, P = 0.0001). All patients were allergic to house dust mites with positive NPT before treatment. At three months from the coblation intervention, 88.0% of the patients changed from positive NPT to negative, while 12.0% remained as positive. There was a significant reduction in total nasal resistance, which diminished from 0.772 ± 0.224 to 0.221 ± 0.112 kPa·s·L(-1) after treatment (t = 22.00, P = 0.0001). Preoperative olfactory tests showed hyposmia in 31.0% of the patients, with 22 cases for slight and 9 cases for moderate disorder. Three months after treatment, 13.0% were diagnosed as hyposmia, with 7 cases for slight and 6 cases for moderate disorder (χ(2) = 10.44, P = 0.005).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Nasal coblation plasma surgery provides favorable short-term outcomes in terms of remarkable improvement in nasal symptoms, hyperreactivity of nasal mucosa, nasal flow and olfactory function in patients with moderate to severe PAR, but long-term effect needed further observation.</p>

Analysis of the main components of inner ear antigens inducing autoimmune Meniere's disease in guinea pigs / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the main components of inner ear antigens inducing autoimmune Meniere's disease (AIMD) in guinea pigs.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The guinea pigs were immunized with isologous crude inner ear antigens (ICIEAg). Then, the hearing function was measured with auditory brainstem response (ABR), the vestibular function was measured with electronystagmography (including spontaneous nystagmus and caloric test), and inner ear histopathological changes were observed by inner ear celloidin section with haematoxylin-eosin staining and observed under light microscope. According to these results, the AIMD-model animals from non-AIMD-model ones were distinguished. The special antibodies against ICIEAg in sera were measured with ELISA. The antigen-antibody reactions against different components of ICIEAg were detected by Western blotting with sera of AIMD and non-AIMD guinea pigs respectively. Then, we analysed the contrast between them and found the main components of the ICIEAg that were positive reaction in AIMD guinea pigs and negative reaction in non-AIMD guinea pigs.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The result of ELISA demonstrated that the sera of both the AIMD and non-AIMD guniea pigs contained the special antibodies against ICIEAg after immunized with ICIEAg. The difference of the amount of antibody against ICIEAg between AIMD guinea pig group and non-AIMD guinea pig group was not significant. Western blotting assay showed only the sera of AIMD guinea pig contained the antibodies against the specific antigens with the molecular of 68 000, 58 000, 42 000 and 28 000.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>ICIEAg contain many different components, the AIMD might only happen in the guinea pigs in which the special immunization against the main components that could induce this kind of disorder appeared. The inner ear antigens with molecular of 68 000, 58 000, 42 000 and 28 000 might be the main components inducing AIMD in guinea pigs.</p>