Isolation and purification of Eleutherococcus sessiliflorus (Rupr. & Maxim.) S. Y. Hu peptides and study of their antioxidant effects and mechanisms.

Oxidative stress is a state of imbalance between oxidant and antioxidant effects in the body, which is closely associated with aging and many diseases. Therefore, the development of antioxidants has become urgent. In this study, we isolated three polypeptides, G-6-Y, P-8-R, and F-10-W, from Eleutherococcus sessiliflorus (Rupr. & Maxim.) S. Y. Hu (E. sessiliflorus), based on the antioxidant and anti-aging properties of Eleutherococcus, and screened the most powerful free radical scavenging peptide P-8-R. Ultraviolet B (UVB)-induced oxidative stress damage in the skin was established to test the efficacy of P-8-R. In cellular experiments, P-8-R not only prevented oxidative stress damage in HaCaT cells, reduced intracellular reactive oxygen species levels, and inhibited the overexpression of matrix metalloproteinases but also inhibited apoptosis via the mitochondria-dependent apoptotic pathway; in animal experiments, P-8-R was able to prevent oxidative stress damage in the skin and reduce skin collagen loss by inhibiting the overexpression of MMPs to prevent mouse skin aging. In conclusion, the present study contributes to an in-depth understanding of the active compounds of Eleutherococcus, which is of great significance for the pharmacodynamic mechanism and industrial development of Eleutherococcus, and P-8-R is likely to become a potential antioxidant and anti-aging drug or skin care cosmetic in the future.

Effects of aerobic exercise or Tai Chi Chuan interventions on problematic mobile phone use and the potential role of intestinal flora: A multi-arm randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Problematic use of mobile phones (PMPU) has been described as a serious public health issue. METHODS: This study was a parallel three-arm randomized controlled trial and has completed registration (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05843591). Ninety college students with PMPU were randomly assigned to the aerobic exercise group (AE group, n = 30), the Tai Chi Chuan group (TCC group, n = 30), or the wait-list control group (WLC group, n = 30). At the end of the intervention, stool samples from the study participants were collected for biological analysis based on 16 S rDNA amplicon sequencing technology. The primary outcome was addiction symptoms assessed by the Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version (SAS-SV). The secondary outcomes are emotional symptoms, physical symptoms, and flora species. RESULTS: Compared with the WLC group, the AE and TCC groups showed reductions in PMPU levels, physical and mental fatigue, but there was no difference between the two groups. Moreover, the effect of increasing self-esteem embodied in the TCC group was not present in the AE group. Compared to the WLC group, the relative abundance of Bacteroidaceae and Bacteroides were lower in the AE group, while the relative abundance of Erysipelotrichaceae and Alistipes were lower in the TCC group. And the relative abundance of Bacteroidaceae, Bacteroides, and Alistipes were significantly and negatively correlated with the decline in PMPU scores. CONCLUSION: AE or TCC is an effective, safe and efficient intervention for college students with PMPU, providing some physiological and psychological benefits and having some impact on their intestinal flora.

Effectiveness of eHealth interventions for HIV prevention, testing and management: An umbrella review.

BACKGROUND: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection has become a major contributor to the global burden of disease. Globally, the number of cases of HIV continues to increase. Electronic health (eHealth) interventions have emerged as promising tools to support disease self-management among people living with HIV. The purpose of this umbrella review is to systematically evaluate and summarize the evidence and results of published systematic reviews and meta-analyses on the effectiveness of eHealth interventions for HIV prevention, testing and management. METHODS: PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library were searched for reviews. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using AMSTAR-2. RESULTS: A total of 22 systematic reviews were included. The methodological quality of the reviews was low or critically low. EHealth interventions range from Internet, computer, or mobile interventions to websites, programs, applications, email, video, games, telemedicine, texting, and social media, or a combination of them. The majority of the reviews showed evidence of effectiveness (including increased participation in HIV management behaviours, successfully changed HIV testing behaviours, and reduced risk behaviours). EHealth interventions were effective in the short term. CONCLUSIONS: Ehealth interventions have the potential to improve HIV prevention, HIV testing and disease management. Due to the limitations of the low methodological quality of the currently available systematic reviews, more high-quality evidence is needed to develop clear and robust recommendations.

Effects of exercise or tai chi on Internet addiction in college students and the potential role of gut microbiota: A randomized controlled trial.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to explore the effect of exercise or tai chi on Internet addiction disorder (IAD) among college students and clarified the abundance and population changes of gut microbiota in different groups. Thus explore the potential role of gut microbiota between exercise and IAD. METHODS: A total of 93 subjects diagnosed with mild IAD were randomly assigned to the exercise group, the tai chi group, and the control group. The intervention groups received exercise or tai chi for 8 weeks and the control group was evaluated without any intervention. Fecal samples were collected after the intervention. RESULTS: 1) Analysis found a significant intervention effect with the exercise group showing an average decrease of 8.84 points on the Internet addiction test (IAT) compared with the control group (95%CI -15.41 to-2.27, P = 0.004). But there was no significant difference between the control group and the tai chi group. 2) Both exercise (P = 0.018) and tai chi (P = 0.026) could significantly relieve fatigue symptoms. 3) The relative abundance of the Betaproteobacteria, Porphyromonadaceae, Sutterellaceae, and Alistipes were significantly decreased in the exercise group compared with the control group, and the relative abundance of Escherichia was significantly increased in the exercise group. 4) The relative abundance of Betaproteobacteria, Sutterellaceae, and Escherichia had significant differences between the improved group and the no-improved group. CONCLUSION: Exercise intervention has a considerable effect on treating IAD. Exercise and tai chi might have effectiveness in relieving the symptoms of fatigue. Exercise intervention regulates the gut microflora and changes the abundance of microflora to improve IAD. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT05529368.

A bidirectional association between smartphone addiction and depression among college students: A cross-lagged panel model.

Background: Smartphone addiction (SA) is associated with adverse consequences, especially for freshmen. Evidence indicates that SA is associated with depression, and it is necessary to conduct a longitudinal study to explore the association further. Methods: SA (measured by the Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version) and depression (measured by the Zung's Self-Rating Depression Scale) among 1,186 freshmen were surveyed at baseline and a respective 12-month follow-up for each participant. The application of a cross-lagged panel model approach (CLPM) revealed an association between SA and depression after adjusting for demographic variables. Results: The CLPM results showed a significant path from baseline SA to follow-up depression (ß = 0.08, P < 0.001) and a significant path from baseline depression to follow-up SA (ß = 0.08, P < 0.001). Compared with the overall cross-lagged model, the cross-lagged coefficient of the path from baseline SA to follow-up depression increased in the female group (ß = 0.10, P = 0.015), and the cross-lagged coefficient of the path from baseline depression to follow-up SA also increased significantly (ß = 0.15, P < 0.001). In contrast, the cross-lagged model in the male group showed no predictive effect between SA and depression (P > 0.05). Conclusions: The current study showed a significant bidirectional association between smartphone addiction and depression among freshmen, but only in the female population.

Longitudinal association between problematic smartphone use and sleep disorder among Chinese college students during the COVID-19 pandemic.

BACKGROUND: Problematic smartphone use (PSU) and sleep disorders (SD) are common public health problems among college students. While previous cross-sectional studies have found a relationship between PSU and SD, the causal direction of this relationship remains unclear. This study aims to examine the longitudinal changes of PSU and SD during the COVID-19 pandemic, determine the causal relationship between them, and identify confounding factors that affect this association. METHODS: The study sample consisted of 1186 Chinese college students (47.7% male) with a mean age of 18.08 years. Participants completed the Smartphone Addiction Scale - Short Version (SAS-SV) and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) at both baseline and follow-up surveys, conducted one year apart. The cross-lagged panel model (CLPM) was used to examine the causal relationship between PSU and SD, stratified by gender and duration of daily physical activity. The fixed effect panel regression was used to confirm the findings of CLPM. RESULTS: The results of the CLPM analysis showed a significant bidirectional relationship between PSU and SD for the overall sample, which was consistent with the fixed effects model findings. However, subgroup analyses revealed that the bidirectional association disappeared among males or those who engaged in daily physical activity for more than 1 h. CONCLUSIONS: Our study shows a significant bidirectional association between PSU and SD, with variations across gender and daily physical activity levels. Encouraging physical activity may serve as a potential intervention to disrupt the bidirectional association between PSU and SD, which has important implications for public health strategies aimed at reducing the negative consequences of PSU and SD.

Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Care Continuum for HIV Risk Populations: An Umbrella Review of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses.

Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is an effective biomedical strategy for HIV prevention. This umbrella review is aimed at providing a comprehensive summary of the current status of each stage of the PrEP care cascade. A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane. Additionally, a Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews 2 (AMSTAR-2) tool and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) checklist were used to evaluate their methodological and reporting quality, respectively. A total of 30 systematic reviews met the inclusion criteria. According to the results of methodological quality assessment, 3 reviews were rated as low, while 27 as critically low. Furthermore, the results of the reporting quality evaluation revealed a mean score of 23.03 for the included reviews. Across all the reviews, awareness of PrEP was generally moderate in all populations, and the acceptability was even higher compared with awareness. Unfortunately, the PrEP uptake among different groups was even less optimal, although the adherence was almost above moderate, and several barriers that hindered the utilization of PrEP were identified, and the most common are as follows: cost, stigma, lack of knowledge, mistrust, low risk perception, and more. Although PrEP has proven to be an effective prevention method to date, the promotion of PrEP failed to achieve the anticipated outcome. To reinforce the generalization of and use of PrEP, and effectively control HIV transmission, it is urgent to identify the underlying causes of low uptake rates so that efficient interventions can be implemented.

Association between mobile phone addiction, sleep disorder and the gut microbiota: a short-term prospective observational study.

Bidirectional communication between the gut microbiota and the brain has sparked interest in exploring the link between mobile phone addiction (MPA) and sleep disorders (SD) in microbiome research. However, investigating the role of gut microbiota in this relationship using animal models presents challenges due to the unique nature of MPA, and human research in this area is scarce. We recruited 99 healthy college students to evaluate the gut microbiome using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and assess MPA and SD at baseline and after a two-month follow-up. Multiple covariate-adjusted statistical models, including linear regression, permutational multivariate analysis of variance and so on, were employed to determine microbiome associations with MPA at baseline and changes in SD at follow-up. Our findings revealed negative associations between MPA and three alpha diversity metrics, along with alterations in bacterial composition. MPA showed negative associations with the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes, while displaying positive associations with Actinobacteria and Bifidobacteriales. Conversely, Actinobacteria exhibited a negative association with increased SD. This study has established a significant link between MPA and a decrease in the alpha diversity of the gut microbiota. Actinobacteria was associated with MPA and SD, respectively. Additional investigation is needed to fully comprehend the relationship between comorbid behavioral disorders and the gut microbiota.

Effects of different interventions on internet addiction: A meta-analysis of random controlled trials.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of different interventions on Internet addiction (IA), a meta-analysis and network meta-analyses were performed. METHODS: We searched PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, Web of Science, PsycINFO, ProQuest, CNKI, WanFang, VIP database, and CBM from their inception to August 2021 to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) where the effects of interventions on IA were assessed. The risk of bias was evaluated according to the Revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials (RoB2). The R studio Software and Stata 14.0 were used to perform traditional meta-analysis and network meta-analyses. RESULTS: A total of 59 RCTs including 3832 participants were incorporated into meta-analysis. The results of the traditional meta-analysis of 24 studies showed that CBT, group counseling, sports intervention, and Internet-based intervention could significantly reduce IA levels (SMD = -1.90, 95%CI: -2.26 to -1.55, P < 0.01, I2 = 85.9%) as compared to no-treatment control groups. Network meta-analyses based on different scales showed that combined interventions had the highest probability of being the best interventions for IA (SUCRA = 91.0 % based on IAT; SUCRA = 89.0 % based on CIAS). DISCUSSION: Most interventions have significant effects on the treatment of IA. Compared with single interventions, combined interventions showed a more pronounced improvement in Internet addiction symptoms.

The Component and Functional Pathways of Gut Microbiota Are Altered in Populations with Poor Sleep Quality - A Preliminary Report.

With the development of genome sequencing, many researchers have investigated the mechanism by which the intestinal microbiota influences sleep across the brain-gut axis. However, the relationship between gut microbiota and sleep disorder remains unclear. Thus, we studied the difference in gut microbiota composition between poor sleep quality- and normal populations, which helps set the ground for future research. The recruited college students provided baseline information and stool samples and completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). We compared the two groups' gut microbiota composition and functional differentiation by using the 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis. The main bacterial difference and the most critical effect were mainly concentrated within Tenericutes and Elusimicrobia. Compared with the healthy control group, some functions of the gut microbiota were impaired in the poor sleep quality group, such as butanoate metabolism and propanoate metabolism. Bacterial taxa with significant differences raised the possibility for future diagnosis and treatment of sleep problems.

An updated of meta-analysis on the relationship between mobile phone addiction and sleep disorder.

BACKGROUND: To conduct a meta-analysis to quantitatively assess the association between mobile phone addiction (MPA) and sleep disorder (SD) by reviewing current evidence from observational studies. METHODS: The meta-analysis was conducted by searching Pubmed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of science using a retrieval strategy related to MPA and SD. Pooled Odds ratios and Pearson's correlation coefficients were calculated by R software using a random effects model. RESULTS: 29 studies including a total of 20041 participants were identified. We found that MPA was significantly associated with an increased risk of adolescents having SD (OR = 2.25, 95%CI= 1.72-2.94). Additionally, the findings also demonstrated that weak-to-moderate positive correlations were found between MPA and SD (summary r = 0.30, 95%CI= 0.25-0.34). The meta-regression analysis and subgroup analysis suggested that the geographic location and the measurement of MPA might be the sources of heterogeneity, and the robustness of the findings was confirmed by sensitivity analysis. LIMITATIONS: The information collected was self-reported, and the recall bias was inevitable. CONCLUSIONS: This study updated the findings of the association between MPA and SD from the previous reviews and was also the first meta-analysis to assess the association between MPA and SD using Odds Radios and correlation coefficients concurrently. The result of this study re-emphasized that paying more attention to the public health concerns of MPA and SD is needed in the future, whether implementation more relevant researches or developing targeted policies.